FDA 批准首个治疗 Duchenne 型肌营养不良的基因疗法
delandistrogene moxeparvovec 于 2023 年 6 月获得美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)的批准,用于治疗 4-5 岁的 Duchenne 型肌营养不良(Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD)可行走患者,且患者确认具有 DMD 基因突变,并且没有已存在的医学原因使其无法接受该疗法。批准通过加速审批途径获得。
delandistrogene moxeparvovec 是一种基于重组腺相关病毒载体的基因疗法,它可以递送一种基因,表达微小肌养蛋白,该蛋白包含正常肌养蛋白的关键功能域。单次静脉注射给药。
批准基于对提交至 FDA 的随机试验结果的分析,分析表明,经该疗法治疗的患者表达了微小肌养蛋白。据报道,接受 delandistrogene moxeparvovec 治疗的患者与倾向评分加权的外部对照队列相比,北极星移动评价量表评分在 1 年后存在具有临床意义且具有统计学意义的差异。[77] 试验中发现的不良反应包括心肌炎、肌钙蛋白-Ⅰ升高、急性肝损伤和血小板减少。研究还在进行中,以证明临床获益。
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 下肢力量失衡
- 下肢肌腱挛缩
- 动作发展指标推迟
- 腓肠肌肥大
- 行走困难及跌倒
- 肌张力及深腱反射减弱
- 感觉正常
- Gowers体征
其他诊断因素
- 用脚趾走路
- 肌张力过低
- 活动过度
- 大小便失禁
- 轻度至重度智力障碍
危险因素
- 家族史
- 男性
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 血清肌酸激酶 (CK)
- 基因检测
需考虑的检查
- 肌电图(EMG)
- 肌肉活检
- 肌肉 MRI
治疗流程
DMD:行走阶段
DMD:无法行走阶段早期
DMD:无法行走阶段晚期
脊髓性肌萎缩(SMA)
撰稿人
作者
Pinki Munot, MD
Consultant Paediatric Neurologist
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children
London
UK
利益声明
PM PM is a principal investigator for the Sideros trial in DMD and the ARGNX trial in Myasthenia, and a sub-investigator for the SHINE trial. PM was reimbursed for presenting at the PULSE 65 rare disease day for GPs in December 2023 and for the RCPCH 2022 lunch time symposium by PTC therapeutics.
鸣谢
Dr Pinki Munot would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr John R. Bach, Dr Aravindhan Veerapandiyan, and Dr Bilal Saulat, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
JRB, AV, and BS declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Lisa D. Hobson-Webb, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine/Neurology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham
NC
利益声明
LDH-W declares that she has no competing interests.
Martin K. Childers, DO, PhD
Associate Professor Neurology and Regenerative Medicine
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Winston-Salem
NC
利益声明
MKC declares that he has no competing interests.
Adnan Manzur, FRCPCH
Consultant Paediatric Neurologist
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust
London
UK
利益声明
AM has been paid an honorarium for giving lectures at the Imperial College Educative Training Courses for GPs and post-graduate doctors. AM is the lead author of the Cochrane review of corticosteroids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. He is also the Lead Clinician of the NorthStar Clinical Network for Management of Neuromuscular Disorders in the UK.
Richard W. Orrell, BSc, MD, FRCP
Senior Lecturer and Consultant Neurologist
Department of Clinical Neuroscience
UCL Institute of Neurology
London
UK
利益声明
RWO is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
鉴别诊断
- 多肌炎
- 停滞性脑病(大脑发育停滞)
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Duchenne 肌营养不良的诊断和治疗,第 1 部分:诊断及神经肌肉、康复、内分泌、胃肠和营养的管理
- Duchenne 肌营养不良的诊断和治疗,第 2 部分:呼吸、心脏、骨健康和骨科管理
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