When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Tetanus

Last reviewed: 13 Feb 2025
Last updated: 25 Feb 2025

Summary

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • antecedent tetanus-prone injury
  • tetanus immunization status
  • trismus (lock jaw)
  • back pain
  • muscle stiffness/increased tone
  • dysphagia
  • spasms
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • people who inject drugs
  • respiratory distress
  • labile blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature
  • sweating
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • incomplete tetanus immunization
  • injury
  • aseptic obstetric practices
  • people who inject drugs
  • asterile intramuscular injection
  • abdominal surgery
  • acupuncture, ear piercing, pedicures, toothpicks
  • necrotic tumors
  • middle ear infection
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • clinical diagnosis
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • serum toxin
  • Clostridium tetani detection from wound tissue or swab
  • serum antitoxin antibodies
  • spores on drug samples or paraphernalia
  • lumbar puncture
  • electroencephalogram
  • electromyogram
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

Inicial

clean and minor wound

tetanus-prone wound

AGUDA

with clinical tetanus

Colaboradores

Autores

Russell W. Steele, MD

Clinical Professor of Pediatrics

Tulane University School of Medicine

New Orleans

LA

Declarações

RWS declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Russell W. Steele would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Christopher M. Parry, Dr Nicholas J. Beeching, Dr Lucy E. Cottle, and Professor Enitan D. Carrol, the previous contributors to this topic.

Revisores

Louise Thwaites, BSc, MBBS, MD

Senior Clinical Research Fellow

Oxford University Clinical Research Unit

Hospital for Tropical Diseases

Ho Chi Minh City

Vietnam

Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health

Oxford University

Oxford, UK

Declarações

LT is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Katrina Kretsinger, MD, MA

Commander

U.S. Public Health Service

Medical Epidemiologist

HIV Vaccine Team

Epidemiology Branch

Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention

National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Atlanta, GA

Declarações

KK declares that she has no competing interests.

  • Tetanus images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Drug-induced dystonias, for example, phenothiazines
    • Strychnine poisoning
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2025
    • Adult immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    DTaP vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, polio, and pertussis)

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
  • padlock-lockedConectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice

O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal