心动过缓

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Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Aug 20;74(7):e51-156.全文  摘要

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2. Spodick DH. Normal sinus heart rate: sinus tachycardia and sinus bradycardia redefined. Am Heart J. 1992 Oct;124(4):1119-21. 摘要

3. Mangrum JM, DiMarco JP. The evaluation and management of bradycardia. N Engl J Med. 2000 Mar 9;342(10):703-9. 摘要

4. Tresch DD, Fleg JL. Unexplained sinus bradycardia: clinical significance and long term prognosis in apparently healthy persons older than 40 years. Am J Cardiol. 1986 Nov 1;58(10):1009-13. 摘要

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6. Wu DL, Yeh SJ, Lin FC, et al. Sinus automaticity and sinoatrial conduction in severe symptomatic sick sinus syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992 Feb;19(2):355-64. 摘要

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18. Siontis GCM, Praz F, Lanz J, et al. New-onset arrhythmias following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2018 Jul;104(14):1208-1215.全文  摘要

19. Mangoni ME, Nargeot JL. Genesis and regulation of the heart automaticity. Physiol Rev. 2008 Jul;88(3):919-82. 摘要

20. Tisdale JE, Chung MK, Campbell KB, et al. Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Oct 13;142(15):e214-e233.全文  摘要

21. Griffiths C, Ioannou A, Dickinson B, et al. Drug-related bradycardia precipitating hospital admission in older adults: an ongoing problem. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2021 Feb 24. 摘要

22. Becker HF, Koehler U, Stammnitz A, et al. Heart block in patients with sleep apnoea. Thorax. 1998 Oct;53 Suppl 3:S29-32.全文  摘要

23. Garrigue S, Bordier P, Jaïs P, et al. Benefit of atrial pacing in sleep apnea syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):404-12.全文  摘要

24. Yeghiazarians Y, Jneid H, Tietjens JR, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Jul 20;144(3):e56-e67.全文  摘要

25. Mehra R, Chung MK, Olshansky B, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiac arrhythmias in adults: Mechanistic insights and clinical implications: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Aug 30;146(9):e119-36.全文  摘要

26. Carlson SK, Patel AR, Chang PM. Bradyarrhythmias in congenital heart disease. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2017 Jun;9(2):177-87. 摘要

27. Ackerman MJ, Priori SG, Willems S, et al; Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). HRS/EHRA expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for the channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. Heart Rhythm. 2011 Aug;8(8):1308-39.全文  摘要

28. Sanghavi M, Rutherford JD. Cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy. Circulation. 2014 Sep 16;130(12):1003-8.全文  摘要

29. Adamson DL, Nelson-Piercy C. Managing palpitations and arrhythmias during pregnancy. Heart. 2007 Dec;93(12):1630-6.全文  摘要

30. Monté CP, Monté CJ, Boon P, et al. Epileptic seizures associated with syncope: Ictal bradycardia and ictal asystole. Epilepsy Behav. 2019 Jan;90:168-171.全文  摘要

31. Zeltser D, Justo D, Halkin A, et al. Drug-induced atrioventricular block: prognosis after discontinuation of the culprit drug. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Jul 7;44(1):105-8. 摘要

32. Jones SA. Ageing to arrhythmias: conundrums of connections in the ageing heart. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;58(12):1571-6. 摘要

33. Kaszala K, Kalahasty G, Ellenbogen KA. Cardiac pacing in the elderly. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2006 Mar-Apr;15(2):77-81. 摘要

34. Jones SA, Boyett MR, Lancaster MK. Declining into failure: the age-dependent loss of the L-type calcium channel within the sinoatrial node. Circulation. 2007 Mar 13;115(10):1183-90.全文  摘要

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37. Aplin M, Engstrom T, Vejlstrup NG, et al. Prognostic importance of complete atrioventricular block complicating acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Oct 1;92(7):853-6. 摘要

38. Erkapic D, De Rosa S, Kelava A, et al. Risk for permanent pacemaker after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a comprehensive analysis of the literature. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012 Apr;23(4):391-7. 摘要

39. Nazif TM, Dizon JM, Hahn RT, et al; PARTNER Publications Office. Predictors and clinical outcomes of permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the PARTNER (Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valves) trial and registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015 Jan;8(1 Part A):60-9.全文  摘要

40. Nisbet AM, Burton FL, Walker NL, et al. Acidosis slows electrical conduction through the atrio-ventricular node. Front Physiol. 2014 Jun 25;5:233.全文  摘要

41. Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 14;42(35):3427-3520.全文  摘要

42. Eraut D, Shaw DB. Sinus bradycardia. Br Heart J. 1971 Sep;33(5):742-9.全文  摘要

43. Tilkian AG, Guilleminault C, Schroeder JS, et al. Sleep-induced apnea syndrome: prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and their reversal after tracheostomy. Am J Med. 1977 Sep;63(3):348-58. 摘要

44. Abbott JA, Hirschfeld DS, Kunkel FW, et al. Graded exercise testing in patients with sinus node dysfunction. Am J Med. 1977 Mar;62(3):330-8. 摘要

45. Benditt DG, Ermis C, Lu F. Head-up tilt table testing. In: Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds. Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2004:812-22.

46. Morillo CA, Camacho ME, Wood MA, et al. Diagnostic utility of mechanical, pharmacological and orthostatic stimulation of the carotid sinus in patients with unexplained syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Nov 1;34(5):1587-94. 摘要

47. Brignole M, Sutton R, Menozzi C, et al. Early application of an implantable loop recorder allows effective specific therapy in patients with recurrent suspected neurally mediated syncope. Eur Heart J. 2006 May;27(9):1085-92.全文  摘要

48. Krahn AD, Klein GJ, Yee R, et al. The high cost of syncope: cost implications of a new insertable loop recorder in the investigation of recurrent syncope. Am Heart J. 1999 May;137(5):870-7. 摘要

49. Englund A, Bergfeldt L, Rosenqvist M. Pharmacological stress testing of the His-Purkinje system in patients with bifascicular block. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1998 Oct;21(10):1979-87. 摘要

50. Scheinman MM, Peters RW, Suavé MJ, et al. Value of the H-Q interval in patients with bundle branch block and the role of prophylactic permanent pacing. Am J Cardiol. 1982 Dec;50(6):1316-22. 摘要

51. Menozzi C, Brignole M, Garcia-Civera R, et al; International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) Investigators. Mechanism of syncope in patients with heart disease and negative electrophysiologic test. Circulation. 2002 Jun 11;105(23):2741-5.全文  摘要

52. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Moya A, et al; International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) Investigators. Mechanism of syncope in patients with bundle branch block and negative electrophysiological test. Circulation. 2001 Oct 23;104(17):2045-50.全文  摘要

53. Stegman SS, Burroughs JM, Henthorn RW. Asymptomatic bradyarrhythmias as a marker for sleep apnea: appropriate recognition and treatment may reduce the need for pacemaker therapy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1996 Jun;19(6):899-904. 摘要

54. Kaushik V, Leon AR, Forrester JS Jr, et al. Bradyarrhythmias, temporary and permanent pacing. Crit Care Med. 2000 Oct;28(suppl 10):N121-8. 摘要

55. Gammage MD. Temporary cardiac pacing. Heart. 2000 Jun;83(6):715-20.全文  摘要

56. Benditt DG, Benson DW Jr, Kreitt J, et al. Electrophysiologic effects of theophylline in young patients with recurrent symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol. 1983 Dec 1;52(10):1223-9. 摘要

57. Sra JS, Jazayeri MR, Avitall B, et al. Comparison of cardiac pacing with drug therapy in the treatment of neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope with bradycardia or asystole. N Engl J Med. 1993 Apr 15;328(15):1085-90.全文  摘要

58. Sweeney MO, Hellkamp AS, Ellenbogen KA, et al. Adverse effect of ventricular pacing on heart failure and atrial fibrillation among patients with normal baseline QRS duration in a clinical trial of pacemaker therapy for sinus node dysfunction. Circulation. 2003 Jun 17;107(23):2932-7.全文  摘要

59. Gillis AM, Russo AM, Ellenbogen KA, et al. HRS/ACCF expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Aug 14;60(7):682-703.全文  摘要

60. Edwards SJ, Karner C, Trevor N, et al. Dual-chamber pacemakers for treating symptomatic bradycardia due to sick sinus syndrome without atrioventricular block: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015 Aug;19(65):1-210. 摘要

61. Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, et al; DAVID Trial Investigators. Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial. JAMA. 2002 Dec 25;288(24):3115-23.全文  摘要

62. Sweeney MO, Bank AJ, Nsah E, et al. Minimizing ventricular pacing to reduce atrial fibrillation in sinus-node disease. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 6;357(10):1000-8.全文  摘要

63. Curtis AB, Worley SJ, Adamson PB, et al. Biventricular pacing for atrioventricular block and systolic dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 25;368(17):1585-93.全文  摘要

64. Grubb BP. Neurocardiogenic syncope and related disorders of orthostatic intolerance. Circulation. 2005 Jun 7;111(22):2997-3006.全文  摘要

65. Grubb BP. Clinical practice: neurocardiogenic syncope. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):1004-10. 摘要

66. Theodorakis GN, Leftheriotis D, Livanis EG, et al. Fluoxetine vs. propranolol in the treatment of vasovagal syncope: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Europace. 2006 Mar;8(3):193-8.全文  摘要

67. Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, et al. 2018 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018 Jun 1;39(21):1883-948.全文  摘要

68. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Moya A, et al; International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology 3 (ISSUE-3) Investigators. Pacemaker therapy in patients with neurally mediated syncope and documented asystole. Third International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE-3): a randomized trial. Circulation. 2012 May 29;125(21):2566-71.全文  摘要

69. Gopinathannair R, Salgado BC, Olshansky B. Pacing for vasovagal syncope. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2018 Jun;7(2):95-102.全文  摘要

70. Su L, Wang S, Wu S, et al. Long-term safety and feasibility of left bundle branch pacing in a large single-center study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2021 Feb;14(2):e009261.全文  摘要