隐球菌病

Chayakulkeeree M, Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006 Sep;20(3):507-44. 摘要

Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: cryptococcosis. July 2021 [internet publication].全文

World Health Organization. Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV. June 2022 [internet publication].全文

Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1;50(3):291-322.全文  摘要

Boulware DR, Meya DB, Muzoora C, et al. Timing of antiretroviral therapy after diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 26;370(26):2487-98.全文  摘要

Rolfes MA, Hullsiek KH, Rhein J, et al. The effect of therapeutic lumbar punctures on acute mortality from cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Dec 1;59(11):1607-14.全文  摘要

1. Chayakulkeeree M, Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006 Sep;20(3):507-44. 摘要

2. Perfect JR, Casadevall A. Cryptococcosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2002 Dec;16(4):837-74. 摘要

3. Pappas PG, Perfect JR, Cloud GA, et al. Cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in the era of effective azole therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Sep 1;33(5):690-9.全文  摘要

4. Jarvis JN, Harrison TS. Pulmonary cryptococcosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Apr;29(2):141-50. 摘要

5. Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tscharke RL, et al. A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004 Dec 7;101(49):17258-63.全文  摘要

6. Lui G, Lee N, Ip M, et al. Cryptococcosis in apparently immunocompetent patients. QJM. 2006 Mar;99(3):143-51.全文  摘要

7. Harris JR, Lockhart SR, Debess E, et al. Cryptococcus gattii in the United States: clinical aspects of infection with an emerging pathogen. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Dec;53(12):1188-95.全文  摘要

8. Goldman DL, Khine H, Abadi J, et al. Serologic evidence for Cryptococcus neoformans infection in early childhood. Pediatrics. 2001 May;107(5):E66. 摘要

9. Hajjeh RA, Conn LA, Stephens DS, et al. Cryptococcosis: population-based multistate active surveillance and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179(2):449-54.全文  摘要

10. Rajasingham R, Smith RM, Park BJ, et al. Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Aug;17(8):873-81.全文  摘要

11. Dromer F, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Fontanet A, et al. Epidemiology of HIV-associate cryptococcosis in France (1985-2001): comparison of the pre-and post-HAART eras. AIDS. 2004 Feb 20;18(3):555-62. 摘要

12. Dromer F, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Launay O, et al; French Cryptococcis Study Group. Determinants of disease presentation and outcome during cryptococcosis. PLoS Med. 2007 Feb;4(2):e21.全文  摘要

13. MacDougall L, Kidd SE, Galanis E, et al. Spread of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Jan;13(1):42-50.全文  摘要

14. Vilchez RA, Fung J, Kusne S. Cryptococcosis in organ transplant recipients: an overview. Am J Transplant. 2002 Aug;2(7):575-80.全文  摘要

15. Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR, et al. Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 15;50(8):1101-11.全文  摘要

16. Lin X, Heitman J. The biology of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2006 Oct 13;60:69-105. 摘要

17. Jacobs GJ, Medleau L. Cryptococcus. In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1998:383-90.

18. Khawcharoenporn T, Apisarnthanarak A, Mundy LM. Non-neoformans cryptococcal infections: a systematic review. Infection. 2007 Apr;35(2):51-8. 摘要

19. Speed B, Dunt D. Clinical and host differences between infections with the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Jul;21(1):28-34. 摘要

20. Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: cryptococcosis. July 2021 [internet publication].全文

21. Friedman GD, Jeffrey Fessel W, Udaltsova NV, et al. Cryptococcosis: the 1981-2000 epidemic. Mycoses. 2005 Mar;48(2):122-5. 摘要

22. Waters LN, Nelson M. Cryptococcal disease and HIV infection. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005 Dec;6(15):2633-44. 摘要

23. World Health Organization. Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV. June 2022 [internet publication].全文

24. Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcome. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):375-81.全文  摘要

25. Singh N, Alexander BD, Lortholary O, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: clinical relevance of serum cryptococcal antigen. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jan 15;46(2):e12-8. 摘要

26. Pastick KA, Nalintya E, Tugume L, et al. Cryptococcosis in pregnancy and the postpartum period: case series and systematic review with recommendations for management. Med Mycol. 2020 Apr 1;58(3):282-92.全文  摘要

27. Singh N, Perfect JR. Immune reconstitution syndrome and exacerbation of infections after pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 1;45(9):1192-9. 摘要

28. Nakamura S, Izumikawa K, Seki M, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in late pregnancy and review of published literature. Mycopathologia. 2009 Mar;167(3):125-31. 摘要

29. Sirinavin S, Intusoma U, Tuntirungsee S. Mother-to-child transmission of cryptococcus neoformans. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004 Mar;23(3):278-9. 摘要

30. Awotiwon AA, Johnson S, Rutherford GW, et al. Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV-positive people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 29;(8):CD004773.全文  摘要

31. Mfinanga S, Chanda D, Kivuyo SL, et al. Cryptococcal meningitis screening and community-based early adherence support in people with advanced HIV infection starting antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania and Zambia: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 May 30;385(9983):2173-82. 摘要

32. Rajasingham R, Meya DB, Greene GS, et al. Evaluation of a national cryptococcal antigen screening program for HIV-infected patients in Uganda: a cost-effectiveness modeling analysis. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 10;14(1):e0210105.全文  摘要

33. Pastick KA, Bangdiwala AS, Abassi M, et al. Seizures in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis: predictors and outcomes. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019 Nov;6(11):ofz478.全文  摘要

34. Haddow LJ, Colebunders R, Meintjes G, et al. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1-infected individuals: proposed clinical case definitions. Lancet Inf Dis. 2010 Nov;10(11):791-802.全文  摘要

35. Binnicker MJ, Jespersen DJ, Bestrom JE, et al. Comparison of four assays for the detection of cryptococcal antigen. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 Dec;19(12):1988-90.全文  摘要

36. Boulware DR, Rolfes MA, Rajasingham R, et al. Multisite validation of cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay and quantification by laser thermal contrast. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;20(1):45-53.全文  摘要

37. Chanock SJ, Toltzis P, Wilson C. Cross-reactivity between Stomatococcus mucilaginosus and latex agglutination for cryptococcal antigen. Lancet. 1993 Oct 30;342(8879):1119-20. 摘要

38. McManus EJ, Jones JM. Detection of a Trichosporon beigelii antigen cross-reactive with Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide in serum from a patient with disseminated Trichosporon infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 May;21(5):681-5.全文  摘要

39. Westerink MA, Amsterdam D, Petell RJ, et al. Septicemia due to DF-2. Cause of a false-positive cryptococcal latex agglutination result. Am J Med. 1987 Jul;83(1):155-8. 摘要

40. Rajasingham R, Boulware DR. Cryptococcal antigen screening and preemptive treatment-how can we improve survival? Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 10;70(8):1691-4.全文  摘要

41. Pullen MF, Kakooza F, Nalintya E, et al. Change in plasma cryptococcal antigen titer is not associated with survival among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons receiving preemptive therapy for asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 2;70(2):353-5.全文  摘要

42. Young EJ, Hirsh DD, Fainstein V, et al. Pleural effusions due to Cryptococcus neoformans: a review of the literature and report of two cases with cryptococcal antigen determinations. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980 Apr;121(4):743-7. 摘要

43. Chang WC, Tzao C, Hsu HH, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: comparison of clinical and radiographic characteristics in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Chest. 2006 Feb;129(2):333-40. 摘要

44. Piyavisetpat N, Chaowanapanja P. Radiographic manifestations of pulmonary cryptococcosis. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005 Nov;88(11):1674-9. 摘要

45. Charlier C, Dromer F, Leveque C, et al. Cryptococcal neuroradiological lesions correlate with severity during cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in HIV-positive patients in the HAART era. PLoS One. 2008 Apr 16;3(4):e1950.全文  摘要

46. Wehn SM, Heinz ER, Burger PC, et al. Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces in cryptococcal meningitis associated with AIDS: CT and MR findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1989 Sep-Oct;13(5):756-62. 摘要

47. Kambugu A, Meya DB, Rhein J, et al. Outcomes of cryptococcal meningitis in Uganda before and after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun 1;46(11):1694-701.全文  摘要

48. Bicanic T, Brouwer AE, Meintjes G, et al. Relationship of cerebrospinal fluid pressure, fungal burden and outcome in patients with cryptococcal meningitis undergoing serial lumbar punctures. AIDS. 2009 Mar 27;23(6):701-6. 摘要

49. Meda J, Kalluvya S, Downs JA, et al. Cryptococcal meningitis management in Tanzania with strict schedule of serial lumber punctures using intravenous tubing sets: an operational research study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Jun 1;66(2):e31-6. 摘要

50. Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al; American Thoracic Society. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan 1;183(1):96-128.全文  摘要

51. Rhein J, Huppler Hullsiek K, Tugume L, et al. Adjunctive sertraline for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Aug;19(8):843-51.全文  摘要

52. Botero Aguirre JP, Restrepo Hamid AM. Amphotericin B deoxycholate versus liposomal amphotericin B: effects on kidney function. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 23;(11):CD010481.全文  摘要

53. Jarvis JN, Dromer F, Harrison TS, et al. Managing cryptococcosis in the immunocompromised host. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008 Dec;21(6):596-603. 摘要

54. Lewis JS 2nd, Graybill JR. Fungicidal versus Fungistatic: what's in a word? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Apr;9(6):927-35. 摘要

55. Pursley TJ, Blomquist IK, Abraham J, et al. Fluconazole-induced congenital anomalies in three infants. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Feb;22(2):336-40. 摘要

56. Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1;50(3):291-322.全文  摘要

57. Brandt ME, Pfaller MA, Hajjeh RA, et al. Trends in antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in the United States: 1992 to 1994 and 1996 to 1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Nov;45(11):3065-9.全文  摘要

58. van der Horst C, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 3;337(1):15-21.全文  摘要

59. Thursky KA, Playford EG, Seymour JF, et al. Recommendations for the treatment of established fungal infections. Intern Med J. 2008 Jun;38(6b):496-520. 摘要

60. Tenforde MW, Shapiro AE, Rouse B, et al. Treatment for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 25;(7):CD005647.全文  摘要

61. Rajasingham R, Rolfes MA, Birkenkamp KE, et al. Cryptococcal meningitis treatment strategies in resource-limited settings: a cost-effectiveness analysis. PLoS Med. 2012 Sep 25;9(9):e1001316.全文  摘要

62. Boulware DR, Meya DB, Muzoora C, et al. Timing of antiretroviral therapy after diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 26;370(26):2487-98.全文  摘要

63. Eshun-Wilson I, Okwen MP, Richardson M, et al. Early versus delayed antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive people with cryptococcal meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 24;(7):CD009012.全文  摘要

64. Rolfes MA, Hullsiek KH, Rhein J, et al. The effect of therapeutic lumbar punctures on acute mortality from cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Dec 1;59(11):1607-14.全文  摘要

65. Bicanic T, Harrison T, Niepieklo A, et al. Symptomatic relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis after initial fluconazole monotherapy: the role of fluconazole resistance and immune reconstitution. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Oct 15;43(8):1069-73.全文  摘要

66. Pappas PG, Bustamante B, Ticona E, et al. Recombinant interferon-gamma 1b as adjunctive therapy for AIDS-related acute cryptococcal meningitis. J Infect Dis. 2004 Jun 15;189(12):2185-91. 摘要

67. Segal BH, Kwon-Chung J, Walsh TJ, et al. Immunotherapy for fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Feb 15;42(4):507-15. 摘要

68. Jarvis JN, Meintjes G, Rebe K, et al. Adjunctive interferon-γ immunotherapy for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomized controlled trial. AIDS. 2012 Jun 1;26(9):1105-13. 摘要

69. Oscarson S, Alpe M, Svahnberg P, et al. Synthesis and immunological studies of glycoconjugates of Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan oligosaccharide structures. Vaccine. 2005 Jun 10;23(30):3961-72. 摘要

70. Perfect JR, Marr KA, Walsh TJ, et al. Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 May 1;36(9):1122-31. 摘要

71. Raad II, Graybill JR, Bustamante AB, et al. Safety of long-term oral posaconazole use in the treatment of refractory invasive fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jun 15;42(12):1726-34. 摘要

72. Zonios DI, Falloon J, Huang CY, et al. Cryptococcosis and idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2007 Mar;86(2):78-92. 摘要

73. Boulware DR, Meya DB, Bergemann TL, et al. Clinical features and serum biomarkers in HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2010 Dec 21;7(12):e1000384.全文  摘要

74. Sungkanuparph S, Filler SG, Chetchotisakd P, et al. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Sep 15;49(6):931-4.全文  摘要

75. Jenny-Avital ER, Abadi M. Immune reconstitution cryptococcosis after initiation of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Dec 15;35(12):e128-33. 摘要

76. Singh N, Lortholary O, Alexander BD, et al. An immune reconstitution syndrome-like illness associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Jun 15;40(12):1756-61. 摘要

77. Wiesner DL, Boulware DR. Cryptococcus-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): pathogenesis and its clinical implications. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2011 Dec 1;5(4):252-61.全文  摘要

78. Atherton RR, Ellis J, Cresswell FV, et al. Ophthalmic signs in Ugandan adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a nested analysis of the ASTRO-CM cohort. Wellcome Open Res. 2018 Oct 12;3:80.全文  摘要

79. Ahimbisibwe C, Kwizera R, Ndyetukira JF, et al. Management of amphotericin-induced phlebitis among HIV patients with cryptococcal meningitis in a resource-limited setting: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Jun 26;19(1):558.全文  摘要

80. Parkes-Ratanshi R, Wakeham K, Levin J, et al. Primary prophylaxis of cryptococcal disease with fluconazole in HIV-positive Ugandan adults: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 Dec;11(12):933-41. 摘要