鼻衄

Tan L, Calhoun K. Epistaxis. Med Clin North Am. 1999 Jan;83(1):43-56. 摘要

Perretta L, Denslow B, Brown C. Emergency evaluation and management of epistaxis. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1987 May;5(2):265-77. 摘要

Santos P, Lepore M. Epistaxis. In: Bailey B, Healy G, Johnson J, et al., eds. Head & neck surgery-otolaryngology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2001:415-428.

Massick D, Tobin E. Epistaxis. In: Cummings C, Flint P, Harker L, et al., eds. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2005:942-961.

Pond F, Sizeland A. Epistaxis: strategies for management. Aust Fam Physician. 2000 Oct;29(10):933-8. 摘要

Randall DA. Epistaxis packing. Practical pointers for nosebleed control. Postgrad Med. 2006 Jun-Jul;119(1):77-82. 摘要

Ruddy J, Proops DW, Pearman K, et al. Management of epistaxis in children. Int J Paediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1991 Apr;21(2):139-42. 摘要

1. Tan L, Calhoun K. Epistaxis. Med Clin North Am. 1999 Jan;83(1):43-56. 摘要

2. Perretta L, Denslow B, Brown C. Emergency evaluation and management of epistaxis. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1987 May;5(2):265-77. 摘要

3. Santos P, Lepore M. Epistaxis. In: Bailey B, Healy G, Johnson J, et al., eds. Head & neck surgery-otolaryngology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2001:415-428.

4. Massick D, Tobin E. Epistaxis. In: Cummings C, Flint P, Harker L, et al., eds. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2005:942-961.

5. Yau S. An update on epistaxis. Aust Fam Physician. 2015 Sep;44(9):653-6.全文  摘要

6. Pond F, Sizeland A. Epistaxis: strategies for management. Aust Fam Physician. 2000 Oct;29(10):933-8. 摘要

7. Davis KR. Embolization of epistaxis and juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987 Jan;148(1):209-18.全文  摘要

8. Pryor SG, Moore EJ, Kasperbauer JL. Endoscopic versus traditional approaches for excision of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Laryngoscope. 2005 Jul;115(7):1201-7. 摘要

9. Viducich R, Blanda MP, Gerson LW. Posterior epistaxis: clinical features and acute complications. Ann Emerg Med. 1995 May;25(5):592-6. 摘要

10. Charles R, Corrigan E. Epistaxis and hypertension. Postgrad Med J. 1977 May;53(619):260-1.全文  摘要

11. Ibrashi F, Sabri N, Eldawi M, et al. Effect of atherosclerosis and hypertension on arterial epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol. 1978 Oct;92(10):877-81. 摘要

12. Lubianca-Neto JF, Bredemeier M, Carvalhal EF, et al. A study of the association between epistaxis and the severity of hypertension. Am J Rhinol. 1998 Jul-Aug;12(4):269-72. 摘要

13. Herkner H, Havel C, Müllner M, et al. Active epistaxis at ED presentation is associated with arterial hypertension. Am J Emerg Med. 2002 Mar;20(2):92-5. 摘要

14. Soyka MB, Rufibach K, Huber A, et al. Is severe epistaxis associated with acetylsalicylic acid intake? Laryngoscope. 2010 Jan;120(1):200-7.全文  摘要

15. Reibez EE, Bryan DJ, Ehrlichman RJ, et al. Surgical management of life threatening epistaxis in Osler-Weber-Rendu disease. Ann Plast Surg. 1995 Aug;35(2):208-13. 摘要

16. Lund VJ, Howard DJ. A treatment algorithm for the management of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias. Am J Rhinol. 1999 Jul-Aug;13(4):319-22. 摘要

17. Javed F, Golagani A, Sharp H, et al. Potential effects of herbal medicines and nutritional supplements on coagulation in ENT practice. J Laryngol Otol. 2008 Feb;122(2):116-9. 摘要

18. Randall DA. Epistaxis packing. Practical pointers for nosebleed control. Postgrad Med. 2006 Jun-Jul;119(1):77-82. 摘要

19. Barr G. Silver nitrate cautery and epistaxis. Arch Emerg Med. 1989 Sep;6(3):233.全文  摘要

20. Upile T, Jerjes W, Sipaul F, et al. A change in UK epistaxis management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Nov;265(11):1349-54. 摘要

21. Mabry R. Management of epistaxis by packing. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986 Mar;94(3):401-3. 摘要

22. Morris HD, Doyle PJ, Riding KH, et al. The effects of posterior packing on pulmonary function in posterior epistaxis. Trans Sect Otolaryngol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1976 Jul-Aug;82(4):ORL 504-8. 摘要

23. Morganstein S. Surgical management of epistaxis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1987 Dec;113(12):1338. 摘要

24. Moshaver A, Harris JR, Liu R, et al. Early operative intervention versus conventional treatment in epistaxis: randomized prospective trial. J Otolaryngol. 2004 Jun;33(3):185-8. 摘要

25. Durr DG. Endoscopic electrosurgical management of posterior epistaxis: shifting paradigm. J Otolaryngol. 2004 Aug;33(4):211-6. 摘要

26. Stankiewicz J. Nasal endoscopy and control of epistaxis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Feb;12(1):43-5. 摘要

27. Kumar S, Shetty A, Rockey J, et al. Contemporary surgical treatment of epistaxis: what is the evidence for sphenopalatine artery ligation? Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2003 Aug;28(4):360-3. 摘要

28. Strong E, Bell D, Johnson L, et al. Intractable epistaxis: transantral ligation vs embolization: efficacy review and cost analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995 Dec;113(6):674-8. 摘要

29. Christensen N, Smith D, Barnwell S, et al. Arterial embolization in the management of posterior epistaxis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Nov;133(5):748-53. 摘要

30. Douglas R, Wormald PJ. Update on epistaxis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Jun;15(3):180-3. 摘要

31. Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, et al. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 23;(1):CD007798.全文  摘要

32. Scaramuzzi N, Walsh R, Brennan P, et al. Treatment of intractable epistaxis using arterial embolization. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2001 Aug;26(4):307-9. 摘要

33. Qureishi A, Burton MJ. Interventions for recurrent idiopathic epistaxis (nosebleeds) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(9):CD004461.全文  摘要

34. Calder N, Kang S, Fraser L, et al. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of management of recurrent nosebleeds in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 May;140(5):670-4. 摘要

35. Zohar Y, Straus M. Epistaxis due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Laryngoscope. 1995 Apr;105(4 Pt 1):445-6. 摘要

36. Loughran S, Spinou E, Clement E, et al. A prospective, single blind, randomised controlled trial of petroleum jelly/Vaseline for recurrent paediatric epistaxis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2004 Jun;29(3):266-9. 摘要

37. Ruddy J, Proops DW, Pearman K, et al. Management of epistaxis in children. Int J Paediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1991 Apr;21(2):139-42. 摘要

38. Zahed R, Moharamzadeh P, Alizadeharasi S, et al. A new and rapid method for epistaxis treatment using injectable form of tranexamic acid topically: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Sep;31(9):1389-92. 摘要

39. Joseph J, Martinez-Devesa P, Bellorini J, et al. Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 31;12:CD004328.全文  摘要