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Anal cancer

Последний просмотренный: 21 Sep 2025
Last updated: 07 Jan 2025

Резюме

Определение

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • rectal bleeding
  • rectal pain
  • rectal mass
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • anal discharge
  • anal itching
  • fecal incontinence
  • anal fistula
  • non-healing ulcer
  • inguinal node mass
  • features of distant metastasis
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • HPV
  • HIV
  • immunosuppression
  • receptive anal intercourse
  • multiple sexual partners
  • autoimmune disease
  • smoking
  • anal intraepithelial neoplasia
  • anal fistula
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • anoscopy
  • biopsy of tumor
  • pelvis MRI scan
  • pelvis CT scan
  • abdominal and chest CT scan
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • PET scan
  • inguinal node needle biopsy
  • serum HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • cervical cancer screening
Полная информация

Алгоритм лечения

Острый

locoregional disease

distant metastatic disease

Составители

Авторы

Bruce D. Minsky, MD

Professor and Frank T. McGraw Endowed Chair

Radiation Oncology

MD Anderson Cancer Center

Houston

TX

Раскрытие информации

BDM declares that he has no competing interests.

Рецензенты

Brian Czito, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Radiation Oncology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham

NC

Раскрытие информации

BC declares that he has no competing interests.

Lisa Kachnic, MD

Chief and Associate Professor

Department of Radiation Oncology

Boston University Medical Center

Boston

MA

Раскрытие информации

LK has received funding from the US Department of Defense to perform research on non-anal cancers. LK is the author of a study referenced in this topic.

Sue Clark, MD

Consultant Colorectal Surgeon

Assistant Director

The Polyposis Registry

St Mark's Hospital

Harrow

UK

Раскрытие информации

SC declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Основные статьи

Rao S, Guren MG, Khan K, et al. Anal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021 Sep;32(9):1087-100.Полный текст  Аннотация

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: anal carcinoma [internet publication].Полный текст

Статьи, указанные как источники

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Отличия

    • Hemorrhoids
    • Rectal cancer
    • Anal margin cancer
    Больше Отличия
  • Guidelines

    • ACR appropriateness criteria: staging and follow-up of anal cancer
    • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cancer in people with HIV
    Больше Guidelines
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