Malignant hyperthermia
Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- exposure to potent inhalation anesthetic and/or succinylcholine
- susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MH)
- previous malignant hyperthermia (MH) episode
- positive family history
- increased minute ventilation
- elevated core temperature
- muscle rigidity
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- tachycardia
- decreased urine output
- excessive sweating with exercise
- muscle cramps
- spontaneous episodes of severe muscle stiffness
Factores de riesgo
- exposure to potent inhalation anesthetic and/or succinylcholine
- susceptibility to Malignant hyperthermia (MH)
- previous malignant hyperthermia (MH) episode
- positive family history
- exertional heat illness
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- discontinuation of inhalation anesthetic
- exhaled carbon dioxide, oxygen consumption (inspired-expired oxygen concentration difference)
- venous blood gases
- serum electrolytes
- serum creatinine
- therapeutic trial of intravenous dantrolene
- creatine kinase
- urinalysis
- urine myoglobin
- platelets
- prothrombin time
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- caffeine halothane contracture test (CHCT)
- in vitro contracture test (IVCT)
- genetic testing
- screen for muscle enzyme deficiencies
Algoritmo de tratamiento
inhalation anesthetic-induced
exercise- or heat-induced
Colaboradores
Autores
Christopher M. Edwards, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville
FL
利益声明
CME declares that he has no competing interests.
Nikolaus Gravenstein, MD
Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville
FL
利益声明
NG is a medical adviser/consultant for Teleflex, and has co-developed anesthesia patient safety education courses.
鸣谢
Christopher M Edwards and Nikolaus Gravenstein would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Barbara W. Brandom and Dr Lena Mayes, the previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
LM declares that she has no competing interests. BWB has been reimbursed by the not-for-profit sponsor of the North American MH Registry (NAMHR), the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (MHAUS) for attending meetings related to the management of the NAMHR. BWB was the unpaid director of the NAMHR, until Jul 2016. BWB is also an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Henry Rosenberg, MD
Director
Department of Medical Education and Clinical Research
Saint Barnabas Medical Center
Livingstone
NJ
利益声明
HR declares that he has no competing interests.
Philip Hopkins, MD
Professor of Anesthesia
University of Leeds
Academic Unit of Anesthesia
St James's University Hospital
Leeds
UK
利益声明
PH is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Thierry Girard, MD
Associate Professor
Perioperative Patient Safety
Department of Biomedicine
University Hospital Basel
Basel
Switzerland
利益声明
TG declares that he has no competing interests.
Joseph Tobin, MD, FAAP, FCCM
Professor and Chairman
Department of Anesthesiology
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem
NC
利益声明
JT is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
Hopkins PM, Girard T, Dalay S, et al. Malignant hyperthermia 2020: guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2021 May;76(5):655-64.全文 摘要
Larach MG, Dirksen SJ, Belani KG, et al; Society for Ambulatory Anesthesiology; Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States; Ambulatory Surgery Foundation; Society for Academic Emergency Medicine; National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. Special article: creation of a guide for the transfer of care of the malignant hyperthermia patient from ambulatory surgery centers to receiving hospital facilities. Anesth Analg. 2012 Jan;114(1):94-100.全文 摘要
Rüffert H, Bastian B, Bendixen D, et al. Consensus guidelines on perioperative management of malignant hyperthermia suspected or susceptible patients from the European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Jan;126(1):120-30.全文 摘要
European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. Recognising and managing a malignant hyperthermia crisis (v2024). Nov 2024 [internet publication].全文
Litman RS, Smith VI, Larach MG, et al. Consensus statement of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States on unresolved clinical questions concerning the management of patients with malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 2019 Apr;128(4):652-9. 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Nonmalignant hyperthermia rhabdomyolysis
- Muscle disuse atrophy
- Myotonia
更多 鉴别诊断Guidelines
- Recognizing and managing a malignant hyperthermia crisis
- Consensus guidelines on perioperative management of malignant hyperthermia suspected or susceptible patients from the European Malignant Hyperthermia Group
更多 Guidelines
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