神经性厌食症

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

Torpy JM, Burke AE, Glass RM. Anorexia nervosa. JAMA. 2006 Jun 14;295(22):2684. 摘要

Royal College of Psychiatrists. Medical emergencies in eating disorders (MEED): guidance on recognition and management. May 2022 [internet publication].全文

Mitchell JE, Peterson CB. Anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 2;382(14):1343-51. 摘要

Yager J, Andersen AE. Clinical practice. Anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 6;353(14):1481-8. 摘要

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

2. World Health Organization. International classification of diseases, 11th revision. 2022 [internet publication].

3. Carlat DJ, Camargo CA, Herzog DB. Eating disorders in males: a report on 135 patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Aug;154(8):1127-32. 摘要

4. Hoek HW. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;19(4):389-94. 摘要

5. Miller KK, Grinspoon SK, Ciampa J, et al. Medical findings in outpatients with anorexia nervosa. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Mar 14;165(5):561-6. 摘要

6. Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr, et al. The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Feb 1;61(3):348-58. 摘要

7. Torpy JM, Burke AE, Glass RM. Anorexia nervosa. JAMA. 2006 Jun 14;295(22):2684. 摘要

8. Bryan-Waugh R, Lask B. Childhood-onset eating disorders. In: Fairburn GC, Brownell KD, eds. Eating disorders and obesity: a comprehensive handbook. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2002:210-4.

9. Andersen AE. Eating disorders in males. In: Fairburn CG, Brownell KD, eds. Eating disorders and obesity: a comprehensive handbook. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2002:210-4.

10. Hoek HW, van Hoeken D. Review of the prevalence and incidence of eating disorders. Int J Eating Dis. 2003 Dec;34(4):383-96. 摘要

11. Smink FR, van Hoeken D, Donker GA, et al. Three decades of eating disorders in Dutch primary care: decreasing incidence of bulimia nervosa but not of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 2016 Apr;46(6):1189-96. 摘要

12. Halmi KA, Casper RC, Eckert ED, et al. Unique features associated with age of onset of anorexia nervosa. Psychiatr Res. 1979 Oct;1(2):209-15. 摘要

13. Public Health England. Eating disorders in young people. Jul 2019 [internet publication].全文

14. Petkova H, Simic M, Nicholls D, et al. Incidence of anorexia nervosa in young people in the UK and Ireland: a national surveillance study. BMJ Open. 2019 Oct 22;9(10):e027339.全文  摘要

15. Steiner H, Kwan W, Shaffer TG, et al. Risk and protective factors for juvenile eating disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;12(suppl 1):I38-46. 摘要

16. Nagel KL, Jones KH. Sociological factors in the development of eating disorders. Adolescence. 1992 Spring;27(105):107-13. 摘要

17. Becker AE. Television, disordered eating, and young women in Fiji: negotiating body image and identity during rapid social change. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2004 Dec;28(4):533-59. 摘要

18. Tao ZL. Epidemiological risk factor study concerning abnormal attitudes toward eating and adverse dieting behaviours among 12- to 25-years-old Chinese students. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2010 Nov-Dec;18(6):507-14. 摘要

19. Bulik CM, Thornton LM, Root TL, et al. Understanding the relation between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in a Swedish national twin sample. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan 1;67(1):71-7. 摘要

20. Kaye WH, Wierenga CE, Bailer UF, et al. Does a shared neurobiology for foods and drugs of abuse contribute to extremes of food ingestion in anorexia and bulimia nervosa? Biol Psychiatry. 2013 May 1;73(9):836-42.全文  摘要

21. Solmi M, Veronese N, Correll CU, et al. Bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures among people with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2016 May;133(5):341-51. 摘要

22. Misra M. Long-term skeletal effects of eating disorders with onset in adolescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1135:212-8. 摘要

23. Pawluck DE, Gorey KM. Secular trends in the incidence of anorexia nervosa: integrative review of population-based studies. Int J Eat Disord. 1998 May;23(4):347-52. 摘要

24. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Doll HA, et al. Risk factors for anorexia nervosa: three integrated case-control comparisons. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 May;56(5):468-76. 摘要

25. Makino M, Tsuboi K, Dennerstein L, et al. Prevalence of eating disorders: a comparison of Western and non-Western countries. Med Gen Med. 2004 Sep 27;6(3):49. 摘要

26. DiNicola-Vincenzo F. Anorexia multiforme: self-starvation in historical and cultural context: II anorexia nervosa as a culture-reactive syndrome. Transcult Psychiatr Res Rev. 1990;27:245-86.

27. Halmi KA. A 24-year-old woman with anorexia nervosa. JAMA. 1998 Jun 24;279(24):1992-8. 摘要

28. Nevonen L, Norring C. Socio-economic variables and eating disorders: a comparison between patients and normal controls. Eat Weight Disord. 2004 Dec;9(4):279-84. 摘要

29. Rogers L, Resnick MD, Mitchell JE, et al. The relationship between socioeconomic status and eating-disordered behaviors in a community sample of adolescent girls. Int J Eat Disord. 1997 Jul;22(1):15-23. 摘要

30. Schoemaker C. Does early intervention improve the prognosis of anorexia nervosa? A systematic review of the treatment-outcome literature. Int J Eat Disord. 1997 Jan;21(1):1-15. 摘要

31. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Eating disorders: recognition and treatment. Dec 2020 [internet publication].全文

32. Royal College of Psychiatrists. Medical emergencies in eating disorders (MEED): guidance on recognition and management. May 2022 [internet publication].全文

33. Crow SJ, Swanson SA, le Grange D, et al. Suicidal behavior in adolescents and adults with bulimia nervosa. Compr Psychiatry. 2014 Oct;55(7):1534-9. 摘要

34. Vincenzi BO. PANDAS and anorexia nervosa - a spotters' guide: Suggestions for medical assessment. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2010 Mar;18(2):116-23. 摘要

35. Pritts SD, Susman J. Diagnosis of eating disorders in primary care. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Jan 15;67(2):297-304.全文  摘要

36. Fairburn CG, Harrison PJ. Eating disorders. Lancet. 2003 Feb 1;361(9355):407-16. 摘要

37. American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2023. Dec 2022 [internet publication]全文

38. Rosen DS. Eating disorders in children and young adolescents: etiology, classification, clinical features, and treatment. Adolesc Med. 2003 Feb;14(1):49-59. 摘要

39. Norris ML, Hiebert JD, Katzman DK. Determining treatment goal weights for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa [in French]. Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Dec;23(8):551-2.全文  摘要

40. US Preventive Services Task Force., Davidson KW, Barry MJ, et al. Screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2022 Mar 15;327(11):1061-7.全文  摘要

41. Royal College of Psychiatrists. Position statement on early intervention for eating disorders. May 2019 [internet publication].全文

42. American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with eating disorders. Feb 2023 [internet publication].全文

43. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Eating disorders. Aug 2022 [internet publication].全文

44. Hay PJ, Touyz S, Claudino AM, et al. Inpatient versus outpatient care, partial hospitalisation and waiting list for people with eating disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 21;(1):CD010827.全文  摘要

45. Mitchell JE, Peterson CB. Anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 2;382(14):1343-51. 摘要

46. Hay P, Chinn D, Forbes D, et al; Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014 Nov;48(11):977-1008.全文  摘要

47. Yager J, Andersen AE. Clinical practice. Anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 6;353(14):1481-8. 摘要

48. Bargiacchi A, Clarke J, Paulsen A, et al. Refeeding in anorexia nervosa. Eur J Pediatr. 2019 Mar;178(3):413-22. 摘要

49. Haynos AF, Snipes C, Guarda A, et al. Comparison of standardized versus individualized caloric prescriptions in the nutritional rehabilitation of inpatients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2016 Jan;49(1):50-8.全文  摘要

50. Garber AK, Sawyer SM, Golden NH, et al. A systematic review of approaches to refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2016 Mar;49(3):293-310. 摘要

51. Okamoto A, Yamashita T, Nagoshi Y, et al. A behavior therapy program combined with liquid nutrition designed for anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002 Oct;56(5):515-20. 摘要

52. Royal College of Psychiatrists. Guidelines for the nutritional management of anorexia nervosa. Jul 2005 [internet publication].全文

53. Fonseca V, Havard CWH. Electrolyte disturbances and cardiac failure with hypomagnesaemia in anorexia nervosa. BMJ. 1985 Dec 14;291(6510):1680-2. 摘要

54. Solmi M, Wade TD, Byrne S, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for the treatment of adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021 Mar;8(3):215-24. 摘要

55. Attia E, Walsh BT. Behavioral management for anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jan 29;360(5):500-6. 摘要

56. McIntosh VV, Jordan J, Carter FA, et al. Three psychotherapies for anorexia nervosa: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;162(4):741-7. 摘要

57. Pike KM, Walsh BT, Vitousek K, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy in the posthospitalization treatment of anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Nov;160(11):2046-9. 摘要

58. Byrne S, Wade T, Hay P, et al. A randomised controlled trial of three psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 2017 Dec;47(16):2823-33. 摘要

59. Schmidt U, Magill N, Renwick B, et al. The Maudsley Outpatient Study of Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa and Related Conditions (MOSAIC): Comparison of the Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) with specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) in outpatients with broadly defined anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2015 Aug;83(4):796-807. 摘要

60. Zipfel S, Wild B, Groß G, et al. Focal psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, and optimised treatment as usual in outpatients with anorexia nervosa (ANTOP study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Jan 11;383(9912):127-37. 摘要

61. Hay PJ, Claudino AM, Touyz S, et al. Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 27;(7):CD003909.全文  摘要

62. Lock J, Le Grange D, Agras WS, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing family-based treatment with adolescent-focused individual therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Oct;67(10):1025-32.全文  摘要

63. Robin AL, Siegel PT, Koepke T, et al. Family therapy versus individual therapy for adolescent females with anorexia nervosa. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1994 Apr;15(2):111-6. 摘要

64. Eisler I, Simic M, Russell GF, et al. A randomised controlled treatment trial of two forms of family therapy in adolescent anorexia nervosa: a five-year follow-up. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;48(6):552-60. 摘要

65. Fisher CA, Skocic S, Rutherford KA, et al. Family therapy approaches for anorexia nervosa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 May 1;5(5):CD004780.全文  摘要

66. Forsberg S, Fitzpatrick KK, Darcy A, et al. Development and evaluation of a treatment fidelity instrument for family-based treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2015 Jan;48(1):91-9. 摘要

67. Couturier J, Isserlin L, Lock J. Family-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a dissemination study. Eat Disord. 2010 May-Jun;18(3):199-209.全文  摘要

68. Bissada H, Tasca GA, Barber AM, et al. Olanzapine in the treatment of low body weight and obsessive thinking in women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Oct;165(10):1281-8. 摘要

69. Attia E, Kaplan AS, Walsh BT, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo for out-patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 2011 Oct;41(10):2177-82. 摘要

70. Attia E, Steinglass JE, Walsh BT, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo in adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2019 Jun 1;176(6):449-56.全文  摘要

71. Crow SJ. Pharmacologic treatment of eating disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2019 Jun;42(2):253-62. 摘要

72. Alvarez PA, Pahissa J. QT alterations in psychopharmacology: proven candidates and suspects. Curr Drug Saf. 2010 Jan;5(1):97-104. 摘要

73. Rutherford L, Couturier J. A review of psychotherapeutic interventions for children and adolescents with eating disorders. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;16(4):153-7.全文  摘要

74. Couturier J, Lock J. A review of medication use for children and adolescents with eating disorders. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;16(4):173-6. 摘要

75. Aigner M, Treasure J, Kaye W, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;12(6):400-43. 摘要

76. Walsh BT, Kaplan AS, Attia E, et al. Fluoxetine after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006 Jun 14;295(22):2605-12. 摘要

77. Alañón Pardo MDM, Ferrit Martín M, Calleja Hernández MÁ, et al. Adherence of psychopharmacological prescriptions to clinical practice guidelines in patients with eating behavior disorders. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Oct;73(10):1305-13. 摘要

78. Misra M, Klibanski A. Anorexia nervosa and bone. J Endocrinol. 2014 Jun;221(3):R163-76.全文  摘要

79. Delgado PL, Miller HL, Salomon RM, et al. Tryptophan-depletion challenge in depressed patients treated with desipramine or fluoxetine: implications for the role of serotonin in the mechanism of antidepressant action. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Jul 15;46(2):212-20. 摘要

80. Wenzel-Seifert, K, Wittmann M, Haen E. QTc prolongation by psychotropic drugs and the risk of Torsade de Pointes. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011 Oct;108(41):687-93.全文  摘要

81. MHRA. Citalopram and escitalopram: QT interval prolongation - new maximum daily dose restrictions (including in elderly patients), contraindications, and warnings. Dec 2011 [internet publication].全文

82. Touyz SW, Beaumont PJ, Glaun D, et al. A comparison of lenient patients with anorexia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry. 1984 May;144:517-20. 摘要

83. Lipsman N, Lam E, Volpini M, et al. Deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: 1 year follow-up of an open-label trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017 Apr;4(4):285-94. 摘要

84. Strober M, Freeman R, Morrell W. Long-term course of severe anorexia nervosa in adolescents: survival analysis of recovery, relapse, and outcome predictors over 10-15 years in a prospective study. Int J Eat Disord. 1997 Dec;22(4):339-60. 摘要

85. Walsh JME, Wheat ME, Freund K. Detection, evaluation, and treatment of eating disorders: the role of the primary care physician. J Gen Intern Med. 2000 Aug;15(8):577-90. 摘要

86. Fichter MM, Quadflieg N, Hedlund S. Twelve-year course and outcome predictors of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2006 Mar;39(2):87-100. 摘要

87. Franko DL, Keshaviah A, Eddy KT, et al. A longitudinal investigation of mortality in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2013 Aug;170(8):917-25.全文  摘要

88. Hsu LKG. Outcome of early onset anorexia nervosa: what do we know? J Youth Adolesc. 1996 Aug;25(4):563-8.

89. Bouquegneau A, Dubois BE, Krzesiski JM, et al. Anorexia nervosa and the kidney. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Aug;60(2):299-307. 摘要

90. Loucks AB, Verdun M, Heath EM. Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women. J Appl Physiol. 1998 Jan;84(1):37-46. 摘要

91. Mehler PS, MacKenzie TD. Treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord. 2009 Apr;42(3):195-201. 摘要

92. Rigotti NA, Neer RM, Skates SJ, et al. The clinical course of osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa: a longitudinal study of cortical bone mass. JAMA. 1991 Mar 6;265(9):1133-8. 摘要

93. Powers PS, Thompson RA. The exercise balance. Carlsbad, CA: Gurze Books; 2008.