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Snoring

Última revisão: 12 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 19 Jan 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • noisy breathing during sleep
  • apneas
  • choking or gasping
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • waking up tired
  • daytime somnolence
  • hyperactivity
  • behavioral problems
  • night terrors
  • enuresis
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • increasing age
  • male sex
  • obesity (BMI >30)
  • craniofacial abnormalities
  • endocrine disorders
  • neck circumference over 40 cm
  • sedating medications
  • adenotonsillar hypertrophy
  • long soft palate and uvula
  • alcohol consumption
  • Down syndrome
  • gastroesophageal reflux
  • active or passive smoking
  • abnormal epiglottis
  • hypopharyngeal cysts or tumors
  • rhinitis/nasal obstruction
  • asthma
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • nasal decongestant test
  • Epworth sleepiness score (ESS)
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • snoring scale score
  • TFTs
  • growth hormone level
  • skin-prick tests/serum allergen-specific IgE tests
  • sleep study
  • acoustic analysis
  • pharyngeal manometry
  • sleep nasendoscopy
Detalhes completos

Novos exames

  • head and neck 3-dimensional CT
  • head and neck MRI

Algoritmo de tratamento

CONTÍNUA

adult: without UARS or OSA

adult: with UARS or OSA

child: without concurrent indication for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy

child: with concurrent indication for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy

child: with UARS or OSA

Colaboradores

Autores

Nadia Ashraf, BMBS, BMedSci(Hon), DA, DOHNS, FRCS(ORL-HNS)

Specialty Registrar in Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

Sheffield

UK

Declarações

NA declares that she has no competing interests.

Showkat Mirza, BM, BS, BMedSci, FRCS(ORL-HNS)

Consultant in Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

Sheffield

UK

Declarações

SM declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Jayant Pinto, MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Declarações

JP declares that he has no competing interests.

Michael J. Hensley, MBBS, PhD, FRACP

Director

Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine

John Hunter Hospital

Professor and Head

School of Medicine and Public Health

Faculty of Health

The University of Newcastle

NSW

Australia

Declarações

MJH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Savage CR, Steward DL. Snoring: a critical analysis of current treatment modalities. Does anything really work? Curr Opinion Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Jun;15(3):177-9. Resumo

Kubba H. A child who snores. Clin Otolaryngol. 2006 Aug;31(4):317-8. Resumo

Fairbanks DNF, Mickelson SA, Woodson BT, eds. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2003.

Friedman M. Prognostic indicators for successful uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Sleep. 2000;23:A268.

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Snoring images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS)
    • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
    • Stridor
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • International classification of sleep disorders - third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR)
    • Manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Sleep apnea in adults (obstructive)

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
  • Videos

    How to examine the nasal cavity

    Mais vídeos
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