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颅骨骨折

最后审阅: 22 Nov 2024
最后更新: 15 Jan 2020

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 开放性骨折
  • 可触及的骨轮廓差异
  • 巴特尔体征
  • 眶周瘀斑
  • 血性耳漏
  • 脑脊液鼻漏
  • 面神经麻痹、眼球震颤或感觉异常
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 外伤证据
  • 颅痛或头痛
  • 恶心
  • 精神状态变化/意识丧失
  • 瞳孔反射异常
  • 听力受损
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危险因素

  • 男性
  • 从高处跌落
  • 机动车辆事故
  • 导致头部外伤的殴打
  • 头部枪伤
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诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 颅脑 CT
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需考虑的检查

  • 核磁共振成像 (MRI)
  • MR 血管造影术
  • β-2 转铁蛋白试验
  • 听力敏度图
  • 头颅超声
  • 颅骨 X 光平片
  • 骨骼检查
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

闭合性非凹陷型骨折

闭合性凹陷型骨折

开放性骨折

持续性治疗

持续性颅神经损伤或脑脊液漏

撰稿人

作者

Demetrios Demetriades, MD, PhD, FACS
Demetrios Demetriades

Professor of Surgery

Director

Division of Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care

LAC+USC Trauma Center

Keck School of Medicine at USC

University of Southern California

Los Angeles

CA

利益声明

DD declares that he has no competing interests.

Leslie Kobayashi, MD, FACS
Leslie Kobayashi

Associate Professor of Surgery

Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Burns

University of California San Diego

San Diego

CA

利益声明

LK declares that she has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Tunji Lasoye, FRCS, FCEM, MA, Med Ed

Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer in Emergency Medicine

Clinical Lead

Emergency Department

Director of Medical Education

King's College Hospital

London

UK

利益声明

TL declares that he has no competing interests.

Micelle J. Haydel, MD

Program Director

LSU Emergency Medicine Residency

Louisiana State University

New Orleans

LA

利益声明

MJH declares that she has no competing interests.

Thomas Scalea, MD

Physician in Chief

R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center

Francis X. Kelly Professor of Trauma Surgery

University of Maryland School of Medicine

Baltimore

MD

利益声明

TS declares that he has no competing interests.

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