二尖瓣脱垂

Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Feb 2;143(5):e72-e227.全文  摘要

Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2021 Aug 28:ehab395.全文  摘要

Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:3075-3128.全文  摘要

1. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Feb 2;143(5):e72-e227.全文  摘要

2. Bonow RO, O'Gara PT, Adams DH, et al. 2020 Focused update of the 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 May 5;75(17):2236-70.全文  摘要

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19. Freed LA, Acierno JS Jr., Dai D, et al. A locus for autosomal dominant mitral valve prolapse on chromosome 11p15.4. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Jun;72(6):1551-9.全文  摘要

20. Nesta F, Leyne M, Yosefy C, et al. New locus for autosomal dominant mitral valve prolapse on chromosome 13: clinical insights from genetic studies. Circulation. 2005 Sep 27;112(13):2022-30.全文  摘要

21. Davies MJ, Moore BP, Braimbridge MV. The floppy mitral valve: study of incidence, pathology, and complications in surgical, necropsy, and forensic material. Br Heart J. 1978 May;40(5):468-81.全文  摘要

22. King BD, Clark MA, Baba N, et al. "Myxomatous" mitral valves: collagen dissolution as the primary defect. Circulation. 1982 Aug;66(2):288-96. 摘要

23. Hirata K, Triposkiadis F, Sparks E, et al. The Marfan syndrome: cardiovascular physical findings and diagnostic correlates. Am Heart J. 1992 Mar;123(3):743-52. 摘要

24. Leier CV, Call TD, Fulkerson PK, et al. The spectrum of cardiac defects in the Ehlers Danlos syndrome, types I and III. Ann Intern Med. 1980 Feb;92(2 Pt 1):171-8. 摘要

25. Lebwohl MG, Distefano D, Prioleau PG, et al. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and mitral valve prolapse. N Engl J Med. 1982 Jul 22;307(4):228-31. 摘要

26. Griffin BP. Timing of surgical intervention in chronic mitral regurgitation: is vigilance enough? Circulation. 2006 May 9;113(18):2169-72.全文  摘要

27. Lax D, Eicher M, Goldberg SJ. Mild dehydration induces echocardiographic signs of mitral valve prolapse in healthy females with prior normal cardiac findings. Am Heart J. 1992 Dec;124(6):1533-40. 摘要

28. Schreiber TL, Feigenbaum H, Weyman AE. Effect of atrial septal defect repair on left ventricular geometry and degree of mitral valve prolapse. Circulation. 1980 May;61(5):888-96. 摘要

29. Eriksson MJ, Bitkover CY, Omran AS, et al. Mitral annular disjunction in advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease: echocardiographic detection and surgical correction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005 Oct;18(10):1014-22.全文  摘要

30. Basso C, Iliceto S, Thiene G, et al. Mitral valve prolapse, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):952-64.全文  摘要

31. Garg P, Swift AJ, Zhong L, et al. Assessment of mitral valve regurgitation by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020 May;17(5):298-312.全文  摘要

32. Fornes P, Heudes D, Fuzellier JF, et al. Correlation between clinical and histologic patterns of degenerative mitral valve insufficiency: a histomorphometric study of 130 excised segments. Cardiovasc Pathol. 1999 Mar-Apr;8(2):81-92. 摘要

33. Attenhofer Jost CH, Turina J, Mayer K, et al. Echocardiography in the evaluation of systolic murmurs of unknown cause. Am J Med. 2000 Jun 1;108(8):614-20. 摘要

34. Avierinos JF, Gersh BJ, Melton LJ 3rd, et al. Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community. Circulation. 2002 Sep 10;106(11):1355-61.全文  摘要

35. Takamoto T, Nitta M, Tsujibayashi T, et al. The prevalence and clinical features of pathologically abnormal mitral valve leaflets (myxomatous mitral valve) in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome: an echocardiographic and pathological comparative study [in Japanese]. J Cardiol Suppl. 1991;25:75-86. 摘要

36. Zuppiroli A, Mori F, Favilli S, et al. Arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse: relation to anterior mitral leaflet thickening, clinical variables, and color Doppler echocardiographic parameters. Am Heart J. 1994 Nov;128(5):919-27. 摘要

37. Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, et al. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography: summary article – a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE committee to update the 1997 guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography). Circulation. 2003 Sep 2;108(9):1146-62.全文  摘要

38. Olson LJ, Subramanian R, Ackermann DM, et al. Surgical pathology of the mitral valve: a study of 712 cases spanning 21 years. Mayo Clin Proc. 1987 Jan;62(1):22-34. 摘要

39. Wilcken DE, Hickey AJ. Lifetime risk for patients with mitral valve prolapse of developing severe valve regurgitation requiring surgery. Circulation. 1988 Jul;78(1):10-4. 摘要

40. Hayek, E, Gring GN, Griffin BP. Mitral valve prolapse. Lancet. 2005 Feb 5-11;365(9458):507-18. 摘要

41. Winkle RA, Lopes MG, Goodman DJ, et al. Propranolol for patients with mitral valve prolapse. Am Heart J. 1977 Apr;93(4):422-7. 摘要

42. Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-e467.全文  摘要

43. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2021 Aug 28:ehab395.全文  摘要

44. Lansberg MG, O'Donnell MJ, Khatri P, et al. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e601S-36S.全文  摘要

45. Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-e467.全文  摘要

46. Writing Committee Members., Otto CM, Nishimura RA, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Feb 2;77(4):450-500.全文  摘要

47. Maron BJ, Zipes DP. Introduction: eligibility recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities – general considerations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Apr 19;45(8):1318-21. 摘要

48. Maron BJ, Ackerman MJ, Nishimura RA, et al. Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Apr 19;45(8):1340-5.全文  摘要

49. Barber JE, Kasper FK, Ratliff NB, et al. Mechanical properties of myxomatous mitral valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Nov;122(5):955-62. 摘要

50. Frary CJ, Devereux RB, Kramer-Fox R, et al. Clinical and health care cost consequences of infective endocarditis in mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol. 1994 Feb 1;73(4):263-7. 摘要

51. Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:3075-3128.全文  摘要

52. Kligfield P, Levy D, Devereux RB, et al. Arrhythmias and sudden death in mitral valve prolapse. Am Heart J. 1987 May;113(5):1298-307. 摘要

53. Orencia AJ, Petty GW, Khandheria BK, et al. Risk of stroke with mitral valve prolapse in population-based cohort study. Stroke. 1995 Jan;26(1):7-13.全文  摘要

54. Avierinos JF, Brown RD, Foley DA, et al. Cerebral ischemic events after diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: a community-based study of incidence and predictive factors. Stroke. 2003 Jun;34(6):1339-44.全文  摘要

55. Kligfield P, Hochreiter C, Kramer H, et al. Complex arrhythmias in mitral regurgitation with and without mitral valve prolapse: contrast to arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse without mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 1985 Jun 1;55(13 Pt 1):1545-9. 摘要