Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- malar (butterfly) rash
- photosensitive rash
- discoid rash
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- fatigue
- weight loss
- fever
- oral ulcers
- alopecia
- arthralgia/arthritis
- fibromyalgia
- Raynaud phenomenon
- chest pain and shortness of breath
- venous or arterial thrombosis
- hypertension
- signs of nephrosis (e.g., edema)
- lymphadenopathy
- abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhea
- nose ulcers
- poorly localized proximal limb inflammatory pain with weakness
- dysrhythmias (e.g., tachycardia), conduction defects, or unexplained cardiomegaly
- CNS signs: seizures, cranial nerve abnormalities, cognitive defects, psychosis
- dysphagia
Fatores de risco
- female sex
- age >30 years
- African descent in Europe and US
- drugs
- sun exposure
- family history of SLE
- tobacco smoking
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- complete blood count and differential
- activated partial thromboplastin time
- BUN and electrolytes
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein
- antinuclear antibodies, double-stranded (ds)DNA, Smith antigen
- urinalysis
- chest x-ray
- ECG
Investigações a serem consideradas
- blood and urine cultures
- antiphospholipid antibodies
- Coombs test
- 24-hour urine collection for protein or spot urine for protein/creatinine ratio
- complement levels
- creatine phosphokinase
- plain x-rays of affected joint(s)
- renal ultrasound
- chest computed tomography
- pulmonary function tests
- pleural aspiration
- brain magnetic resonance imaging
- echocardiography
- skin biopsy
- renal biopsy
- thyroid-stimulating hormone
Algoritmo de tratamento
joint symptoms and serositis
mucocutaneous disease
lupus nephritis
neuropsychiatric lupus
hematologic manifestations
Colaboradores
Autores
Meng May Chee, MBChB, MRCP
Consultant Rheumatologist
Queen Elizabeth University Hospital
Glasgow
UK
Declarações
MMC was sponsored by Abbvie to attend the European League Against Rheumatism 2020 online conference.
Rajan Madhok, MD, FRCP(Glasg)
Consultant Physician and Rheumatologist
Department of Rheumatology
Glasgow Royal Infirmary
Glasgow
UK
Declarações
RM holds shares in GSK to the value less than £12,000.
Agradecimentos
Dr Meng May Chee and Dr Rajan Madhok would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Gayle McKellar, a previous contributor to this topic.
Declarações
GM declares that she has no competing interests.
Revisores
James C. Oates, MD
Associate Director
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston
SC
Declarações
JCO declares that he has no competing interests.
Nancy J. Olsen, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas
TX
Declarações
NJO declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referências
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
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