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Chandrasekhar SS, Tsai Do BS, Schwartz SR, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Aug;161(1_suppl):S1-S45.全文  摘要

Guest JF, Greener MJ, Robinson AC, et al. Impacted cerumen: composition, production, epidemiology and management. QJM. 2004 Aug;97(8):477-88.全文  摘要

Roeser RJ, Ballachanda BB. Physiology, pathophysiology, and anthropology/epidemiology of human ear canal secretions. J Am Acad Audiol. 1997 Dec;8(6):391-400. 摘要

Aaron K, Cooper TE, Warner L, et al. Ear drops for the removal of ear wax. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 25;(7):CD012171.全文  摘要

Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Cannon CR, et al. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(suppl 1):S1-S24.全文  摘要

Mori T, Westerberg BD, Atashband S, et al. Natural history of hearing loss in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008 Feb;37(1):112-8. 摘要

Edmond K, Clark A, Korczak VS, et al. Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010 May;10(5):317-28. 摘要

Vlastarakos PV, Nikolopoulos TP, Tavoulari E, et al. Auditory neuropathy: endocochlear lesion or temporal processing impairment? Implications for diagnosis and management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Aug;72(8):1135-50. 摘要

Lobo D, López FG, García-Berrocal JR, et al. Diagnostic tests for immunomediated hearing loss: a systematic review. J Laryngol Otol. 2008 Jun;122(6):564-73. 摘要

Nelson HD, Bougatsos C, Nygren P, et al. Universal newborn hearing screening: systematic review to update the 2001 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation. Pediatrics. 2008 Jul;122(1):e266-76. 摘要

Vlastarakos PV, Candiloros D, Papacharalampous G, et al. Diagnostic challenges and safety considerations in cochlear implantation under the age of 12 months. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Feb;74(2):127-32. 摘要

British Association of Audiovestibular Physicians; British Association of Paediatricians in Audiology. Guidelines for aetiological investigation of infants with congenital hearing loss identified through newborn hearing screening: best practice guidelines. May 2008 [internet publication].全文

British Association of Audiovestibular Physicians; British Association of Paediatricians in Audiology. Aetiological investigation into bilateral mild to moderate permanent hearing loss in children. April 2009 [internet publication].全文

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2. Chandrasekhar SS, Tsai Do BS, Schwartz SR, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Aug;161(1_suppl):S1-S45.全文  摘要

3. Nacher-Soler G, Garrido JM, Rodríguez-Serrano F. Hearing regeneration and regenerative medicine: present and future approaches. Arch Med Sci. 2019 Jul;15(4):957-967.全文  摘要

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5. Roeser RJ, Ballachanda BB. Physiology, pathophysiology, and anthropology/epidemiology of human ear canal secretions. J Am Acad Audiol. 1997 Dec;8(6):391-400. 摘要

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8. Sharp JF, Wilson JA, Ross L, et al. Ear wax removal: a survey of current practice. BMJ. 1990 Dec 1;301(6763):1251-3.全文  摘要

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11. Aaron K, Cooper TE, Warner L, et al. Ear drops for the removal of ear wax. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 25;(7):CD012171.全文  摘要

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13. Allanson BM, Low TH, Clark JR, et al. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal and Temporal Bone: An Update. Head Neck Pathol. 2018 Sep;12(3):407-418.全文  摘要

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16. Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Cannon CR, et al. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(suppl 1):S1-S24.全文  摘要

17. Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Cannon CR, et al. Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Feb;150(1 suppl):S1-S24.全文  摘要

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24. Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, et al. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2013 Mar;131(3):e964-99.全文  摘要

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27. Jackson C, Kaylie D, Coppit G, et al. Glomus jugulare tumors with intracranial extension. Neurosurg Focus. 2004 Aug 15;17(2):E7. 摘要

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29. Brodie HA, Thompson TC. Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures. Am J Otol. 1997 Mar;18(2):188-97. 摘要

30. Markou K, Goudakos J. An overview of the etiology of otosclerosis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Jan;266(1):25-35. 摘要

31. Dobie RA. The burdens of age-related and occupational noise-induced hearing loss in the United States. Ear Hear. 2008 Aug;29(4):565-77. 摘要

32. Chawla N, Olshaker JS. Diagnosis and management of dizziness and vertigo. Med Clin N Am. 2006 Mar;90(2):291-304. 摘要

33. Lemole M, Behbahani M. Retrospective Study of Skull Base Fracture: A Study of Incidents, Complications, Management, and Outcome Overview from Trauma-One-Level Institute over 5 Years. 2013 Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base, 74(S 01).

34. Ishman SL, Friedland DR. Temporal bone fractures: traditional classification and clinical relevance. Laryngoscope. 2004 Oct;114(10):1734-41. 摘要

35. Darrouzet V, Duclos JY, Liguoro D, et al. Management of facial paralysis resulting from temporal bone fractures: our experience in 115 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Jul;125(1):77-84. 摘要

36. Nageris BI, Popovtzer A. Acoustic neuroma in patients with completely resolved sudden hearing loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003 May;112(5):395-7. 摘要

37. Ogawa H, Suzutani T, Baba Y, et al. Etiology of severe sensorineural hearing loss in children: independent impact of congenital CMV infection and GJB2 mutations. J Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15;195(6):782-8. 摘要

38. Grosse SD, Ross DS, Dollard SC. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as a cause of permanent bilateral hearing loss: a quantitative assessment. J Clin Virol. 2008 Feb;41(2):57-62. 摘要

39. Kadambari S, Williams EJ, Luck S, et al. Evidence based management guidelines for the detection and treatment of congenital CMV. Early Hum Dev. 2011 Nov;87(11):723-8. 摘要

40. Strasnick B, Jacobson JJ. Teratogenic hearing loss. J Am Acad Audiol. 1995 Jan;6(1):28-38. 摘要

41. Mori T, Westerberg BD, Atashband S, et al. Natural history of hearing loss in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008 Feb;37(1):112-8. 摘要

42. Boskabadi H, Zakerihamidi M, Moradi A, et al. Risk Factors for Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Jul;30(99):195-202.全文  摘要

43. Edmond K, Clark A, Korczak VS, et al. Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010 May;10(5):317-28. 摘要

44. Vlastarakos PV, Nikolopoulos TP, Tavoulari E, et al. Auditory neuropathy: endocochlear lesion or temporal processing impairment? Implications for diagnosis and management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Aug;72(8):1135-50. 摘要

45. Kim MB, Zhang Y, Chang Y, et al. Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hearing loss: a cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Apr 1;46(2):717-726.全文  摘要

46. Lobo D, López FG, García-Berrocal JR, et al. Diagnostic tests for immunomediated hearing loss: a systematic review. J Laryngol Otol. 2008 Jun;122(6):564-73. 摘要

47. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hearing loss in adults: assessment and management. June 2018 [internet publication].全文

48. Chawdhary G, Pankhania M, Douglas S, et al. Current management of necrotising otitis externa in the UK: survey of 221 UK otolaryngologists. Acta Otolaryngol. 2017 Aug;137(8):818-822.全文  摘要

49. Danner CJ. Facial nerve paralysis. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2008 Jun;41(3):619-32, xs. 摘要

50. Pretto Flores L, De Almeida CS, Casulari LA. Positive predictive values of selected clinical signs associated with skull base fractures. J Neurosurg Sci. 2000 Jun;44(2):77-82; discussion 82-3.全文  摘要

51. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria: head trauma. 2015 [internet publication].全文

52. Johnson F, Semaan MT, Megerian CA. Temporal bone fracture: evaluation and management in the modern era. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2008 Jun;41(3):597-618, x. 摘要

53. Lee H, Whitman GT, Lim JG, et al. Bilateral sudden deafness as a prodrome of anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction. Arch Neurol. 2001 Aug;58(8):1287-9.全文  摘要

54. Huang MH, Huang CC, Ryu SJ, et al. Sudden bilateral hearing impairment in vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Stroke. 1993 Jan;24(1):132-7.全文  摘要

55. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. 2018 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018 Jan 24;49(3):e46-e110.全文  摘要

56. Gottesman RF, Sharma P, Robinson KA, et al. Clinical characteristics of symptomatic vertebral artery dissection: a systematic review. Neurologist. 2012 Sep;18(5):245-54.全文  摘要

57. Hanning U, Sporns PB, Schmiedel M, et al. CT versus MR Techniques in the Detection of Cervical Artery Dissection. J Neuroimaging. 2017 Nov;27(6):607-612.全文  摘要

58. CADISS trial investigators., Markus HS, Hayter E, et al. Antiplatelet treatment compared with anticoagulation treatment for cervical artery dissection (CADISS): a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Apr;14(4):361-7.全文  摘要

59. Peng J, Liu Z, Luo C, et al. Treatment of Cervical Artery Dissection: Antithrombotics, Thrombolysis, and Endovascular Therapy. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3072098.全文  摘要

60. Jensen J, Salottolo K, Frei D, et al. Comprehensive analysis of intra-arterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to cervical artery dissection. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 Jul;9(7):654-658.全文  摘要

61. Nelson HD, Bougatsos C, Nygren P, et al. Universal newborn hearing screening: systematic review to update the 2001 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation. Pediatrics. 2008 Jul;122(1):e266-76. 摘要

62. American Academy of Pediatrics. Early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) [internet publication].全文

63. Hansen MP, Scott AM, McCullough A, et al. Adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics versus placebo for any indication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 18;1:CD011825.全文  摘要

64. Vikram KB, Naseeruddin K. Combined tuning fork tests in hearing loss: explorative clinical study of the patterns. J Otolarygol. 2004 Aug;33(4):227-34. 摘要

65. Ahmed OH, Gallant SC, Ruiz R, et al. Validity of the Hum Test, a Simple and Reliable Alternative to the Weber Test. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2018 Jun;127(6):402-405.全文  摘要

66. Berg AL, Prieve BA, Serpanos YC, et al. Hearing screening in a well-infant nursery: profile of automated ABR-fail/OAE-pass. Pediatrics. 2011 Feb;127(2):269-75. 摘要

67. Vlastarakos PV, Candiloros D, Papacharalampous G, et al. Diagnostic challenges and safety considerations in cochlear implantation under the age of 12 months. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Feb;74(2):127-32. 摘要

68. American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Hearing Loss and/or vertigo. 2018 [internet publication].全文

69. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tinnitus: assessment and management. NICE guideline NG155 March 2020 [internet publication].全文

70. British Association of Audiovestibular Physicians; British Association of Paediatricians in Audiology. Guidelines for aetiological investigation of infants with congenital hearing loss identified through newborn hearing screening: best practice guidelines. May 2008 [internet publication].全文

71. British Association of Audiovestibular Physicians. Guidelines for aetiological investigation into severe to profound bilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment. April 2015 [internet publication].全文

72. Shearer AE, Smith RJ. Massively Parallel Sequencing for Genetic Diagnosis of Hearing Loss: The New Standard of Care. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Aug;153(2):175-82.全文  摘要

73. British Association of Audiovestibular Physicians. Guidelines for aetiological investigation into unilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment. April 2015 [internet publication].全文

74. British Association of Audiovestibular Physicians; British Association of Paediatricians in Audiology. Aetiological investigation into bilateral mild to moderate permanent hearing loss in children. April 2009 [internet publication].全文

75. Bakker R, Aarts MC, van der Heijden GJ, et al. No evidence for the diagnostic value of Borrelia serology in patients with sudden hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Apr;146(4):539-43. 摘要

76. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Babies born with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV). May 2019 [internet publication].全文