小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Chief
Colorectal Surgery
Department of Surgery
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Springfield
IL
利益声明
JR is the President of the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery.
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Department of Surgery
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Springfield
IL
利益声明
VPP declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Jan Rakinic and Dr V. Prasad Poola would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Scott A. Strong, Dr Mukta V. Krane, and Dr Alessandro Fichera, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
SAS, MVK, and AF declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery
University Hospital Case Medical Center
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
SS received a fee for educational courses on laparoscopic surgery, paid for in part by Covidien, Olympus, and Applied Medical.
Associate Professor of Pediatric Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh
PA
利益声明
DJH declares that he has no competing interests.
Consultant
Colorectal Surgeon
Addenbrookes Hospital
Cambridge
UK
利益声明
JW declares that he has no competing interests.
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