小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 弓形腿
- 长骨末端膨大
- 牙齿萌出延迟和早期龋齿
- 胸部畸形
- 抽痛、疼痛性骨不适和/或易激惹
- 头部出汗
- 局部或者全身骨压痛
- 近端肌肉无力
- 串珠肋
- 额部隆起
- 摇摆步态
其他诊断因素
- 生长发育受限
- 达到运动发育里程碑的时间延迟
- 乏力和不适感
- 低钙血症症状
危险因素
- 日照不足
- 皮肤色素沉着加重
- 年龄>50 岁
- 膳食性和补充性维生素 D 摄入不足
- 吸收不良
- 肥胖
- 用药
- 基因突变
- 肿瘤
- 慢性肾病
- 肉芽肿性疾病
- 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症
- 甲状腺功能亢进症
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 血清 25 -羟基维生素 D
- 血清钙
- 空腹血清磷
- 血清碱性磷酸酶
- 膝关节和腕关节的 X 光平片
需考虑的检查
- 全段甲状旁腺激素 (PTH)
- 血清 1,25-二羟基维生素 D
- 骨密度(DEXA)扫描
治疗流程
不足症
缺乏症
撰稿人
作者
Michael F. Holick, PhD, MD
Director Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory
Director Ehlers-Danlos Clinical Research Programme
Professor of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics and Molecular Medicine
Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston
MA
利益声明
MFH has a clinical research contract and consultant for Solius Inc., clinical and basic research contract and grant from Carbogen-Amcis, and is a consultant for Faes Farma. He is a speaker for Pulse Ltd, Abbott Inc., Sanofi Inc., Menarini Inc., and a board member Bridge to Life. He also chaired the Endocrine Society’s practice guidelines on vitamin D. MFH is an author of references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Vin Tangpricha, PhD, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology
Metabolism and Lipids
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta
GA
利益声明
VT is an author of references cited in this topic.
Stefan Pilz, MD
General Practitioner
Resident at the Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine
Medical University of Graz
Graz
Austria
利益声明
SP is an author of references cited in this topic.
鉴别诊断
- 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进
- 多发性骨髓瘤
- 纤维肌痛症
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 维生素 D:在特定人群中使用的补剂
- 维生素 D 缺乏症
更多 指南患者教育信息
维生素 D 缺乏症
何为骨质疏松症?
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