阴道分泌物评估

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. Jul 2021 [internet publication].全文

Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, et al. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. Int J STD AIDS. 2018 Nov;29(13):1258-72. 摘要

Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2018 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Aug 31;67(6):e1-94.全文  摘要

1. Watson LJ, James KE, Hatoum Moeller IJ, et al. Vulvovaginal discomfort is common in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2019 Apr;23(2):164-9. 摘要

2. Foxman B, Marsh JV, Gillespie B, et al. Frequency and response to vaginal symptoms among white and African American women: Results of a random digit dialing survey. J Womens Health. 1998 Nov;7(9):1167-74. 摘要

3. Patel V, Pednekar S, Weiss H, et al. Why do women complain of vaginal discharge? A population survey of infectious and pyschosocial risk factors in a South Asian community. Int J Epidemiol. 2005 Aug;34(4):853-62.全文  摘要

4. Hillier SL, Austin M, Macio I, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of vaginal discharge syndromes in community practice settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 May 4;72(9):1538-43.全文  摘要

5. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antenatal care. Aug 2021 [internet publication].全文

6. da Fonseca TM, Cesar JA, Mendoza-Sassi RA, et al. Pathological vaginal discharge among pregnant women: pattern of occurrence and association in a population-based survey. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2013;2013:590416.全文  摘要

7. Prasad D, Parween S, Kumari K, et al. Prevalence, etiology, and associated symptoms of vaginal discharge during pregnancy in women seen in a tertiary care hospital in Bihar. Cureus. 2021 Jan 14;13(1):e12700.全文  摘要

8. Cesar JA, Mendoza-Sassi RA, González-Chica DA, et al. Prevalence of self-reported vaginal discharge and associated factors in pregnant women [in Portuguese]. Cad Saude Publica. 2009 Dec;25(12):2705-14.全文  摘要

9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. Jul 2021 [internet publication].全文

10. Mitchell H. Vaginal discharge-causes, diagnosis, and treatment. BMJ. 2004 May 29;328(7451):1306-8.全文  摘要

11. Sobel JD. Vulvovaginitis in healthy women. Compr Ther. 1999 Jun-Jul;25(6-7):335-46. 摘要

12. Sobel JD. Pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Curr Inf Dis Rep. 2002 Dec;4(6):514-9. 摘要

13. Goje O, Munoz JL. Vulvovaginitis: find the cause to treat it. Cleve Clin J Med. 2017 Mar;84(3):215-24.全文  摘要

14. Angelou K, Grigoriadis T, Diakosavvas M, et al. The genitourinary syndrome of menopause: an overview of the recent data. Cureus. 2020 Apr 8;12(4):e7586.全文  摘要

15. Koumans EH, Sternberg M, Bruce C, et al. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; associations with symptoms, sexual behaviors, and reproductive health. Sex Transm Dis. 2007 Nov;34(11):864-9. 摘要

16. Hoffmann JN, You HM, Hedberg EC, et al. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and Candida among postmenopausal women in the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014 Nov;69 Suppl 2(suppl 2):S205-14.全文  摘要

17. Peebles K, Velloza J, Balkus JE, et al. High global burden and costs of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2019 May;46(5):304-11.全文  摘要

18. Fredricks DN, Fiedler TL, Marrazzo JM. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 3;353(18):1899-911.全文  摘要

19. Hill GB. The microbiology of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Aug;169(2 Pt 2):450-4. 摘要

20. Hay P. Recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2000 Dec;2(6):506-12. 摘要

21. Sobel JD, Kaur N, Woznicki NA, et al. Prognostic indicators of recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2019 May;57(5):e00227-19.全文  摘要

22. Schwebke J, Desmond R. A randomized trial of metronidazole in asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis to prevent the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jun;196(6):517;e1-6.全文  摘要

23. Peipert J, Montagno AB, Cooper AS, et al. Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for upper genital tract infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Nov;177(5):1184-7. 摘要

24. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. UK National guideline for the management of bacterial vaginosis. 2012 [internet publication].全文

25. Taha TE, Hoover DR, Dallabetta GA, et al. Bacterial vaginosis and disturbances of vaginal flora: association with increased acquisition of HIV. AIDS. 1998 Sep 10;12(13):1699-706. 摘要

26. Sena AC, Miller WC, Hobbs MM, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis infection in male sexual partners: implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 1;44(1):13-22. 摘要

27. Vutyavanich T, Pongsuthirak P, Vannareumol P, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of tinidazole treatment of the sexual partners of females with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Oct;82(4 Pt 1):550-4. 摘要

28. Leitich H, Bodner-Adler B, Brunbauer M, et al. Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for preterm delivery: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;189(1):139-47. 摘要

29. Hillier SL, Nugent RP, Eschenbach DA, et al. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 28;333(26):1737-42.全文  摘要

30. Brocklehurst P, Gordon A, Heatley E, et al. Antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD000262.全文  摘要

31. Klebanoff MA, Schuit E, Lamont RF, et al. Antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis to prevent preterm delivery: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2023 Mar;37(3):239-51.全文  摘要

32. Kahwati LC, Clark R, Berkman N, et al. Screening for bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents and women to prevent preterm delivery: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7;323(13):1293-1309.全文  摘要

33. Kahwati LC, Clark R, Berkman ND, et al. Screening for bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents and women to prevent preterm delivery [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2020 Apr. Report No.: 19-05259-EF-1.全文  摘要

34. Anderson MR, Klink K, Cohrssen A. Evaluation of vaginal complaints. JAMA. 2004 Mar 17;291(11):1368-79. 摘要

35. Kreisel KM, Spicknall IH, Gargano JW, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2018. Sex Transm Dis. 2021 Apr 1;48(4):208-14.全文  摘要

36. Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, et al. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ. 2019 Aug 1;97(8):548-62P.全文  摘要

37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ​Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are very common and costly to the nation’s health and economy. Jan 2021 [internet publication].全文

38. Krieger JN. Urologic aspects of trichomoniasis. Invest Urol. 1981 May;18(8):411-7. 摘要

39. Sherrard J, Pitt R, Hobbs KR, et al. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) United Kingdom national guideline on the management of Trichomonas vaginalis 2021. Int J STD AIDS. 2022 Jul;33(8):740-50. 摘要

40. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, et al. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. Int J STD AIDS. 2018 Nov;29(13):1258-72. 摘要

41. Røttingen JA, Cameron DW, Garnett GP. A systematic review of the epidemiologic interactions between classic sexually transmitted diseases and HIV: how much really is known? Sex Transm Dis. 2001 Oct;28(10):579-97.全文  摘要

42. Wang CC, McClelland RS, Reilly M, et al. The effect of treatment of vaginal infections on shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis. 2001 Apr 1;183(7):1017-22.全文  摘要

43. Kissinger P, Amedee A, Clark RA, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis treatment reduces vaginal HIV-1 shedding. Sex Transm Dis. 2009 Jan;36(1):11-6.全文  摘要

44. Sobel JD. Vaginal infections in adult women. Med Clin North Am. 1990 Nov;74(6):1573-602. 摘要

45. Yano J, Sobel JD, Nyirjesy P, et al. Current patient perspectives of vulvovaginal candidiasis: incidence, symptoms, management and post-treatment outcomes. BMC Womens Health. 2019 Mar 29;19(1):48.全文  摘要

46. Ferris DG, Nyirjesy P, Sobel JD, et al. Over-the-counter antifungal drug misuse associated with patient-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis. Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Mar;99(3):419-25. 摘要

47. De Leon EM, Jacober SJ, Sobel JD, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. BMC Infect Dis. 2002 Jan 30;2:1. 摘要

48. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Candida - female genital: what are the risk factors? July 2022 [internet publication].全文

49. Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, et al. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Nov;92(5):757-65. 摘要

50. Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, et al. 2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022 May;36(5):641-50. 摘要

51. Sobel JD. Vaginitis. N Engl J Med. 1997 Dec 25;337(26):1896-903. 摘要

52. Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Vaneechoutte M, et al. Group A streptococcal vaginitis: an unrecognized cause of vaginal symptoms in adult women. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 Jul;284(1):95-8. 摘要

53. Yirenya-Tawiah D, Amoah C, Apea-Kubi KA, et al. A survey of female genital schistosomiasis of the lower reproductive tract in the Volta basin of Ghana. Ghana Med J. 2011 Mar;45(1):16-21.全文  摘要

54. Foda AA, El-Malky MM. Prevalence of genital tract infection with Entamoeba gingivalis among copper T 380A intrauterine device users in Egypt. Contraception. 2012 Jan;85(1):108-12. 摘要

55. Rodrigues AC, Teixeira R, Teixeira T, et al. Impact of pelvic radiotherapy on female sexuality. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012 Feb;285(2):505-14. 摘要

56. Baessler K, Hewson AD, Tunn R, et al. Severe mesh complications following intravaginal slingplasty. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Oct;106(4):713-6. 摘要

57. US Food and Drug Administration. Urogynecologic surgical mesh implants. Aug 2021 [internet publication].全文

58. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA's activities: urogynecologic surgical mesh. Oct 2022 [internet publication].全文

59. NHS Improvement and NHS England. Vaginal mesh: high vigilance restriction period. Provider Bulletin. 11 Jul 2018 [internet publication].全文

60. NHS Improvement and NHS England. Extension of pause on the use of vaginal mesh. 29 Mar 2019 [internet publication].全文

61. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Pause on the use of vaginally inserted surgical mesh for stress urinary incontinence. Jul 2018 [internet publication].全文

62. NHS Resolution​. Vaginal mesh: what is a vaginal mesh implant? Oct 2022 [internet publication].全文

63. Sanfilippo JS, Wakim NG. Bleeding and vulvovaginitis in the pediatric age group. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Sep;30(3):653-61. 摘要

64. McGreal S, Wood P. Recurrent vaginal discharge in children. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2013 Aug;26(4):205-8. 摘要

65. Jaquiery A, Stylianopoulos A, Hogg G, et al. Vulvovaginitis: clinical features, aetiology, and microbiology of the genital tract. Arch Dis Child. 1999 Jul;81(1):64-7.全文  摘要

66. Striegel AM, Myers JB, Sorensen MD, et al. Vaginal discharge and bleeding in girls younger than 6 years. J Urol. 2006 Dec;176(6 Pt 1):2632-5. 摘要

67. Simon DA, Berry S, Brannian J, et al. Recurrent, purulent vaginal discharge associated with longstanding presence of a foreign body and vaginal stenosis. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2003 Dec;16(6):361-3. 摘要

68. Merkley K. Vulvovaginitis and vaginal discharge in the pediatric patient. J Emerg Nurs. 2005 Aug;31(4):400-2. 摘要

69. Singh RH, Zenilman JM, Brown KM, et al. The role of physical examination in diagnosing common causes of vaginitis: a prospective study. Sex Transm Infect. 2013 May;89(3):185-90. 摘要

70. Chinnock B, Yore M, Mason J, et al. Self-obtained vaginal swabs are not inferior to provider-performed endocervical sampling for emergency department diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Acad Emerg Med. 2021 Jun;28(6):612-20.全文  摘要

71. Barnes P, Vieira R, Harwood J, et al. Self-taken vaginal swabs versus clinician-taken for detection of candida and bacterial vaginosis: a case-control study in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2017 Dec;67(665):e824-9.全文  摘要

72. Strauss RA, Eucker B, Savitz DA, et al. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis from self-obtained vaginal swabs. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Mar;13(1):31-5.全文  摘要

73. Smith K, Harrington K, Wingood G, et al. Self-obtained vaginal swabs for diagnosis of treatable sexually transmitted diseases in adolescent girls. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001 Jun;155(6):676-9.全文  摘要

74. Van Der Pol B, Williams JA, Taylor SN, et al. Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis DNA by use of self-obtained vaginal swabs with the BD ProbeTec Qx assay on the BD Viper system. J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Mar;52(3):885-9.全文  摘要

75. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2018 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Aug 31;67(6):e1-94.全文  摘要

76. Coleman JS, Gaydos CA. Molecular diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: an update. J Clin Microbiol. 2018 Sep;56(9):e00342-18.全文  摘要

77. Soni S, Horner P, Rayment M, et al. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of infection with Mycoplasma genitalium (2018). Int J STD AIDS. 2019 Sep;30(10):938-50.全文  摘要

78. Phillips NA, Bachmann GA. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: common problem, effective treatments. Cleve Clin J Med. 2018 May;85(5):390-8.全文  摘要

79. Kleppa E, Holmen SD, Lillebø K, et al. Re: Al-Baghdadi O, Samarasinghe A, Wissa I. 2014. Cervical schistosomiasis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 34:206. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;34(8):755-6. 摘要

80. Stott D, Zakaria M. The transcervical expulsion of a large fibroid. BMJ Case Reports. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Sep 24;2012:bcr0120125523.全文  摘要

81. de la Poza G, López-Sanroman A, Taxonera C, et al. Genital fistulas in female Crohn's disease patients: clinical characteristics and response to therapy. J Crohns Colitis. 2012 Apr;6(3):276-80. 摘要

82. Bates S. Vaginal discharge​. Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2003 Aug;13(4):218-23.

83. Ou YC, Huang HY, Huang CC, et al. Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun;50(2):141-4. 摘要

84. Cao XX, Li J, Zhang W, et al. Patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of female genital tract have high risk of central nervous system relapse. Ann Hematol. 2014 Jun;93(6):1001-5. 摘要

85. Bull L, Knowles A, Ogden S, et al. Primary cervical lymphoma: a rare presentation to a genitourinary medicine clinic. Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Jul;24(7):587-9. 摘要

86. Nelson TM, Borgogna JC, Michalek RD, et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with an altered vaginal tract metabolomic profile. Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 16;8(1):852.全文  摘要

87. Mittal V, Jain A, Pradeep Y. Development of modified diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis at peripheral health centres in developing countries. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2012 May 14;6(5):373-7. 摘要

88. Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, et al. Nonspecific vaginitis: diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med. 1983 Jan;74(1):14-22. 摘要

89. Simoes JA, Discacciati MG, Brolazo EM, et al. Clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006 Jul;94(1):28-32. 摘要

90. Gaydos CA, Hsieh YH, Barnes M, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women who submit self-obtained vaginal samples after internet recruitment. Sex Transm Dis. 2011 Sep;38(9):828-32. 摘要

91. Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, et al. Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Apr;11(2):300-17.全文  摘要

92. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae - 2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014;63(RR-02):1-19.全文  摘要

93. Geisler WM, Chow JM, Schachter J, et al. Pelvic examination findings and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic young women screened with a nucleic acid amplification test. Sex Transm Dis. 2007 Jun;34(6):335-8. 摘要

94. Stenchever MA, Droegemueller W, Herbst AL, et al. Comprehensive gynecology. 4th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby; 2006; 655-6.

95. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Genital herpes. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. Sep 2022 ​[internet publication].全文

96. Pretorius R, Semrad N, Watring W, et al. Presentation of cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1991 Jul;42(1):48-53. 摘要