扁平苔藓

Mehregan DA, Van Hale HM, Muller SA. Lichen planopilaris: clinical and pathologic study of forty-five patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992 Dec;27(6 Pt 1):935-42. 摘要

Scott MJ Jr, Scott MJ Sr. Ungual lichen planus: lichen planus of the nail. Arch Dermatol. 1979 Oct;115(10):1197-9. 摘要

Balasubramaniam P, Ogboli M, Moss C. Lichen planus in children: review of 26 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008 Jul;33(4):457-9. 摘要

Lodi G, Giuliani M, Majorana A, et al. Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus: a multicentre study of patients with oral lesions and a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2004 Dec;151(6):1172-81. 摘要

Usatine RP, Tinitigan M. Diagnosis and treatment of lichen planus. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Jul 1;84(1):53-60. 摘要

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 224: diagnosis and management of vulvar skin disorders. Jul 2020 [internet publication].全文  摘要

Edwards SK, Bates CM, Lewis F, et al. 2014 UK national guideline on the management of vulval conditions. Int J STD AIDS. 2015 Aug;26(9):611-24. 摘要

Chieregato C, Zini A, Barba A, et al. Lichen planopilaris: report of 30 cases and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol. 2003 May;42(5):342-5. 摘要

Scully C, Carrozzo M. Oral mucosal disease: Lichen planus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Jan;46(1):15-21. 摘要

Byrd JA, Davis MD, Bruce AJ, et al. Response of oral lichen planus to topical tacrolimus in 37 patients. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Dec;140(12):1508-12.全文  摘要

Cheng S, Kirtschig G, Cooper S, et al. Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(2):CD008092.全文  摘要

Lodi G, Carrozzo M, Furness S, et al. Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2012 May;166(5):938-47. 摘要

1. Pittelkow MR, Daoud MS. Lichen planus. In: Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, et al, eds. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. Vol One. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2008:244-255.

2. Boyd AS, Neldner KN. Lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991 Oct;25(4):593-619. 摘要

3. Dissemond J. Oral lichen planus: an overview. J Dermatolog Treat. 2004 Jun;15(3):136-40. 摘要

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6. Cevasco NC, Bergfeld WF, Remzi BK, et al. A case-series of 29 patients with lichen planopilaris: the Cleveland Clinic Foundation experience on evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Jul;57(1):47-53. 摘要

7. Scott MJ Jr, Scott MJ Sr. Ungual lichen planus: lichen planus of the nail. Arch Dermatol. 1979 Oct;115(10):1197-9. 摘要

8. Harewood GC, Murray JA, Cameron AJ. Esophageal lichen planus: the Mayo Clinic experience. Dis Esophagus. 1999;12(4):309-11. 摘要

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10. Rajeev S, Veena M, Mithilesh C. Unilateral multiple linear lichen planus along the lines of Blaschko: a report of two cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 1999;65:225-226.

11. Kabbash C, Laude TA, Weinberg JM, et al. Lichen planus in the lines of Blaschko. Pediatr Dermatol. 2002 Nov-Dec;19(6):541-5. 摘要

12. Mohrenschlager M, Engst R, Hein R, et al. Primary manifestations of a zosteriform lichen planus: isotopic response following herpes zoster sine herpete? Br J Dermatol. 2008 May;158(5):1145-6. 摘要

13. Kashima A, Tajiri A, Yamashita A, et al. Two Japanese cases of lichen planus pigmentosus-inversus. Int J Dermatol. 2007 Jul;46(7):740-2. 摘要

14. Peretz E, Grunwald MH, Halevy S. Annular plaque on the face. Actinic lichen planus (ALP). Arch Dermatol. 1999 Dec;135(12):1543, 1546. 摘要

15. Morales-Callaghan A Jr, Martinez G, Aragoneses H, et al. Annular atrophic lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 May;52(5):906-8. 摘要

16. Akay BN, Arslan A, Cekirge S, et al. The first reported case of lichen planus following inactivated influenza vaccination. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007 May;6(5):536-8. 摘要

17. Agrawal A, Shenoi SD. Lichen planus secondary to hepatitis B vaccination. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2004 Jul-Aug;70(4):234-5.全文  摘要

18. Copeman PW, Schroeter AL, Kierland RR. An unusual variant of lupus erythematosus or lichen planus. Br J Dermatol. 1970 Aug;83(2):269-72. 摘要

19. Nagao K, Chen KR. A case of lupus erythematosus/lichen planus overlap syndrome. J Dermatol. 2006 Mar;33(3):187-90. 摘要

20. Pandhi D, Singal A, Bhattacharya SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014 Jan-Feb;31(1):59-67. 摘要

21. Balasubramaniam P, Ogboli M, Moss C. Lichen planus in children: review of 26 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008 Jul;33(4):457-9. 摘要

22. Katta R. Lichen planus. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jun 1;61(11):3319-24,全文  摘要

23. Bhattacharya A, Kaur I, Kumar B. Lichen planus: a clinical and epidemiological study. J Dermatol. 2000 Sep;27(9):576-82. 摘要

24. Lodi G, Giuliani M, Majorana A, et al. Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus: a multicentre study of patients with oral lesions and a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2004 Dec;151(6):1172-81. 摘要

25. Kazandjieva J, Tsankov N. Tattoos: dermatological complications. Clin Dermatol. 2007 Jul-Aug;25(4):375-82. 摘要

26. Yiannias JA, el-Azhary RA, Hand JH, et al. Relevant contact sensitivities in patients with the diagnosis of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Feb;42(2 Pt 1):177-82. 摘要

27. Sklavounou-Andrikopoulou A, Chrysomali E, Iakovou M, et al. Elevated serum levels of the apoptosis related molecules TNF-alpha, Fas/Apo-1 and Bcl-2 in oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004 Aug;33(7):386-90. 摘要

28. Rhodus NL, Cheng B, Ondrey F. Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio in tissue transudates from patients with oral lichen planus. Mediators Inflamm. 2007;2007:19854.全文  摘要

29. Wenzel J , Tuting T. An IFN-associated cytotoxic cellular immune response against viral, self-, or tumor antigens is a common pathogenetic feature in "interface dermatitis". J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Oct;128(10):2392-402. 摘要

30. Norris DA. Cytokine modulation of adhesion molecules in the regulation of immunologic cytotoxicity of epidermal targets. J Invest Dermatol. 1990 Dec;95(6 Suppl):111S-120S. 摘要

31. Chen X, Liu Z, Yue Q. The expression of TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 in lesions of lichen planus and its implication. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2007 Dec;27(6):739-41. 摘要

32. Bennion SD, Middleton MH, David-Bajar KM, et al. In three types of interface dermatitis, different patterns of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) indicate different triggers of disease. J Invest Dermatol. 1995 Jul;105(1 Suppl):71S-79S. 摘要

33. Hussein MR. Evaluation of angiogenesis in normal and lichen planus skin by CD34 protein immunohistochemistry: preliminary findings. Cell Biol Int. 2007 Oct;31(10):1292-5. 摘要

34. Daoud MS, Gibson LE, Daoud S, et al. Chronic hepatitis C and skin diseases: a review. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995 Jun;70(6):559-64. 摘要

35. Chainani-Wu N, Lozada-Nur F, Terrault N. Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: a review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004 Aug;98(2):171-83. 摘要

36. Jin X, Wang J, Zhu L, et al. Association between -308 G/A polymorphism in TNF-α gene and lichen planus: a meta-analysis. J Dermatol Sci. 2012 Dec;68(3):127-34. 摘要

37. Manolache L, Seceleanu-Petrescu D, Benea V. Lichen planus patients and stressful events. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Apr;22(4):437-41. 摘要

38. Usatine RP, Tinitigan M. Diagnosis and treatment of lichen planus. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Jul 1;84(1):53-60. 摘要

39. Asarch A, Gottlieb AB, Lee J, et al. Lichen planus-like eruptions: an emerging side effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Jul;61(1):104-11. 摘要

40. Halevy S, Shai A. Lichenoid drug eruptions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993 Aug;29(2 Pt 1):249-55. 摘要

41. Vazquez-Lopez F, Gomez-Diez S, Sanchez J, et al. Dermoscopy of active lichen planus. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Aug;143(8):1092. 摘要

42. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 224: diagnosis and management of vulvar skin disorders. Jul 2020 [internet publication].全文  摘要

43. Edwards SK, Bates CM, Lewis F, et al. 2014 UK national guideline on the management of vulval conditions. Int J STD AIDS. 2015 Aug;26(9):611-24. 摘要

44. Kulthanan K, Jiamton S, Varothai S, et al. Direct immunofluorescence study in patients with lichen planus. Int J Dermatol. 2007 Dec;46(12):1237-41. 摘要

45. Fellner MJ. Lichen planus. Int J Dermatol. 1980 Mar;19(2):71-5. 摘要

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47. Thongprasom K, Carrozzo M, Furness S, et al. Interventions for treating oral lichen planus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD001168. 摘要

48. Kellet JK, Ead RD. Treatment of lichen planus with short course of oral prednisolone. Br J Dermatol. 1990 Oct;123(4):550-1. 摘要

49. Laurberg G, Geiger JM, Hjorth N, et al. Treatment of lichen planus with acitretin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 65 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991 Mar;24(3):434-7. 摘要

50. Pavlotsky F, Nathansohn N, Kriger G, et al. Ultraviolet-B treatment for cutaneous lichen planus: our experience with 50 patients. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2008 Apr;24(2):83-6. 摘要

51. Saricaoglu H, Karadogan SK, Baskan EB, et al. Narrowband UVB therapy in the treatment of lichen planus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2003 Oct;19(5):265-7. 摘要

52. Taneja A, Taylor CR. Narrow-band UVB for lichen planus treatment. Int J Dermatol. 2002 May;41(5):282-3. 摘要

53. Gonzalez E, Momtaz-T K, Freedman S. Bilateral comparison of generalized lichen planus treated with psoralens and ultraviolet A. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984 Jun;10(6):958-61. 摘要

54. Pigatto PD, Chiappino G, Bigardi A, et al. Cyclosporin A for treatment of severe lichen planus. Br J Dermatol. 1990 Jan;122(1):121-3. 摘要

55. Ho VC, Gupta AK, Ellis CN, et al. Treatment of severe lichen planus with cyclosporine. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Jan;22(1):64-8. 摘要

56. Massa MC, Rogers RS 3rd. Griseofulvin therapy of lichen planus. Acta Derm Venereol. 1981;61(6):547-50. 摘要

57. Shelley WB, Shelley ED. Urinary tract infection as a cause of lichen planus: metronidazole therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984 May;10(5 Pt 2):905-7. 摘要

58. Büyük AY, Kavala M. Oral metronidazole treatment of lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Aug;43(2 Pt 1):260-2. 摘要

59. Wahba-Yahav AV. Idiopathic lichen planus: treatment with metronidazole. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Aug;33(2 Pt 1):301-2. 摘要

60. Bauza A, Espana A, Gil P, et al. Successful treatment of lichen planus with sulfasalazine in 20 patients. Int J Dermatol. 2005 Feb;44(2):158-62. 摘要

61. Verma KK, Sirka CS, Khaitan BK. Generalized severe lichen planus treated with azathioprine. Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 Nov;79(6):493. 摘要

62. Verma KK, Mittal R, Manchanda Y. Azathioprine for the treatment of severe erosive oral and generalized lichen planus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2001 Oct-Nov;81(5):378-9. 摘要

63. Lear JT, English JSC. Erosive and generalized lichen planus responsive to azathioprine. Br J Dermatol. 1996 Jan;21(1):56-7. 摘要

64. Nousari HC, Goyal S, Anhalt GJ. Successful treatment of resistant hypertrophic and bullous lichen planus with mycophenolate mofetil. Arch Dermatol. 1999 Nov;135(11):1420-1. 摘要

65. Turan H, Baskan EB, Tunali S, et al. Methotrexate for the treatment of generalized lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Jan;60(1):164-6. 摘要

66. Hazra SC, Choudhury AM, Khondker L, et al. Comparative efficacy of methotrexate and mini pulse betamethasone in the treatment of lichen planus. Mymensingh Med J. 2013 Oct;22(4):787-97. 摘要

67. Assouly P, Reygagne P. Lichen planopilaris: update on diagnosis and treatment. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2009 Mar;28(1):3-10. 摘要

68. Kang H, Alzolibani AA, Otberg N, et al. Lichen planopilaris. Dermatol Ther. 2008 Jul-Aug;21(4):249-56. 摘要

69. Chieregato C, Zini A, Barba A, et al. Lichen planopilaris: report of 30 cases and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol. 2003 May;42(5):342-5. 摘要

70. Mirmirani P, Willey A, Price VH. Short course of oral cyclosporine in lichen planopilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Oct;49(4):667-71. 摘要

71. Tursen U, Api H, Kaya T, et al. Treatment of lichen planopilaris with mycophenolate mofetil. Dermatol Online J. 2004 Jul 15;10(1):24. 摘要

72. Scully C, Carrozzo M. Oral mucosal disease: Lichen planus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Jan;46(1):15-21. 摘要

73. Reddy RL, Reddy RS, Ramesh T, et al. Randomized trial of aloe vera gel vs triamcinolone acetonide ointment in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Quintessence Int. 2012 Oct;43(9):793-800. 摘要

74. Davari P, Hsiao HH, Fazel N. Mucosal lichen planus: an evidence-based treatment update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2014 Jul;15(3):181-95. 摘要

75. Ho J, Hantash BM. Systematic review of current systemic treatment options for erosive lichen planus. Expert Review of Dermatology. 2012;7:269-82.全文

76. Carbone M, Conrotto D, Carrozzo M, et al. Topical corticosteroids in association with miconazole and chlorhexidine in the long-term management of atrophic-erosive oral lichen planus: a placebo-controlled and comparative study between clobetasol and fluocinonide. Oral Dis. 1999 Jan;5(1):44-9. 摘要

77. Lozada-Nur F, Miranda C, Maliksi R. Double-blind clinical trial of 0.05% clobetasol propionate (corrected from proprionate) ointment in orabase and 0.05% fluocinonide ointment in orabase in the treatment of patients with oral vesiculoerosive diseases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994 Jun;77(6):598-604. 摘要

78. Thongprasom K, Luengvisut P, Wongwatanakij A, et al. Clinical evaluation in treatment of oral lichen planus with topical fluocinolone acetonide: a 2-year follow-up. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003 Jul;32(6):315-22. 摘要

79. Tyldesley WR, Harding SM. Betamethasone valerate aerosol in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Br J Dermatol. 1977 Jun;96(6):659-62. 摘要

80. Voute AB, Schulten EA, Langendijk PN, et al. Fluocinonide in an adhesive base for treatment of oral lichen planus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993 Feb;75(2):181-5. 摘要

81. Boisnic S, Licu D, Ben Slama L, et al. Topical retinaldehyde treatment in oral lichen planus and leukoplakia. Int J Tissue React. 2002;24(4):123-30. 摘要

82. Buajeeb W, Kraivaphan P, Pobrurksa C. Efficacy of topical retinoic acid compared with topical fluocinolone acetonide in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997 Jan;83(1):21-5. 摘要

83. Giustina TA, Stewart JC, Ellis CN, et al. Topical application of isotretinoin gel improves oral lichen planus: a double-blind study. Arch Dermatol. 1986 May;122(5):534-6. 摘要

84. Hersle K, Mobacken H, Sloberg K, et al. Severe oral lichen planus: treatment with an aromatic retinoid (etretinate). Br J Dermatol. 1982 Jan;106(1):77-80. 摘要

85. Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Grassi R, et al. Oral lichen planus: a preliminary clinical study on treatment with tazarotene. Oral Dis. 2002 Nov;8(6):291-5. 摘要

86. Sloberg K, Hersle K, Mobacken H, et al. Severe oral lichen planus: remission and maintenance with vitamin A analogues. J Oral Pathol. 1983 Dec;12(6):473-7. 摘要

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88. Petruzzi M, Lucchese A, Lajolo C, et al. Topical retinoids in oral lichen planus treatment: an overview. Dermatology. 2013;226(1):61-7. 摘要

89. Samycia M, Lin AN. Efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitors in lichen planus. J Cutan Med Surg. 2012 Jul-Aug;16(4):221-9. 摘要

90. Al Johani KA, Hegarty AM, Porter SR, et al. Calcineurin inhibitors in oral medicine. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Nov;61(5):829-40. 摘要

91. Byrd JA, Davis MD, Bruce AJ, et al. Response of oral lichen planus to topical tacrolimus in 37 patients. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Dec;140(12):1508-12.全文  摘要

92. Hodgson TA, Sahni N, Kaliakatsou F, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus in the management of ulcerative/erosive oral lichen planus. Eur J Dermatol. 2003 Sep-Oct;13(5):466-70. 摘要

93. Kaliakatsou F, Hodgson TA, Lewsey JD, et al. Management of recalcitrant ulcerative oral lichen planus with topical tacrolimus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Jan;46(1):35-41. 摘要

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95. Olivier V, Lacour JP, Mousnier A, et al. Treatment of chronic erosive oral lichen planus with low concentrations of topical tacrolimus: an open prospective study. Arch Dermatol. 2002 Oct;138(10):1335-8.全文  摘要

96. Rozycki TW, Rogers RS 3rd, Pittelkow MR, et al. Topical tacrolimus in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: a series of 13 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Jan;46(1):27-34. 摘要

97. Volz T, Caroli U, Ludtke H, et al. Pimecrolimus cream 1% in erosive oral lichen planus – a prospective randomized double blind vehicle controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Sep;159(4):936-41. 摘要

98. Radfar L, Wild RC, Suresh L. A comparative treatment study of topical tacrolimus and clobetasol in oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Feb;105(2):187-93. 摘要

99. Dissemond J. Pimecrolimus in an adhesive ointment is safe and effective in long-term treatment for oral lichen planus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Aug;22(8):1009-11. 摘要

100. Day I, Lin AN. Use of pimecrolimus cream in disorders other than atopic dermatitis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2008 Jan-Feb;12(1):17-26. 摘要

101. Cheng S, Kirtschig G, Cooper S, et al. Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(2):CD008092.全文  摘要

102. Lodi G, Carrozzo M, Furness S, et al. Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2012 May;166(5):938-47. 摘要

103. Jin X, Lu S, Xing X, et al. Thalidomide: features and potential significance in oral precancerous conditions and oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med. 2013 May;42(5):355-62. 摘要

104. van der Meijden WI, Boffa MJ, Ter Harmsel B, et al. 2021 European guideline for the management of vulval conditions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022 Jul;36(7):952-72.全文  摘要

105. Goldstein AT, Thaci D, Luger T. Topical calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of vulvar dermatoses. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009 Sep;146(1):22-9. 摘要

106. Abell E, Samman PD. Intradermal triamcinolone treatment of nail dystrophies. Br J Dermatol. 1973 Aug;89(2):191-7. 摘要

107. Tosti A, Peluso AM, Fanti PA, et al. Nail lichen planus: clinical and pathological study of twenty-four patients. J Am Acad Derm. 1993 May;28(5 Pt 1):724-30. 摘要

108. Ekelem C, Juhasz M, Khera P, et al. Utility of Naltrexone Treatment for Chronic Inflammatory Dermatologic Conditions: A Systematic Review. JAMA Dermatol. 2019 Feb 1;155(2):229-36.全文  摘要

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110. Cooper SM, Wojnarowska F. Influence of treatment of erosive lichen planus of the vulva on its prognosis. Arch Dermatol. 2006 Mar;142(3):289-94.全文  摘要

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112. Day T, Wilkinson E, Rowan D, et al. Clinicopathologic diagnostic criteria for vulvar lichen planus. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020 Jul;24(3):317-29.全文  摘要