小结
鉴别诊断
常见
- 精神分裂症
- 分裂情感性障碍
- 短暂性精神障碍
- 分裂样障碍
- 伴有精神病性症状的抑郁症
- 双相障碍
- 妄想症
- 酒精
- 戒断综合征
- 可卡因
- 大麻
- 苯丙胺
- 苯环利定
- 吸入剂（溶剂、气溶胶、气体、亚硝酸盐）
- 右美沙芬
- 痴呆
- 慢性硫胺素缺乏症（Korsakoff 精神病）
- 急性肝性卟啉病
不常见
- 妄想性精神障碍患者伴侣的妄想症状（二联性精神病）
- 有机磷中毒
- 抗胆碱能药物
- 多巴胺受体激动剂
- 其他处方药或非处方药
- 重金属中毒
- 外伤性脑损伤
- 脑肿瘤
- 癫痫
- 多发性硬化
- 脑炎（感染性或自身免疫性）
- HIV
- 神经梅毒
- 伴有精神病的谵妄
- 维生素 B12 缺乏症
- 叶酸缺乏症
- 烟酸缺乏症
- 库欣综合征
- 甲状腺功能障碍
- 胸腺瘤
- 甲状旁腺功能亢进症
- 狼疮性脑炎
- Wilson 病（肝豆状核变性）
- 溶酶体贮积症
- 高胱氨酸尿
- 异染性脑白质营养不良
- 克兰费尔特综合征
- DiGeorge综合征
- 普拉德 - 威利综合征
撰稿人
作者
Adrian Preda, MD
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
University of California, Irvine School of Medicine
Irvine
CA
利益声明
AP declares that he has no competing interests.
Graham Blackman, MBChB, MRCPsych
Department of Psychosis Studies
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
King’s College London
London
UK
利益声明
GB declares that he has no competing interests. He is an author of publications cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Dr Adrian Preda and Dr Graham Blackman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Karen A. Graham and Dr Diana O. Perkins, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
KAG declares that she has no competing interests. DOP has served as a consultant on antipsychotic medications for Genentech, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, and Sunovion. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill received compensation for research and consulting work by DOP from Genentech, the NIH, Research Triangle Institute, and the State of North Carolina; the university has also been awarded a patent for isolation of pluripotent stem cells from human tissues, with Diana Perkins listed as one of the inventors. DOP has received royalties for the textbook Schizophrenia, published by the American Psychiatric Association Press.
同行评议者
Philip McGuire, MBChB, MD, PhD, FRCPsych
Department of Psychosis Studies
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
King’s College London
London
UK
利益声明
PM has been reimbursed by manufacturers of antipsychotic drugs for consultancy and speaking at conferences. PM has received grant funding for research and to support scientific conferences.
Vinod H. Srihari, MD
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
Yale University School of Medicine
Connecticut Mental Health Center
New Haven
CT
利益声明
VHS declares that he has no competing interests.
指南
- 国际疾病分类第十一次修订本（ICD-11）
- 精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第 5 版文本修订）[DSM-5-TR]
更多 指南患者教育信息
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阿尔茨海默病和其他痴呆症：如何有效治疗？
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