Resumo
განსაზღვრება
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- palpable thyroid nodule
- female sex
- history of head and neck irradiation
Other diagnostic factors
- extremes of age
- family history of thyroid cancer
- hoarseness
- dyspnea
- dysphagia
- tracheal deviation
- cervical lymphadenopathy
- rapid neck enlargement
Risk factors
- head and neck irradiation
- female sex
- family history of thyroid cancer
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- TSH
- thyroid/neck ultrasound
- fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
Tests to consider
- molecular testing of cytology specimens
- free T4
- free T3
- laryngoscopy
- I-123 thyroid scan and uptake
- core biopsy
- CT neck
- serum calcitonin
- genetic testing
- serum thyroglobulin
Emerging tests
- translaryngeal ultrasound
- sentinel node biopsy
Treatment algorithm
differentiated
anaplastic
medullary
Contributors
Authors
Rajiv Datta, MD, FACS, FRCS, FICS
Chairman
Department of Surgery
Professor Of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Chief
Division of Surgical Oncology
Chief
Division of Head and Neck Surgery
Mount Sinai South Nassau Hospital
Oceanside
NY
Disclosures
RD declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Rosemarie Metzger, MD, MPH, FACS
Associate Professor of Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division
Banner - University Medical Center
Phoenix
AZ
Declarações
RM declares that she has no competing interests.
Lindsay Bischoff, MD
Associate Professor
Medical Director Vanderbilt Thyroid Center
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville
TN
Declarações
LB declares that she has no competing interests.
F. Fausto Palazzo, MS, FRCS
Consultant Endocrine Surgeon
Hammersmith & Charing Cross Hospitals
Clinical Lead for Endocrine Surgery
Honorary Senior Lecturer
Imperial College
London
UK
Declarações
FFP declares that he has no competing interests.
Créditos aos pareceristas
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Referências
Principais artigos
Ringel MD, Sosa JA, Baloch Z, et al. 2025 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2025 Aug;35(8):841-985.Texto completo Resumo
Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.Texto completo Resumo
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: thyroid carcinoma [internet publication].Texto completo
Filetti S, Durante C, Hartl DM, et al. ESMO clinical practice guideline update on the use of systemic therapy in advanced thyroid cancer. Ann Oncol. 2022 Jul;33(7):674-84.Texto completo Resumo
European Society for Medical Oncology. Clinical practice guidelines - thyroid cancer. 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Benign thyroid nodule
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- 2025 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
- Practice parameter for treatment of benign and malignant thyroid disease with I-131 sodium iodide
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