小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 暴露于环境酷热或剧烈运动史
- 中枢神经系统功能障碍
- 体温过高(>40°C)
- 无汗症
- 危险因素
其他诊断因素
- 极度口渴(热射病或热衰竭)
- 虚弱(热射病或热衰竭)
- 焦虑(热射病或热衰竭)
- 头晕(热射病或热衰竭)
- 晕厥(热射病或热衰竭)
- 头痛(热射病或热衰竭)
- 恶心/呕吐(热射病或热衰竭)
- 窦性心动过速
- 呼吸急促
- 黄疸
- 肌肉压痛
- 低血压
- 瘀伤和皮肤出血
危险因素
- 老年
- 认知受损
- 患者无法照顾自己
- 药物治疗
- 缺乏对高温环境的适应能力
- 已患有脱水
- 肥胖
- 机体状况较差
- 环境因素
- 在高温高湿条件下剧烈运动的年轻人、活跃人群
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 直肠温度
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
- 肝功能检测
- 肾功能检查
- 葡萄糖
- 电解质
- 动脉血气分析
- 肌酸激酶
- 凝血功能检查
- 尿液分析
- 心电图(ECG)
治疗流程
热射病
中暑衰竭
撰稿人
专家顾问
Alexander Alexiou, MB, BS, BSc, DCH, FRCEM, Dip IMC RCSEd
Flight Doctor
Greater Sydney Area Helicopter Emergency Medical Service
Sydney
New South Wales
Australia
利益声明
AA declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor, whose work is retained in parts of the content:
James L. Glazer, MD, FACSM, CAQSM
Assistant Professor
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston
MA
同行评议者
Helen Small, FRCEM, MSc Sports and Exercise Medicine
Consultant in Emergency Medicine
Barnet Hospital
Royal Free London
London
UK
利益声明
HS declares that she has no competing interests.
编辑
Helena Delgado-Cohen
Section Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
HDC declares that she has no competing interests.
Tannaz Aliabadi-Oglesby
Lead Section Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
TAO declares that she has no competing interests.
Rachel Wheeler
Lead Section Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
RW declares that she has no competing interests.
Annabel Sidwell
Comorbidities Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
AS declares that she has no competing interests.
Adam Mitchell
Drug Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
AM declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 谵妄
- 脑膜炎
- 糖尿病酮症酸中毒
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