癫痫持续状态

Gastaut H. Classification of status epilepticus. In: Delgado-Escueta A, Wasterlain C, Treiman D, et al. Status epilepticus: Mechanisms of brain damage and treatment. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1983:15-35.

Hauser WA. Status epilepticus: epidemiologic considerations. Neurology. 1990 May;40(5 suppl 2):S9-13. 摘要

Pellock JM. Overview: definitions and classifications of seizure emergencies. J Child Neurol. 2007 May;22(5 suppl):S9-13. 摘要

Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016 Jan-Feb;16(1):48-61.全文  摘要

Cascino GD. Generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996 Aug;71(8):787-92. 摘要

Towne AR, Garnett LK, Waterhouse EJ, et al. The use of topiramate in refractory status epilepticus. Neurology. 2003 Jan 28;60(2):332-4. 摘要

Koubeissi M, Alshekhlee A. In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a large US sample. Neurology. 2007 Aug 28;69(9):886-93. 摘要

1. Lowenstein DH, Bleck T, Macdonald RL. It's time to revise the definition of status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1999 Jan;40(1):120-2. 摘要

2. Brophy GM, Bell R, Claassen J, et al; Neurocritical Care Society Status Epilepticus Guideline Writing Committee. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care. 2012 Aug;17(1):3-23. 摘要

3. Lowenstein DH, Alldredge BK. Status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6. 摘要

4. Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):522-30.全文  摘要

5. International League Against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. From the Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1981 Aug;22(4):489-501. 摘要

6. Gastaut H. Classification of status epilepticus. In: Delgado-Escueta A, Wasterlain C, Treiman D, et al. Status epilepticus: Mechanisms of brain damage and treatment. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1983:15-35.

7. International League Against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 1981 Aug;22(4):489-501. 摘要

8. Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus - report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2015 Oct;56(10):1515-23.全文  摘要

9. Meierkord H, Holtkamp M. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in adults: clinical forms and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Apr;6(4):329-39. 摘要

10. Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MG, et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia. 2010 Apr;51(4):676-85.全文  摘要

11. Walker M. Status epilepticus: an evidence based guide. BMJ. 2005 Sep 24;331(7518):673-7. 摘要

12. Dham BS, Hunter K, Rincon F. The epidemiology of status epilepticus in the United States. Neurocrit Care. 2014 Jun;20(3):476-83. 摘要

13. Hauser WA. Status epilepticus: epidemiologic considerations. Neurology. 1990 May;40(5 suppl 2):S9-13. 摘要

14. DeLorenzo RJ, Hauser WA, Towne AR, et al. A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia. Neurology. 1996 Apr;46(4):1029-35. 摘要

15. Pellock JM. Overview: definitions and classifications of seizure emergencies. J Child Neurol. 2007 May;22(5 suppl):S9-13. 摘要

16. Bien CG, Granata T, Antozzi C, et al. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Rasmussen encephalitis: a European consensus statement. Brain. 2005 Mar;128(pt 3):454-71. 摘要

17. Meldrum BS, Vigouroux RA, Rage P, et al. Hippocampal lesions produced by prolonged seizures in paralyzed artificially ventilated baboons. Experientia. 1973 May 15;29(5):561-3. 摘要

18. Alldredge BK, Lowenstein DH. Status epilepticus related to alcohol abuse. Epilepsia. 1993 Nov-Dec;34(6):1033-7. 摘要

19. Shinnar S. Who is at risk for prolonged seizures? J Child Neurol. 2007 May;22(5 suppl):S14-20. 摘要

20. Krumholz A. Epidemiology and evidence for morbidity of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1999 Jul;16(4):314-22. 摘要

21. Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016 Jan-Feb;16(1):48-61.全文  摘要

22. Cascino GD. Generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996 Aug;71(8):787-92. 摘要

23. Treiman DM. Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2007 Sep 17;339(12):792-8. 摘要

24. Kalviainen R, Eriksson K, Parviainen I. Refractory generalised convulsive status epilepticus: a guide to treatment. CNS Drugs. 2005;19(9):759-68. 摘要

25. Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, et al; Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 1998 Sep 17;339(12):792-8.全文  摘要

26. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Epilepsies: diagnosis and management. Feb 2020 [internet publication].全文

27. Wheless JW, Clarke DF, Arzimanoglou A, et al. Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion, 2007. Epileptic Disord. 2007 Dec;9(4):353-412. 摘要

28. Gaínza-Lein M, Sánchez Fernández I, Jackson M, et al. Association of time to treatment with short-term outcomes for pediatric patients with refractory convulsive status epilepticus. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Apr 1;75(4):410-8.全文  摘要

29. Osorio I, Reed RC. Treatment of refractory generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus with pentobarbital anesthesia after high-dose phenytoin. Epilepsia. 1989 Jul-Aug;30(4):464-71. 摘要

30. Lyttle MD, Rainford NEA, Gamble C, et al. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of paediatric convulsive status epilepticus (EcLiPSE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet. 2019 May 25;393(10186):2125-34.全文  摘要

31. Dalziel SR, Borland ML, Furyk J, et al. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children (ConSEPT): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 May 25;393(10186):2135-45. 摘要

32. Trinka E, Höfler J, Leitinger M, et al. Pharmacotherapy for status epilepticus. Drugs. 2015 Sep;75(13):1499-521.全文  摘要

33. Vasile B, Rasulo F, Candiani A, et al. The pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome: a simple name for a complex syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2003 Sep;29(9):1417-25. 摘要

34. Parviainen I, Uusaro A, Kalviainen R, et al. High-dose thiopental in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus in intensive care unit. Neurology. 2002 Oct 22;59(8):1249-51. 摘要

35. Mehta V, Singhi P, Singhi S. Intravenous sodium valproate versus diazepam infusion for the control of refractory status epilepticus in children: a randomized controlled trial. J Child Neurol. 2007 Oct;22(10):1191-7. 摘要

36. Olsen KB, Tauboll E, Gjerstad L. Valproate is an effective, well-tolerated drug for treatment of status epilepticus/serial attacks in adults. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2007;187:51-4. 摘要

37. Korff CM, Nordli DR Jr. Diagnosis and management of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in children. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007 Sep;3(9):505-16. 摘要

38. Altenmüller DM, Kühn A, Surges R, et al. Termination of absence status epilepticus by low-dose intravenous levetiracetam. Epilepsia. 2008 Jul;49(7):1289-90.全文  摘要

39. d'Orsi G, Pacillo F, Trivisano M2, et al. Lacosamide in absence status epilepticus. Seizure. 2014 May;23(5):397-8.全文  摘要

40. Towne AR, Garnett LK, Waterhouse EJ, et al. The use of topiramate in refractory status epilepticus. Neurology. 2003 Jan 28;60(2):332-4. 摘要

41. Inokuchi R, Ohashi-Fukuda N, Nakamura K, et al. Comparison of intranasal and intravenous diazepam on status epilepticus in stroke patients: a retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Feb;94(7):e555.全文  摘要

42. Pieribone VA, Tsai J, Soufflet C, et al. Clinical evaluation of ganaxolone in pediatric and adolescent patients with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007 Oct;48(10):1870-4.全文  摘要

43. Neville BG, Chin RF, Scott RC. Childhood convulsive status epilepticus: epidemiology, management and outcome. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007 Apr;115(4 suppl):S21-4. 摘要

44. Koubeissi M, Alshekhlee A. In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a large US sample. Neurology. 2007 Aug 28;69(9):886-93. 摘要

45. Neligan A, Noyce AJ, Gosavi TD, et al. Change in mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in high-income countries over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2019 May 28;76(8):897-905.全文  摘要

46. Neligan A, Shorvon SD. Frequency and prognosis of convulsive status epilepticus of different causes: a systematic review. Arch Neurol. 2010 Aug;67(8):931-40. 摘要

47. Yaffe K, Lowenstein DH. Prognostic factors of pentobarbital therapy for refractory generalized status epilepticus. Neurology. 1993 May;43(5):895-900. 摘要

48. Jambaque I, Hertz-Pannier L, Mikaeloff Y, et al. Severe memory impairment in a child with bihippocampal injury after status epilepticus. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Mar;48(3):223-6.全文  摘要