Summary
Differentials
Common
- Cervical cancer
- Thyroid dysfunction
- Miscarriage
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Endometritis
- Uterine fibroids
- Endometrial polyp
- Cervical polyp
- Ectropion
- Menorrhagia
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Uncommon
- Endometrial cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Acute leukaemia
- Lymphoma
- Cushing's syndrome
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Renal failure
- Hepatic failure
- Von Willebrand disease (VWD)
- Haemophilia
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Gestational trophoblastic disease (choriocarcinoma)
- Placental abruption
- Placenta praevia
- Cervicitis
- Vaginitis
- Endometriosis
- Adenomyosis
- Endometrial hyperplasia
- Sexual abuse in children
- Anticoagulant administration
- Contraceptive-related
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Selective oestrogen receptor modulators
- Corticosteroids
- Androgens
- Phenytoin
- Chemotherapy
Contributors
Authors

Research Associate
Laboratory Director
San Antonio Reproductive Associates
San Antonio
TX
Disclosures
IE declares that she has no competing interests.

Medical Director
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Baptist Medical Center
San Antonio Reproductive Associates
San Antonio
TX
Disclosures
The author owns a patent on the use of aromatase inhibitors for endometrial thinning before hysteroscopic surgery. The patent is licensed to Meditrina Company.
Peer reviewers
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University of Wisconsin
Madison
WI
Disclosures
SS declares that she has no competing interests.
Consultant/Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
St George's Hospital
London
UK
Disclosures
AU declares that he has no competing interests.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer