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Seiden AM, Duncan HJ. The diagnosis of a conductive olfactory loss. Laryngoscope. 2001 Jan;111(1):9-14. 摘要

Harris R, Davidson TM, Murphy C, et al. Clinical evaluation and symptoms of chemosensory impairment: 1000 consecutive cases from the nasal dysfunction clinic in San Diego. Am J Rhinol. 2006 Jan-Feb;20(1):101-8. 摘要

Hummel T, Lötsch J. Prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Apr;136(4):347-51.全文  摘要

Duncan HJ, Seiden AM. Long-term follow-up of olfactory loss secondary to head trauma and upper respiratory tract infection. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995 Oct;121(10):1183-7. 摘要

Goodspeed RB, Gent JF, Catalanotto FA. Chemosensory dysfunction. Clinical evaluation results from a taste and smell clinic. Postgrad Med. 1987 Jan;81(1):251-7. 摘要

Amoore JE. Effects of chemical exposure on olfaction in humans. In: Barrow CS, ed. Toxicology of the nasal passages. Washington. DC: Hemisphere Publishing; 1986;263-73.

Seiden AM. The initial assessment of patients with taste and smell disorders. In: Seiden AM, ed. Taste and smell disorders. New York, NY: Thieme; 1997:4-19.

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6. Seiden AM, Duncan HJ. The diagnosis of a conductive olfactory loss. Laryngoscope. 2001 Jan;111(1):9-14. 摘要

7. Hoekman PK, Houlton JJ, Seiden AM. The utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic evaluation of idiopathic olfactory loss. Laryngoscope. 2014 Feb;124(2):365-8. 摘要

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10. Harris R, Davidson TM, Murphy C, et al. Clinical evaluation and symptoms of chemosensory impairment: 1000 consecutive cases from the nasal dysfunction clinic in San Diego. Am J Rhinol. 2006 Jan-Feb;20(1):101-8. 摘要

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13. Hummel T, Lötsch J. Prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Apr;136(4):347-51.全文  摘要

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15. Duncan HJ, Seiden AM. Long-term follow-up of olfactory loss secondary to head trauma and upper respiratory tract infection. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995 Oct;121(10):1183-7. 摘要

16. Cavazzana A, Larsson M, Münch M, et al. Postinfectious olfactory loss: a retrospective study on 791 patients. Laryngoscope. 2018 Jan;128(1):10-5. 摘要

17. DiNardo LJ, Costanzo RM. Postraumatic olfactory loss. In: Seiden AM, ed. Taste and smell disorders. New York, NY: Thieme; 1997:79-87.

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19. Goodspeed RB, Gent JF, Catalanotto FA. Chemosensory dysfunction. Clinical evaluation results from a taste and smell clinic. Postgrad Med. 1987 Jan;81(1):251-7. 摘要

20. Kern RC. Chronic sinusitis and anosmia: pathologic changes in the olfactory mucosa. Laryngoscope. 2000 Jul;110(7):1071-7. 摘要

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23. Kohli P, Naik AN, Harruff EE, et al. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2017;127:309-20. 摘要

24. Kohli P, Naik AN, Farhood Z, et al. Olfactory outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Dec;155(6):936-48. 摘要

25. Amoore JE. Effects of chemical exposure on olfaction in humans. In: Barrow CS, ed. Toxicology of the nasal passages. Washington. DC: Hemisphere Publishing; 1986;263-73.

26. Upadhyay UD, Holbrook EH. Olfactory loss as a result of toxic exposure. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 2004 Dec;37(6):1185-207. 摘要

27. Ajmani GS, Suh HH, Pinto JM. Effects of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure on Olfaction: A Review. Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Nov;124(11):1683-1693.全文  摘要

28. Jafek BW, Linschoten MR, Murrow BW. Anosmia after intranasal zinc gluconate use. Am J Rhinol. 2004 May-Jun;18(3):137-41. 摘要

29. Alexander TH, Davidson TM. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2006 Feb;116(2):217-20. 摘要

30. Schiffman SS. Drugs influencing taste and smell perception. In: Getchell TV, Doty RL, Bartoshuk LM, et al, eds. Smell and taste in health and disease. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1991: 845-50.

31. Comeau TB, Epstein JB, Migas C. Taste and smell dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy: a review of current knowledge. Support Care Cancer. 2001 Nov;9(8):575-80. 摘要

32. Ophir D, Guterman A, Gross-Isseroff R. Changes in smell acuity induced by radiation exposure of the olfactory mucosa. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988 Aug;114(8):853-5. 摘要

33. Hosemann W, Gode U, Wigand ME. Indications, technique, and results of endonasal endoscopic ethmoidectomy. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1993;47(1):73-83. 摘要

34. Kovacs T. Mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res Rev. 2004 Apr;3(2):215-32. 摘要

35. Dintica CS, Marseglia A, Rizzuto D, et al. Impaired olfaction is associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in the brain. Neurology. 2019 Feb 12;92(7):e700-e709.全文  摘要

36. Devanand DP, Michaels-Marston KS, Liu X, et al. Olfactory deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment predict Alzheimer's disease at follow-up. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;157(9):1399-405. 摘要

37. Wilson RS, Arnold SE, Buchman AS, et al. Odor identification and progression of parkinsonian signs in older persons. Exp Aging Res. 2008 Jul-Sep;34(3):173-87. 摘要

38. Iannilli E, Stephan L, Hummel T, et al. Olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease is a consequence of central nervous system decline. J Neurol. 2017 Jun;264(6):1236-46. 摘要

39. Gottschlich S, Ambrosch P, Kramkowski D, et al. Head and neck manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. Rhinology. 2006 Dec;44(4):227-33. 摘要

40. Getchell ML, Melbert TK. Olfactory mucus secretions. In: Getchell TV, Doty RL, Bartoshuk LM, et al, eds. Smell and taste in health and disease. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1991:83-95.

41. John H, Schmid C. Kallmann's syndrome: clues to clinical diagnosis. Int J Impot Res. 2000 Apr;12(2):121-3. 摘要

42. Hamilton BE, Weissman JL. Imaging of chemosensory loss. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 2004 Dec;37(6):1255-80. 摘要

43. Seiden AM. The initial assessment of patients with taste and smell disorders. In: Seiden AM, ed. Taste and smell disorders. New York, NY: Thieme; 1997:4-19.

44. Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M. Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav. 1984;32:489-502. 摘要

45. Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, et al. "Sniffin' sticks": olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses. 1997 Feb;22(1):39-52. 摘要

46. Frank RA, Gesteland RC, Bailie J, et al. Characterization of the Sniff Magnitude Test. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 May;132(5):532-6. 摘要

47. Davidson TM, Murphy C. Rapid clinical evaluation of anosmia: the alcohol sniff test. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997 Jun;123(6):591-4. 摘要

48. Ikeda K, Sakurada T, Suzaki Y, et al. Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid treatment for anosmia with nasal and paranasal sinus disease. Rhinology. 1995 Sep;33(3):162-5. 摘要

49. Mott A, Cain W, Lafreniere D, et al. Topical corticosteroid treatment of anosmia associated with nasal and sinus disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997 Apr;123(4):367-72. 摘要

50. Schwartzbauer HR, Tami TA. Ear, nose, and throat manifestations of sarcoidosis. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2003;36:673-684. 摘要

51. Hentschel SJ, DeMonte F. Olfactory groove meningiomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2003 Jun 15;14(6):e4. 摘要