髋骨折

National Institutes of Health (NIH). Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. NIH Consens Statement. 2000 Mar 27-29;17(1):1-45. 摘要

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hip fracture: management. May 2017. [internet publication].全文

Gillespie WJ, Walenkamp G. Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD000244.全文  摘要

Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Tornetta P 3rd, et al. Operative management of displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. An international survey. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Sep;87(9):2122-30. 摘要

Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF, et al. Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck. A meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Sep;85-A(9):1673-81. 摘要

Parker MJ, Gurusamy K. Internal fixation versus arthroplasty for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD001708.全文  摘要

Parker MJ, Gurusamy KS. Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD001467.全文  摘要

Brown JP, Josse RG. 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. CMAJ. 2002 Nov 12;167(10 Suppl):S1-34.全文  摘要

1. Garden RS. Reduction and fixation of subcapital fractures of the femur. Orthop Clin North Am. 1974 Oct;5(4):683-712. 摘要

2. Beimers L, Kreder HJ, Berry GK, et al. Subcapital hip fractures: the Garden classification should be replaced, not collapsed. Can J Surg. 2002 Dec;45(6):411-4.全文  摘要

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6. Bartonicek J. Pauwels' classification of femoral neck fractures: correct interpretation of the original. J Orthop Trauma. 2001 Jun-Jul;15(5):358-60. 摘要

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10. Papadimitropoulos EA, Coyte PC, Josse RG, et al. Current and projected rates of hip fracture in Canada. CMAJ. 1997 Nov 15;157(10):1357-63.全文  摘要

11. Allander E, Gullberg B, Johnell O, et al. Falls and hip fracture. A reasonable basis for possibilities for prevention? Some preliminary data from the MEDOS study Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1996;103:49-52; 摘要

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13. Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR. The epidemiology of falls and syncope. Clin Geriatr Med. 2002 May;18(2):141-58. 摘要

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15. Robinson CM, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM, et al. Hip fractures in adults younger than 50 years of age. Epidemiology and results. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995 Mar;(312):238-46. 摘要

16. Court-Brown CM, Caesar B. Epidemiology of adult fractures: a review. Injury. 2006 Aug;37(8):691-7. 摘要

17. Cummings SR, Black DM, Rubin SM. Lifetime risks of hip, Colles', or vertebral fracture and coronary heart disease among white postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 1989 Nov;149(11):2445-8. 摘要

18. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. NIH Consens Statement. 2000 Mar 27-29;17(1):1-45. 摘要

19. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA. 2001 Feb 14;285(6):785-95. 摘要

20. Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, et al. Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Jul;20(7):1185-94.全文  摘要

21. Zhao Y, Shen L, Ji HF. Alzheimer's disease and risk of hip fracture: a meta-analysis study. Sci World J. 2012;2012:872173.全文  摘要

22. Blain H, Chavassieux P, Portero-Muzy N, et al. Cortical and trabecular bone distribution in the femoral neck in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Bone. 2008 Nov;43(5):862-8. 摘要

23. Dunstan CR, Somers NM, Evans RA. Osteocyte death and hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int. 1993;53 Suppl 1:S113-6; discussion S116-7. 摘要

24. Zgoda M, Gorecki A, Bartlomiejczyk I, et al. Femoral neck fracture is accompanied by local changes in the content of transforming growth factor-beta1, interleukin-1beta and collagenase activity. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2007 Apr-Jun;7(2):161-5. 摘要

25. De Laet C, Kanis JA, Oden A, et al. Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Nov;16(11):1330-8. 摘要

26. Oliver D, Connelly JB, Victor CR, et al. Strategies to prevent falls and fractures in hospitals and care homes and effect of cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2007 Jan 13;334(7584):82.全文  摘要

27. Cameron ID, Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;12:CD005465.全文  摘要

28. Parker MJ, Gillespie WJ, Gillespie LD. Effectiveness of hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in elderly people: systematic review. BMJ. 2006 Mar 11;332(7541):571-4.全文  摘要

29. Santesso N, Carrasco-Labra A, Brignardello-Petersen R. Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(3):CD001255.全文  摘要

30. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Falls in older people: assessing risk and prevention. June 2013. [internet publication].全文

31. Jensen JS. Classification of trochanteric fractures. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980 Oct;51(5):803-10. 摘要

32. Frihagen F, Nordsletten L, Tariq R, et al. MRI diagnosis of occult hip fractures. Acta Orthop. 2005 Aug;76(4):524-30.全文  摘要

33. Verbeeten KM, Hermann KL, Hasselqvist M, et al. The advantages of MRI in the detection of occult hip fractures. Eur Radiol. 2005 Jan;15(1):165-9. 摘要

34. Rubin SJ, Marquardt JD, Gottlieb RH, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging: a cost-effective alternative to bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with suspected hip fractures. Skeletal Radiol. 1998 Apr;27(4):199-204. 摘要

35. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute hip pain - suspected fracture. 2013. [internet publication].全文

36. Handoll HH, Parker MJ. Conservative versus operative treatment for hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;(3):CD000337.全文  摘要

37. Mak JC, Cameron ID, March LM; National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia). Evidence-based guidelines for the management of hip fractures in older persons: an update. Med J Aust. 2010 Jan 4;192(1):37-41. 摘要

38. Khan SK, Kalra S, Khanna A, et al. Timing of surgery for hip fractures: a systematic review of 52 published studies involving 291,413 patients. Injury. 2009 Jul;40(7):692-7. 摘要

39. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hip fracture: management. May 2017. [internet publication].全文

40. Simunovic N, Devereaux PJ, Sprague S, et al. Effect of early surgery after hip fracture on mortality and complications: systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2010 Oct 19;182(15):1609-16.全文  摘要

41. Moja L, Piatti A, Pecoraro V, et al. Timing matters in hip fracture surgery: patients operated within 48 hours have better outcomes. A meta-analysis and meta-regression of over 190,000 patients. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46175.全文  摘要

42. Southwell-Keely JP, Russo RR, March L, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery: a metaanalysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;Feb:179-184. 摘要

43. Gillespie WJ, Walenkamp G. Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD000244.全文  摘要

44. Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Tornetta P 3rd, et al. Operative management of displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. An international survey. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Sep;87(9):2122-30. 摘要

45. Duckworth AD, Bennet SJ, Aderinto J, et al. Fixation of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in young patients: risk factors for failure. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Jun;93(6):811-6. 摘要

46. Lowe JA, Crist BD, Bhandari M, et al. Optimal treatment of femoral neck fractures according to patient's physiologic age: an evidence-based review. Orthop Clin North Am. 2010 Apr;41(2):157-66. 摘要

47. Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF, et al. Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck. A meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Sep;85-A(9):1673-81. 摘要

48. Parker MJ, Gurusamy K. Internal fixation versus arthroplasty for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD001708.全文  摘要

49. Burgers PT, Van Geene AR, Van den Bekerom MP, et al. Total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in the healthy elderly: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized trials. Int Orthop. 2012 Aug;36(8):1549-60.全文  摘要

50. Liao L, Zhao JM, Su W, et al. A meta-analysis of total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty outcomes for displaced femoral neck fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012 Jul;132(7):1021-9. 摘要

51. Yu L, Wang Y, Chen J. Total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Aug;470(8):2235-43.全文  摘要

52. Parker MJ, Gurusamy KS. Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD001467.全文  摘要

53. Bhandari M, Jin L, See K, et al. Does teriparatide improve femoral neck fracture healing: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016 May;474(5):1234-44. 摘要

54. Keating JF, Grant A, Masson M, et al. Displaced intracapsular hip fractures in fit, older people: a randomised comparison of reduction and fixation, bipolar hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Health Technol Assess. 2005 Oct;9(41):iii-iv, ix-x, 1-65.全文  摘要

55. Parker MJ, Gurusamy K, Azegami S. Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jun 16;(6):CD001706.全文  摘要

56. Keating JF, Grant A, Masson M, et al. Randomized comparison of reduction and fixation, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty. Treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fractures in healthy older patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Feb;88(2):249-60. 摘要

57. Goh SK, Samuel M, Su DH, et al. Meta-analysis comparing total hip arthroplasty with hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of displaced neck of femur fracture. J Arthroplasty. 2009 Apr;24(3):400-6. 摘要

58. Alolabi N, Alolabi B, Mundi R, et al. Surgical preferences of patients at risk of hip fractures: hemiarthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011 Dec 23;12:289.全文  摘要

59. Parker MI, Pryor G, Gurusamy K. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for intracapsular hip fractures: A randomised controlled trial in 400 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010 Jan;92(1):116-22. 摘要

60. Figved W, Opland V, Frihagen F, et al. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009 Sep;467(9):2426-35. 摘要

61. Inngul C, Blomfeldt R, Ponzer S, et al. Cemented versus uncemented arthroplasty in patients with a displaced fracture of the femoral neck: a randomised controlled trial. Bone Joint J. 2015 Nov;97-B(11):1475-80. 摘要

62. Mak JC, Cameron ID, March LM; National Health and Medical Research Council. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of hip fractures in older persons: an update. Med J Aust. 2010 Jan 4;192(1):37-41. 摘要

63. Parker MJ, Handoll HH. Gamma and other cephalocondylic intramedullary nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8;(9):CD000093.全文  摘要

64. Bhandari M, Schemitsch E, Jönsson A, et al. Gamma nails revisited: gamma nails versus compression hip screws in the management of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 2009 Jul;23(6):460-4. 摘要

65. Norris R, Bhattacharjee D, Parker MJ. Occurrence of secondary fracture around intramedullary nails used for trochanteric hip fractures: a systematic review of 13,568 patients. Injury. 2012 Jun;43(6):706-11. 摘要

66. Huang X, Leung F, Xiang Z, et al. Proximal femoral nail versus dynamic hip screw fixation for trochanteric fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:805805.全文  摘要

67. Matre K, Vinje T, Havelin LI, et al. TRIGEN INTERTAN intramedullary nail versus sliding hip screw: a prospective, randomized multicenter study on pain, function, and complications in 684 patients with an intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture and one year of follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Feb 6;95(3):200-8. 摘要

68. Reindl R, Harvey EJ, Berry GK, et al; Canadian Orthopedic Trauma Society (COTS). Intramedullary versus extramedullary fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015 Dec 2;97(23):1905-12. 摘要

69. Haidukewych GJ, Israel TA, Berry DJ. Reverse obliquity fractures of the intertrochanteric region of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 May;83-A(5):643-50. 摘要

70. Queally JM, Harris E, Handoll HH, et al. Intramedullary nails for extracapsular hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 12;(9):CD004961.全文  摘要

71. Cameron ID. Coordinated multidisciplinary rehabilitation after hip fracture. Disabil Rehabil. 2005 Sep 30-Oct 15;27(18-19):1081-90. 摘要

72. Foss NB, Kristensen MT, Palm H, et al. Postoperative pain after hip fracture is procedure specific. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jan;102(1):111-6.全文  摘要

73. Foss NB, Kristensen MT, Kristensen BB, et al. Effect of postoperative epidural analgesia on rehabilitation and pain after hip fracture surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-cotrolled trial. Anesthesiology. 2005 Jun;102(6):1197-204. 摘要

74. Momsen AM, Rasmussen JO, Nielsen CV, et al. Multidisciplinary team care in rehabilitation: an overview of reviews. J Rehabil Med. 2012 Nov;44(11):901-12.全文  摘要

75. Chudyk AM, Jutai JW, Petrella RJ, et al. Systematic review of hip fracture rehabilitation practices in the elderly. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Feb;90(2):246-62. 摘要

76. Prestmo A, Hagen G, Sletvold O, et al. Comprehensive geriatric care for patients with hip fractures: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 Apr 25;385(9978):1623-33. 摘要

77. Handoll HH, Cameron ID, Mak JC, et al. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 7;(4):CD007125. 摘要

78. Crotty M, Unroe K, Cameron ID, et al. Rehabilitation interventions for improving physical and psychosocial functioning after hip fracture in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD007624. 摘要

79. Auais MA, Eilayyan O, Mayo NE. Extended exercise rehabilitation after hip fracture improves patients' physical function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther. 2012 Nov;92(11):1437-51. 摘要

80. Handoll HH, Queally JM, Parker MJ. Pre-operative traction for hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7;(12):CD000168.全文  摘要

81. Jain R, Koo M, Kreder HJ, et al. Comparison of early and delayed fixation of subcapital hip fractures in patients sixty years of age or less. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Sep;84-A(9):1605-12. 摘要

82. Dedrick DK, Mackenzie JR, Burney RE. Complications of femoral neck fracture in young adults. J Trauma. 1986 Oct;26(10):932-7. 摘要

83. Brown JP, Josse RG. 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. CMAJ. 2002 Nov 12;167(10 Suppl):S1-34.全文  摘要

84. Beaudoin FL, Haran JP, Liebmann O. A comparison of ultrasound-guided three-in-one femoral nerve block versus parenteral opioids alone for analgesia in emergency department patients with hip fractures: a randomized controlled trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2013 Jun;20(6):584-91.全文  摘要

85. Magaziner J, Simonsick EM, Kashner TM, et al. Predictors of functional recovery one year following hospital discharge for hip fracture: a prospective study. J Gerontol. 1990 May;45(3):M101-7. 摘要

86. Fredman L, Hawkes WG, Black S, et al. Elderly patients with hip fracture with positive affect have better functional recovery over 2 years. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Jul;54(7):1074-81. 摘要

87. Thorngren KG. Fractures in the elderly. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1995 Oct;266:208-10. 摘要

88. Thorngren KG. Fractures in older persons. Disabil Rehabil. 1994 Jul-Sep;16(3):119-26. 摘要

89. Borgquist L, Ceder L, Thorngren KG. Function and social status 10 years after hip fracture. Prospective follow-up of 103 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1990 Oct;61(5):404-10. 摘要

90. Marottoli RA, Berkman LF, Cooney LM Jr. Decline in physical function following hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992 Sep;40(9):861-6. 摘要

91. Marottoli RA, Berkman LF, Leo-Summers L, et al. Predictors of mortality and institutionalization after hip fracture: the New Haven EPESE (Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly) cohort. Am J Public Health. 1994 Nov;84(11):1807-12.全文  摘要

92. Smith T, Pelpola K, Ball M, et al. Pre-operative indicators for mortality following hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2014 Jul;43(4):464-71.全文  摘要

93. Farooqi V, van den Berg ME, Cameron ID, et al. Anabolic steroids for rehabilitation after hip fracture in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 6;(10):CD008887.全文  摘要

94. Siddiqi N, Harrison JK, Clegg A, et al. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 11;3:CD005563.全文  摘要

95. Grigoryan KV, Javedan H, Rudolph JL. Orthogeriatric care models and outcomes in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 2014 Mar;28(3):e49-55.全文  摘要

96. Testroote M, Stigter WA, Janssen L, et al. Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower-leg immobilization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Apr 25;(4):CD006681.全文  摘要

97. Falck-Ytter Y, Francis CW, Johanson NA, et al; American College of Chest Physicians. Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e278S-e325S.全文  摘要

98. Forster R, Stewart M. Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 30;3:CD004179.全文  摘要

99. Marsland D, Mears SC, Kates SL. Venous thromboembolic prophylaxis for hip fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2010 Dec;21(Suppl 4):S593-604. 摘要

100. Qaseem A, Snow V, Shekelle P, et al; Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians. Pharmacologic treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Sep 16;149(6):404-15.全文  摘要

101. North American Menopause Society. Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: 2010 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2010 Jan-Feb;17(1):25-54;全文  摘要

102. Bell JJ, Bauer JD, Capra S, et al. Quick and easy is not without cost: implications of poorly performing nutrition screening tools in hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Feb;62(2):237-43. 摘要