Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presence of risk factors
- flushing
- erythema
- papules and pustules
- telangiectases
- ocular manifestations
- plaque formation
- facial distribution
- phymatous changes
Other diagnostic factors
- acne vulgaris
- burning or stinging
- dry appearance
- oedema
- peripheral location
Risk factors
- Fitzpatrick skin type I or II
- hot baths/showers
- temperature extremes
- sunlight
- emotional stress
- hot drinks
- family history
- female sex
- spicy foods
- alcohol
- medicines
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- clinical diagnosis
Investigations to consider
- skin biopsy
- antinuclear antibody titre
Treatment algorithm
all patients
Contributors
Authors
Abel D. Jarell, MD
Dermatologist and Dermatopathologist
Northeast Dermatology Associates
Principal Investigator
ActivMed Research
Portsmouth
NH
Disclosures
ADJ declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Abel D. Jarell would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Alexa Boer Kimball, a previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
ABK has received honoraria for consulting from Intendis and has been an investigator for Intendis and Bayer.
Peer reviewers
Jashin J. Wu, MD
Chief Dermatology Resident
University of California
Irvine
CA
Disclosures
JJW declares that he has no competing interests.
Paradi Mirmirani, MD
Physician
Department of Dermatology
Kaiser Permanente Vallejo Medical Center
Vallejo
CA
Disclosures
PM declares that she has no competing interests.
Brian L. Swick, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Dermatology and Pathology
University of Iowa
Iowa City
IA
Disclosures
BLS declares that he has no competing interests.
Thierry Simonart, MD, PhD
Physician
Department of Dermatology
Erasme University Hospital
Brussels
Belgium
Disclosures
TS declares that he has no competing interests.
Differentials
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Contact dermatitis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Ocular rosacea
- Guidelines for the management of people with rosacea
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