Typhoid (enteric) fever
შეჯამება
განსაზღვრება
ანამნეზი და გასინჯვა
ძირითადი დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები
- high fever
სხვა დიაგნოსტიკური ფაქტორები
- dull frontal headache
- abdominal pain
- anorexia
- apathetic-lethargic state
- constipation
- cough
- diarrhea
- malaise
- nausea
- prostration
- chills
- hepatomegaly
- pneumonia
- relative bradycardia
- rigors
- rose spots
- splenomegaly
რისკფაქტორები
- overcrowded living in endemic areas
- poor sanitation/untreated water in endemic areas
- poor personal hygiene in endemic areas
- visiting endemic countries (e.g., Indian subcontinent, Mexico)
- travel to areas with poor sanitation within endemic countries
- ignoring hygiene rules while traveling in endemic countries
- travel to the Indian subcontinent
- longer duration of stay in endemic country
- antacid/proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment
დიაგნოსტიკური კვლევები
1-ად შესაკვეთი გამოკვლევები
- CBC
- serum aminotransferases
- blood culture
- stool culture
- urine culture
- bone marrow culture
- drug susceptibility testing
გასათვალისწინებელი კვლევები
- rose spot culture
მკურნალობის ალგორითმი
suspected enteric fever
confirmed enteric fever
relapse
chronic carriage
კონტრიბუტორები
ავტორები
Eli Schwartz, MD, DTMH
Professor
Center for Geographical Medicine and Tropical Diseases
Chaim Sheba Medical Center
Tel HaShomer Hospital
Clinical Professor of Medicine
Sackler Faculty of Medicine
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv
Israel
გაფრთხილება:
ES is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Bradley A. Connor, MD
Clinical Associate Professor
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
New York Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine
New York City
NY
Declarações
BAC declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores
Chris Parry, MD
Senior Lecturer (Honorary Consultant)
Division of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine
School of Infection and Host Defence
University of Liverpool
Liverpool
UK
Declarações
CP declares that he has no competing interests.
Paul M. Southern, MD, MSc, DTM&H
Professor
Department of Pathology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas
TX
Declarações
PMS declares that he has no competing interests.
Créditos aos pareceristas
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Declarações
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Referências
Principais artigos
World Health Organization. Typhoid vaccines position paper. Mar 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo
Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ. 2004 May;82(5):346-53.Texto completo Resumo
Schwartz E, Shlim DR, Eaton M, et al. The effect of oral and parenteral typhoid vaccination on the rate of infection with Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A among foreigners in Nepal. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Feb;150(2):349-51. Resumo
Ochiai RL, Wang X, von Seidlein L, et al. Salmonella paratyphi A rates, Asia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Nov;11(11):1764-6.Texto completo Resumo
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - typhoid & paratyphoid fever. May 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo
Engels EA, Falagas ME, Lau J, et al. Typhoid fever vaccines: a meta-analysis of studies on efficacy and toxicity. BMJ. 1998 Jan 10;316(7125):110-6.Texto completo Resumo
Jackson BR, Iqbal S, Mahon B; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Updated recommendations for the use of typhoid vaccine - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Mar 27;64(11):305-8.Texto completo Resumo
Frenck RW Jr, Nakhla I, Sultan Y, et al. Azithromycin versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Nov;31(5):1134-8.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Malaria
- Dengue
- Rickettsial infections
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel: typhoid and paratyphoid fever
- Diagnosis and management of enteric fever in England
Mais Diretrizes
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