Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- age <3 years
- leukocoria (white pupillary reflex)
- strabismus
- positive family history
- pseudo-orbital cellulitis
- 13q syndrome
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- funduscopy and examination under anaesthesia
- wide-field fundus photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (sdOCT)
- ophthalmic A- and B-scan ultrasound
Investigations to consider
- molecular testing
- MRI head/orbit
- bone marrow aspiration
- lumbar puncture
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors VIEW ALL
Founding Director/CEO
Murray Ocular Oncology and Retina
Miami
FL
Disclosures
TGM is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph.
Ophthalmologist/Ocular Oncologist
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
Miami
FL
Disclosures
VMV is an author of a reference cited in this monograph.
Dr Timothy G. Murray and Dr Victor M. Villegas would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Amy C. Schefler, a previous contributor to this monograph, and Dr Steven Houston, III, MD for his contribution to the monograph. ACS is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph. SH declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers VIEW ALL
Director
Pharmaceutical Clinical & Scientific Affairs
Bausch & Lomb
Rochester
NY
Disclosures
SS declares that she has no competing interests.
Professor and Head of Pediatric Ocular Oncology Unit
Jules Gonin Eye Hospital
Lausanne
Switzerland
Disclosures
FM declares that he has no competing interests.
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