Opioid overdose

The patient's history from bystanders/friends/family can assist diagnosis.

Signs include central nervous system and respiratory depression, miosis, and apnoea.

Initial treatment consists of ensuring adequate ventilation followed by administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone.

Monitor patients for re-sedation and repeat antidote dose if necessary.

An opioid is any synthetic or natural agent that stimulates opioid receptors and produces opium-like effects. Opiates are opioids naturally derived from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and include morphine and codeine. Opioids are used in the treatment of pain but are often sold illicitly and abused for their euphoric effects. An overdose occurs when larger quantities than physically tolerated are taken, resulting in central nervous system and respiratory depression, miosis, and apnoea, which can be fatal if not treated rapidly.