小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 慢性心境障碍需持续超过 2 年
- 抑郁症状出现在大多数日子里每一天的大多数时间
- 在过去 2 年(儿童或青少年为 1 年)没有出现过一段时间的情绪高涨
- 重性抑郁的症状可能持续出现 2 年或更长的时间
其他诊断因素
- 没有躁狂/轻症躁狂或精神分裂症的症状
- 不存在可能引起心境障碍的躯体疾病、药物使用或物质滥用
- 疲劳或精力不足
- 自卑
- 注意力不集中或犹豫不决
- 感到绝望
- 食欲不振或进食过量
- 睡眠障碍
危险因素
- 阳性家族史
- 女性
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 医学鉴定
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
- 甲状腺功能检测
- 生化检查
- 维生素 D
- 患者健康问卷 (PHQ-9)
- Beck抑郁量表 (BDI)
- 抑郁症状快速清单 (QIDS)
需考虑的检查
- 维生素 B12
- 尿液检查
- 心电图(ECG)
治疗流程
所有患者
撰稿人
作者
David J. Hellerstein, MD
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Columbia University Medical Center
Director, Depression Evaluation Service
New York State Psychiatric Institute
New York
NY
利益声明
DJH has received research grants (through the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene) from Compass Pathways, Relmada, Marinus, Intracellular Therapies, Beckley Foundation, and from Velocity Foundation (through Columbia University). DJH serves on scientific advisory board for Reset Pharmaceuticals. DJH has received royalties from Johns Hopkins University Press, and Columbia University Press.
鸣谢
Dr David J. Hellerstein would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr David L. Dunner, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
DLD has received grant support from Cyberonics. DLD has received fees for consulting from: Eli Lilly, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest, Cyberonics, Roche Diagnostics, Cypress, Corcept, Janssen, Novartis, Shire, Somerset, Otsuka, Healthcare Technology Sys, Jazz Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, and MedAvante. DLD is on the Speaker's Bureau for: Eli Lilly, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Organon, Jazz Pharma, Neuronetics, and Astra-Zeneca. DLD is an author of several references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Dean F. MacKinnon, MD
Associate Professor
John Hopkins University
Baltimore
MD
利益声明
DK declares that he has no competing interests.
James H. Kocsis, MD
Professor
Weill Cornell Medicine
New York
NY
利益声明
JK has professionally collaborated with the authors.
Neil Nixon, BSc, MMedSci, MBBS, FRCPsych
Associate Professor in Psychiatry
Institute of Mental Health
University of Nottingham
Nottingham
UK
利益声明
NN is a member of the current NICE GDG for depression in adults. NN has met with Jansen in a non-remunerative capacity. He has various research collaborations including a funded trial and is author on a number of papers.
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