急性阑尾炎

参考文献

关键文献

Di Saverio S, Podda M, de Simone B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Apr 15;15(1):27.全文  摘要

Gorter RR, Eker HH, Gorter-Stam MA, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis: EAES consensus development conference 2015. Surg Endosc. 2016 Nov;30(11):4668-90.全文  摘要

Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons of England. Commissioning guide: emergency general surgery (acute abdominal pain). April 2014 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

1. Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sci. 1886;92:321-46.

2. Moris D, Paulson EK, Pappas TN. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults: a review. JAMA. 2021 Dec 14;326(22):2299-311. 摘要

3. Lapsa S, Ozolins A, Strumfa I, et al. Acute appendicitis in the elderly: a literature review on an increasingly frequent surgical problem. Geriatrics (Basel). 2021 Sep 18;6(3):93.全文  摘要

4. Antoniou SA, Mavridis D, Kontouli KM, et al. EAES rapid guideline: appendicitis in the elderly. Surg Endosc. 2021 Jul;35(7):3233-43. 摘要

5. Fugazzola P, Ceresoli M, Agnoletti V, et al. The SIFIPAC/WSES/SICG/SIMEU guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis in the elderly (2019 edition). World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Mar 10;15(1):19.全文  摘要

6. Andersen B, Nielsen TF. Appendicitis in pregnancy: diagnosis, management and complications. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999 Oct;78(9):758-62. 摘要

7. Di Saverio S, Podda M, de Simone B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Apr 15;15(1):27.全文  摘要

8. Davenport M. Acute abdominal pain in children. BMJ. 1996 Feb 24;312(7029):498-501.全文  摘要

9. Benabbas R, Hanna M, Shah J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and point-of-care ultrasound for pediatric acute appendicitis in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2017 May;24(5):523-51.全文  摘要

10. NHS England. Hospital admitted patient care activity, 2021-22. Sep 2022 [internet publication].全文

11. Ferris M, Quan S, Kaplan BS, et al. The global incidence of appendicitis: a systematic review of population-based studies. Ann Surg. 2017 Aug;266(2):237-41. 摘要

12. Snyder MJ, Guthrie M, Cagle S. Acute appendicitis: efficient diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Jul 1;98(1):25-33.全文  摘要

13. Gorter RR, Eker HH, Gorter-Stam MA, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis: EAES consensus development conference 2015. Surg Endosc. 2016 Nov;30(11):4668-90.全文  摘要

14. Eslahi AV, Olfatifar M, Houshmand E, et al. Parasites in surgically removed appendices as a neglected public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathog Glob Health. 2022 Sep;116(6):341-55.全文  摘要

15. Zacarias M, Pizzol D, de Miranda H, et al. Schistosomal appendicitis: Case series and systematic literature review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Jun;15(6):e0009478.全文  摘要

16. Di Sebastiano P, Fink T, di Mola FF, et al. Neuroimmune appendicitis. Lancet. 1999 Aug 7;354(9177):461-6. 摘要

17. Peisl S, Burckhardt O, Egger B. Neurogenic appendicopathy: an underestimated disease-systematic review of the literature. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2021 Sep;36(9):1995-2005. 摘要

18. Soffer D, Zait S, Klausner J, et al. Peritoneal cultures and antibiotic treatment in patients with perforated appendicitis. Eur J Surg. 2001 Mar;167(3):214-6. 摘要

19. Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, et al, eds. Schwartz's principles of surgery. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005.

20. Huis in 't Veld JH. Gastrointestinal flora and health in man and animal [in Dutch]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1991 Mar 1;116(5):232-9. 摘要

21. Walker AR, Segal I. What causes appendicitis? J Clin Gastroenterol. 1990 Apr;12(2):127-9. 摘要

22. Montgomery SM, Pounder RE, Wakefield AJ. Smoking in adults and passive smoking in children are associated with acute appendicitis. Lancet. 1999 Jan 30;353(9150):379. 摘要

23. Oldmeadow C, Wood I, Mengersen K, et al. Investigation of the relationship between smoking and appendicitis in Australian twins. Ann Epidemiol. 2008 Aug;18(8):631-6. 摘要

24. Lee SL, Walsh AJ, Ho HS. Computed tomography and ultrasonography do not improve and may delay the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis. Arch Surg. 2001 May;136(5):556-62.全文  摘要

25. Lewis SR, Mahony PJ, Simpson J. Appendicitis. BMJ. 2011 Oct 6;343:d5976. 摘要

26. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. September 2017 [internet publication].全文

27. Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons of England. Commissioning guide: emergency general surgery (acute abdominal pain). April 2014 [internet publication].全文

28. Carstens AK, Fensby L, Penninga L. Nonoperative treatment of appendicitis during pregnancy in a remote area. AJP Rep. 2018 Jan;8(1):e37-8.全文  摘要

29. Humes DJ, Simpson J. Acute appendicitis. BMJ. 2006 Sep 9;333(7567):530-4.全文  摘要

30. American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Appendicitis, Diercks DB, Adkins EJ, et al. Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of emergency department patients with suspected appendicitis: approved by ACEP Board of Directors February 1, 2023. Ann Emerg Med. 2023 Jun;81(6):e115-52.全文  摘要

31. Bhangu A; RIFT Study Group on behalf of the West Midlands Research Collaborative. Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2020 Jan;107(1):73-86.全文  摘要

32. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. Oct 2023 [internet publication].全文

33. Makama JG, Kache SA, Ajah LJ, et al. Intestinal obstruction caused by appendicitis: a systematic review. J West Afr Coll Surg. 2017 Jul-Sep;7(3):94-115.全文  摘要

34. Brown JJ, Wilson C, Coleman S, Joypaul BV. Appendicitis in pregnancy: an ongoing diagnostic dilemma. Colorectal Dis. 2009 Feb;11(2):116-22. 摘要

35. Baird DLH, Simillis C, Kontovounisios C, et al. Acute appendicitis. BMJ. 2017 Apr 19;357:j1703. 摘要

36. Takada T, Nishiwaki H, Yamamoto Y, et al. The role of digital rectal examination for diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 2;10(9):e0136996.全文  摘要

37. Manterola C, Vial M, Moraga J, et al. Analgesia in patients with acute abdominal pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD005660.全文  摘要

38. Green R, Bulloch B, Kabani A, et al. Early analgesia for children with acute abdominal pain. Pediatrics. 2005 Oct;116(4):978-83. 摘要

39. Chong CF, Adi MI, Thien A, et al. Development of the RIPASA score: a new appendicitis scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Singapore Med J. 2010 Mar;51(3):220-5.全文  摘要

40. de Castro SM, Ünlü C, Steller EP, et al. Evaluation of the appendicitis inflammatory response score for patients with acute appendicitis. World J Surg. 2012 Jul;36(7):1540-5.全文  摘要

41. Sammalkorpi HE, Mentula P, Savolainen H, et al. The introduction of Adult Appendicitis Score reduced negative appendectomy rate. Scand J Surg. 2017 Sep;106(3):196-201.全文  摘要

42. Tan WJ, Acharyya S, Goh YC, et al. Prospective comparison of the Alvarado score and CT scan in the evaluation of suspected appendicitis: a proposed algorithm to guide CT use. J Am Coll Surg. 2015 Feb;220(2):218-24. 摘要

43. Samuel M. Pediatric appendicitis score. J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Jun;37(6):877-81. 摘要

44. Kulik DM, Uleryk EM, Maguire JL. Does this child have appendicitis? A systematic review of clinical prediction rules for children with acute abdominal pain. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Jan;66(1):95-104.全文  摘要

45. Song CW, Kang JW, Kim JY. Different clinical features and lower scores in clinical scoring systems for appendicitis in preschool children: comparison with school age onset. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2018 Jan;21(1):51-8.全文  摘要

46. Chung PHY, Dai K, Yang Z, et al. Validity of Alvarado Score in predicting disease severity and postoperative complication in pediatric acute appendicitis. World J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Feb 12;2:e000003.全文

47. Macco S, Vrouenraets BC, de Castro SM. Evaluation of scoring systems in predicting acute appendicitis in children. Surgery. 2016 Dec;160(6):1599-604. 摘要

48. Benito J, Fernandez S, Gendive M, et al. A new clinical score to identify children at low risk for appendicitis. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Mar;38(3):554-61. 摘要

49. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018;56(12):2015-38. 摘要

50. van Tol RR, Breukink SO, Lahaye MJ, et al. Inclusion of C-reactive protein and white blood cell count in diagnostic workup of patients with clinically suspected appendicitis stratifies for imaging. J Med Diagn Meth 2016;5:2.全文

51. Andersson RE. Meta-analysis of the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2004 Jan;91(1):28-37. 摘要

52. Bendeck SE, Nino-Murcia M, Berry GJ, et al. Imaging for suspected appendicitis: negative appendectomy and perforation rates. Radiology. 2002 Oct;225(1):131-6. 摘要

53. Bachur RG, Callahan MJ, Monuteaux MC, et al. Integration of ultrasound findings and a clinical score in the diagnostic evaluation of pediatric appendicitis. J Pediatr. 2015 May;166(5):1134-9. 摘要

54. Basaran A, Basaran M. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis during pregnancy: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2009 Jul;64(7):481-8. 摘要

55. D'Souza N, Hicks G, Beable R, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 14;12(12):CD012028.全文  摘要

56. Choi D, Park H, Lee YR, et al. The most useful finding for the diagnosing acute appendicitis on contrast-enhanced helical CT. Acta Radiol. 2003 Nov;44(6):574-82. 摘要

57. Dahabreh IJ, Adam GP, Halladay CW, et al. Diagnosis of right lower quadrant pain and suspected acute appendicitis. In: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). AHRQ Comparative effectiveness reviews report no. 15(16)-EHC025-EF. 2015. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).全文  摘要

58. Terasawa T, Blackmore CC, Bent S, et al. Systematic review: computed tomography and ultrasonography to detect acute appendicitis in adults and adolescents. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Oct 5;141(7):537-46. 摘要

59. Fu J, Zhou X, Chen L, et al. Abdominal ultrasound and its diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing acute appendicitis: a meta-analysis. Front Surg. 2021;8:707160.全文  摘要

60. Rud B, Vejborg TS, Rappeport ED, et al. Computed tomography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 19;2019(11):CD009977.全文  摘要

61. Hlibczuk V, Dattaro JA, Jin Z, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of noncontrast computed tomography for appendicitis in adults: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2010 Jan;55(1):51-9. 摘要

62. Wei B, Qi CL, Chen TF, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute appendicitis: a metaanalysis. Surg Endosc. 2011 Apr;25(4):1199-208. 摘要

63. Arruzza E, Milanese S, Li LSK, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography and ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiography (Lond). 2022 Nov;28(4):1127-41. 摘要

64. Anderson BA, Salem L, Flum DR. A systematic review of whether oral contrast is necessary for the computed tomography diagnosis of appendicitis in adults. Am J Surg. 2005 Sep;190(3):474-8. 摘要

65. Yamamoto M, Ando T, Kanai S, et al. Abnormal urinalysis in acute appendicitis. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1985 Oct;31(10):1723-5.全文  摘要

66. Gray J, Wardrope J, Fothergill DJ. 7 Abdominal pain, abdominal pain in women, complications of pregnancy and labour. Emerg Med J. 2004 Sep;21(5):606-13. 摘要

67. Eun S, Ho IG, Bae GE, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for the diagnosis of pediatric acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Nov;25(22):7097-7107.全文  摘要

68. Giannis D, Matenoglou E, Moris D. Hyponatremia as a marker of complicated appendicitis: a systematic review. Surgeon. 2020 Oct;18(5):295-304. 摘要

69. Zhan W, Deng W, Liu Y, et al. Hyponatremia as a predictor of complicated appendicitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg. 2022 Oct;45(10):2009-11.全文  摘要

70. Anand S, Pakkasjärvi N, Bajpai M, et al. Utility of Pentraxin-3 as a biomarker for diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2022 Aug;38(8):1105-12.全文  摘要

71. Shi W, Wu Y, Zhong L, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of serum amyloid A in acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2022 May;23(4):380-7. 摘要

72. Tullavardhana T, Sanguanlosit S, Chartkitchareon A. Role of platelet indices as a biomarker for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and as a predictor of complicated appendicitis: a meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021 Jun;66:102448.全文  摘要

73. Shen G, Li S, Shao Z, et al. Platelet indices in patients with acute appendicitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Updates Surg. 2021 Aug;73(4):1327-41. 摘要

74. Chiu YH, Chen JD, Wang SH, et al. Whether intravenous contrast is necessary for CT diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adult ED patients? Acad Radiol. 2013 Jan;20(1):73-8.全文  摘要

75. Hajibandeh S, Hajibandeh S, Hobbs N, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts acute appendicitis and distinguishes between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Surg. 2020 Jan;219(1):154-63. 摘要

76. Sabiston D. The biliary system. In: Sabiston D, Lyerly HK, eds. Textbook of surgery: the biological basis of modern surgical practice. 15th ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company; 1997:1127.

77. Vincelette J, Schirm J, Bogard M, et al. Multicenter evaluation of the fully automated COBAS AMPLICATOR PCR test for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jan;37(1):74-80.全文  摘要

78. Uhe I, Meyer J, Viviano M, et al. Caecal diverticulitis can be misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis: a systematic review of the literature. Colorectal Dis. 2021 Oct;23(10):2515-26.全文  摘要

79. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital. May 2017 [internet publication].全文

80. NHS England. Sepsis guidance implementation advice for adults. September 2017 [internet publication].全文

81. Royal College of Physicians. National early warning score (NEWS) 2: standardising the assessment of acute-illness severity in the NHS. December 2017 [internet publication].全文

82. Nutbeam T, Daniels R; The UK Sepsis Trust. Professional resources: clinical [internet publication].全文

83. Bion J, Barton G, Boyle A, et al. Academy of Medical Royal Colleges statement on the initial antimicrobial treatment of sepsis V2.0. Oct 2022 [internet publication].全文

84. Weston P, Moroz P. Appendicitis in pregnancy: how to manage and whether to deliver. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Apr;17(2):105-10.

85. United Kingdom National Surgical Research Collaborative; Bhangu A. Safety of short, in-hospital delays before surgery for acute appendicitis: multicentre cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2014 May;259(5):894-903. 摘要

86. Andersen BR, Kallehave FL, Andersen HK. Antibiotics versus placebo for prevention of postoperative infection after appendicectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD001439.全文  摘要

87. Salminen P, Paajanen H, Rautio T, et al. Antibiotic therapy vs appendectomy for treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: the APPAC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Jun 16;313(23):2340-8. 摘要

88. Bhangu A, Søreide K, Di Saverio S, et al. Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet. 2015 Sep 26;386(10000):1278-87. 摘要

89. Flum DR. Clinical practice: acute appendicitis – appendectomy or the "antibiotics first" strategy. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 14;372(20):1937-43. 摘要

90. de Almeida Leite RM, Seo DJ, Gomez-Eslava B, et al. Nonoperative vs operative management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Surg. 2022 Sep 1;157(9):828-34.全文  摘要

91. Emile SH, Sakr A, Shalaby M, et al. Efficacy and safety of non-operative management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis compared to appendectomy: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-Analyses. World J Surg. 2022 May;46(5):1022-38.全文  摘要

92. Herrod PJJ, Kwok AT, Lobo DN. Randomized clinical trials comparing antibiotic therapy with appendicectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis. BJS Open. 2022 Jul 7;6(4):zrac100.全文  摘要

93. Meier J, Stevens A, Bhat A, et al. Outcomes of nonoperative vs operative management of acute appendicitis in older adults in the US. JAMA Surg. 2023 Jun 1;158(6):625-32. 摘要

94. Mahida JB, Lodwick DL, Nacion KM, et al. High failure rate of nonoperative management of acute appendicitis with an appendicolith in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Jun;51(6):908-11. 摘要

95. Ventham NT, Dungworth JC, Benzoni C. Transition towards laparoscopic appendicectomy at a UK center over a 7-year period. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2015 Feb;25(1):59-63. 摘要

96. Markar SR, Penna M, Harris A. Laparoscopic approach to appendectomy reduces the incidence of short- and long-term post-operative bowel obstruction: systematic review and pooled analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014 Sep;18(9):1683-92. 摘要

97. Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, et al. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 23;1(1):CD007798.全文  摘要

98. Kasatpibal N, Nørgaard M, Sørensen HT, et al. Risk of surgical site infection and efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis: a cohort study of appendectomy patients in Thailand. BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Jul 12;6:111.全文  摘要

99. Daskalakis K, Juhlin C, Påhlman L. The use of pre- or postoperative antibiotics in surgery for appendicitis: a systematic review. Scand J Surg. 2014 Mar;103(1):14-20.全文  摘要

100. Mui LM, Ng CS, Wong SK, et al. Optimum duration of prophylactic antibiotics in acute non-perforated appendicitis. ANZ J Surg. 2005 Jun;75(6):425-8. 摘要

101. Pinto DJ, Sanderson PJ. Rational use of antibiotic therapy after appendicectomy. Br Med J. 1980 Feb 2;280(6210):275-7.全文  摘要

102. Ambrose NS, Donovan IA, Wise R, et al. Metronidazole and ticarcillin in the prevention of sepsis after appendicectomy. Am J Surg. 1983 Sep;146(3):346-8. 摘要

103. Coakley BA, Sussman ES, Wolfson TS, et al. Postoperative antibiotics correlate with worse outcomes after appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis. J Am Coll Surg. 2011 Dec;213(6):778-83. 摘要

104. van Rossem CC, Schreinemacher MH, Treskes K, et al. Duration of antibiotic treatment after appendicectomy for acute complicated appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2014 May;101(6):715-9. 摘要

105. Liew AN, Lim KY, Quach D, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in pregnancy: experience from a single institution and meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg. 2022 May;92(5):1071-8. 摘要

106. Zeng Q, Aierken A, Gu SS, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for appendicitis in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2021 May 3;31(5):637-44. 摘要

107. de Wijkerslooth EML, Bakas JM, van Rosmalen J, et al. Same-day discharge after appendectomy for acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2021 Jun;36(6):1297-309.全文  摘要

108. Liu Z, Zhang P, Ma Y, et al. Laparoscopy or not: a meta-analysis of the surgical effects of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2010 Dec;20(6):362-70. 摘要

109. Jaschinski T, Mosch CG, Eikermann M, et al. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 28;(11):CD001546.全文  摘要

110. Zhang G, Wu B. Meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy in the treatment of acute appendicitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2022 May 26;17(1):26.全文  摘要

111. Alganabi M, Biouss G, Pierro A. Surgical site infection after open and laparoscopic surgery in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2021 Aug;37(8):973-81. 摘要

112. Kraemer M, Ohmann C, Leppert R, et al. Macroscopic assessment of the appendix at diagnostic laparoscopy is reliable. Surg Endosc. 2000 Jul;14(7):625-33. 摘要

113. van den Broek WT, Bijnen AB, de Ruiter P, et al. A normal appendix found during diagnostic laparoscopy should not be removed. Br J Surg. 2001 Feb;88(2):251-4. 摘要

114. Jaschinski T, Mosch C, Eikermann M, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in patients with suspected appendicitis: a systematic review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015 Apr 15;15:48.全文  摘要

115. Zhang J, Wang M, Xin Z, et al. Updated evaluation of laparoscopic vs. open appendicectomy during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Surg. 2021;8:720351.全文  摘要

116. Lee SH, Lee JY, Choi YY, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis. BMC Surg. 2019 Apr 25;19(1):41.全文  摘要

117. Wang YC, Yang HR, Chung PK, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy in the elderly. Surg Endosc. 2006 Jun;20(6):887-9. 摘要

118. Kim MJ, Fleming FJ, Gunzler DD, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe and efficacious for the elderly: an analysis using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. Surg Endosc. 2011 Jun;25(6):1802-7. 摘要

119. Yeh CC, Wu SC, Liao CC, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis is more favorable for patients with comorbidities, the elderly, and those with complicated appendicitis: a nationwide population-based study. Surg Endosc. 2011 Sep;25(9):2932-42. 摘要

120. Masoomi H, Mills S, Dolich MO, et al. Does laparoscopic appendectomy impart an advantage over open appendectomy in elderly patients? World J Surg. 2012 Jul;36(7):1534-9. 摘要

121. Southgate E, Vousden N, Karthikesalingam A, et al. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy in older patients. Arch Surg. 2012 Jun;147(6):557-62.全文  摘要

122. Busch M, Gutzwiller FS, Aellig S, et al. In-hospital delay increases the risk of perforation in adults with appendicitis. World J Surg. 2011 Jul;35(7):1626-33. 摘要

123. Teo AT, Lefter LP, Zarrouk AJ, et al. Institutional review of patients presenting with suspected appendicitis. ANZ J Surg. 2015 Jun;85(6):420-4. 摘要

124. Stahlfeld K, Hower J, Homitsky S, et al. Is acute appendicitis a surgical emergency? Am Surg. 2007 Jun;73(6):626-9. 摘要

125. Livingston EH, Woodward WA, Sarosi GA, et al. Disconnect between incidence of nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: implications for pathophysiology and management. Ann Surg. 2007 Jun;245(6):886-92.全文  摘要

126. CODA Collaborative; Flum DR, Davidson GH, Monsell SE, et al. A randomized trial comparing antibiotics with appendectomy for appendicitis. N Engl J Med. 2020 Nov 12;383(20):1907-19.全文  摘要

127. Supreme Court (UK). Judgment: Montgomery (appellant) v Lanarkshire Health Board (respondent) (Scotland). March 2015 [internet publication].全文

128. Andersson RE. The natural history and traditional management of appendicitis revisited: spontaneous resolution and predominance of prehospital perforations imply that a correct diagnosis is more important than an early diagnosis. World J Surg. 2007 Jan;31(1):86-92. 摘要

129. Andersson RE, Hugander A, Ravn H, et al. Repeated clinical and laboratory examinations in patients with an equivocal diagnosis of appendicitis. World J Surg. 2000 Apr;24(4):479-85. 摘要

130. Salminen P, Tuominen R, Paajanen H, et al. Five-year follow-up of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in the APPAC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018 Sep 25;320(12):1259-65.全文  摘要

131. Kiblawi R, Zoeller C, Zanini A, et al. Laparoscopic versus open pediatric surgery: three decades of comparative studies. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Feb;32(1):9-25. 摘要

132. Zhang S, Du T, Jiang X, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy in children with perforated appendicitis: a meta-analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2017 Aug;27(4):262-6. 摘要

133. Yu MC, Feng YJ, Wang W, et al. Is laparoscopic appendectomy feasible for complicated appendicitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2017 Apr;40:187-97.全文  摘要

134. Low ZX, Bonney GK, So JBY, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in pediatric patients with complicated appendicitis: a meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2019 Dec;33(12):4066-77. 摘要

135. Temple CL, Shirley AH, Temple WJ. The natural history of appendicitis in adults: a prospective study. Ann Surg. 1995 Mar;221(3):278-81.全文  摘要

136. Franz MG, Norman J, Fabri PJ. Increased morbidity of appendicitis with advancing age. Am Surg. 1995 Jan;61(1):40-4. 摘要

137. Teixeira PG, Sivrikoz E, Inaba K, et al. Appendectomy timing: waiting until the next morning increases the risk of surgical site infections. Ann Surg. 2012 Sep;256(3):538-43. 摘要

138. Ahmed A, Feroz SH, Dominic JL, et al. Is emergency appendicectomy better than elective appendicectomy for the treatment of appendiceal phlegmon?: A Review. Cureus. 2020 Dec 12;12(12):e12045.全文  摘要

139. Dimitriou I, Reckmann B, Nephuth O, et al. Single institution's experience in laparoscopic appendectomy as a suitable therapy for complicated appendicitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2013 Jan;398(1):147-52. 摘要

140. Thomson JE, Kruger D, Jann-Kruger C, et al. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for complicated appendicitis: a randomized controlled trial to prove safety. Surg Endosc. 2015 Jul;29(7):2027-32. 摘要

141. Tuggle KR, Ortega G, Bolorunduro OB, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in complicated appendicitis: a review of the NSQIP database. J Surg Res. 2010 Oct;163(2):225-8. 摘要

142. Athanasiou C, Lockwood S, Markides GA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in adults with complicated appendicitis: an update of the literature. World J Surg. 2017 Dec;41(12):3083-99. 摘要

143. Simillis C, Symeonides P, Shorthouse AJ, et al. A meta-analysis comparing conservative treatment versus acute appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (abscess or phlegmon). Surgery. 2010 Jun;147(6):818-29. 摘要

144. Andersson RE, Petzold MG. Nonsurgical treatment of appendiceal abscess or phlegmon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2007 Nov;246(5):741-8. 摘要

145. Horn CB, Coleoglou Centeno AA, Guerra JJ, et al. Drain failure in intra-abdominal abscesses associated with appendicitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2018 Apr;19(3):321-5. 摘要

146. Gavriilidis P, de'Angelis N, Katsanos K, et al. Acute appendicectomy or conservative treatment for complicated appendicitis (phlegmon or abscess)? A systematic review by updated traditional and cumulative meta-analysis. J Clin Med Res. 2019 Jan;11(1):56-64. 摘要

147. Mentula P, Sammalkorpi H, Leppäniemi A. Laparoscopic surgery or conservative treatment for appendiceal abscess in adults? A randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2015;262:237-42. 摘要

148. Mällinen J, Rautio T, Grönroos J, et al. Risk of appendiceal neoplasm in periappendicular abscess in patients treated with interval appendectomy vs follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging: 1-year outcomes of the Peri-Appendicitis Acuta randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2019 Mar 1;154(3):200-7.全文  摘要

149. Renteria O, Shahid Z, Huerta S. Outcomes of appendectomy in elderly veteran patients. Surgery. 2018 Sep;164(3):460-5. 摘要

150. Peltrini R, Cantoni V, Green R, et al. Risk of appendiceal neoplasm after interval appendectomy for complicated appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon. 2021 Dec;19(6):e549-58. 摘要

151. Hayes D, Reiter S, Hagen E, et al. Is interval appendectomy really needed? A closer look at neoplasm rates in adult patients undergoing interval appendectomy after complicated appendicitis. Surg Endosc. 2021 Jul;35(7):3855-60. 摘要

152. Skendelas JP, Alemany VS, Au V, et al. Appendiceal adenocarcinoma found by surgery for acute appendicitis is associated with older age. BMC Surg. 2021 May 2;21(1):228.全文  摘要

153. Rushing A, Bugaev N, Jones C, et al. Management of acute appendicitis in adults: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019 Jul;87(1):214-24.全文  摘要

154. Song CW, Kang JW, Kim JY. Different clinical features and lower scores in clinical scoring systems for appendicitis in preschool children: comparison with school age onset. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2018 Jan;21(1):51-8.全文  摘要

155. Stringer MD. Acute appendicitis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2017 Nov;53(11):1071-6. 摘要

156. Howell EC, Dubina ED, Lee SL. Perforation risk in pediatric appendicitis: assessment and management. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2018 Oct 26;9:135-45.全文  摘要

157. Neogi S, Banerjee A, Panda SS, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy for complicated appendicitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Mar;57(3):394-405. 摘要

158. Fugazzola P, Coccolini F, Tomasoni M, et al. Early appendectomy vs. conservative management in complicated acute appendicitis in children: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Nov;54(11):2234-41. 摘要

159. Vaos G, Dimopoulou A, Gkioka E, et al. Immediate surgery or conservative treatment for complicated acute appendicitis in children? A meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Jul;54(7):1365-71. 摘要

160. Wei HB, Huang JL, Zheng ZH, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a prospective randomized comparison. Surg Endosc. 2010 Feb;24(2):266-9. 摘要

161. Markar SR, Blackburn S, Cobb R, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis in children. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012 Oct;16(10):1993-2004. 摘要

162. Mason RJ. Surgery for appendicitis: is it necessary? Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2008 Aug;9(4):481-8. 摘要

163. Deakin DE, Ahmed I. Interval appendicectomy after resolution of adult inflammatory appendix mass - is it necessary? Surgeon. 2007;5:45-50. 摘要

164. Garba ES, Ahmed A. Management of appendiceal mass. Ann Afr Med. 2008 Dec;7(4):200-4. 摘要

165. Liberman MA, Greason KL, Frame S, et al. Single-dose cefotetan or cefoxitin versus multiple-dose cefoxitin as prophylaxis in patients undergoing appendectomy for acute nonperforated appendicitis. J Am Coll Surg. 1995 Jan;180(1):77-80. 摘要

166. Salazar MC, Canavan ME, Chilakamarry S, et al. Appendiceal cancer in the National Cancer Database: increasing frequency, decreasing age, and shifting histology. J Am Coll Surg. 2022 Jun 1;234(6):1082-9. 摘要

167. Casas MA, Dreifuss NH, Schlottmann F. High-volume center analysis and systematic review of stump appendicitis: solving the pending issue. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Jun;48(3):1663-72. 摘要

168. Talan DA, Di Saverio S. Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Sep 16;385(12):1116-23. 摘要

Comorbidities Manager reference articles

169. Verbrugge FH, Grieten L, Mullens W. Management of the cardiorenal syndrome in decompensated heart failure. Cardiorenal Med. 2014 Dec;4(3-4):176-88全文  摘要

170. Davison SN. Clinical pharmacology considerations in pain management in patients with advanced kidney failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Jun 7;14(6):917-31全文  摘要

171. UK Kidney Association. Kidney Patient Safety Committee: safe prescribing of opiates in kidney disease. Nov 2020 [internet publication].全文

172. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Acute kidney injury: prevention, detection and management. Sep 2023 [internet publication].全文

173. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21;42(36):3599-726全文  摘要

174. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2023 [internet publication]全文

175. Hogervorst VM, Buurman BM, De Jonghe A, et al. Emergency department management of older people living with frailty: a guide for emergency practitioners. Emerg Med J. 2021 Sep;38(9):724-9 摘要

176. NHS England. Toolkit for general practice in supporting older people living with frailty. March 2017 [internet publication]全文

177. Rockwood K; British Geriatrics Society. Silver book II: frailty. February 2021 [internet publication]全文

178. Royal College of Physicians. Acute care toolkit 3. Acute care for older people living with frailty. December 2020 [internet publication]全文

179. Wallis SJ, Wall J, Biram RW, et al. Association of the clinical frailty scale with hospital outcomes. QJM. 2015 Dec;108(12):943-9全文  摘要

180. Conroy SP, Bardsley M, Smith P, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for frail older people in acute hospitals: the HoW-CGA mixed-methods study. Health Services and Delivery Research. 2019 April:7(15)全文

181. Quinn TJ, Mooijaart SP, Gallacher K, et al. Acute care assessment of older adults living with frailty. BMJ. 2019 Jan 31;364:l13 摘要

182. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Risk reduction and management of delirium. Mar 2019 [internet publication].全文

183. Nickel C, Arendts G, Lucke J, et al; British Geriatrics Society. Silver book II: geriatric syndromes. February 2021 [internet publication].全文

184. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fractures (non-complex): assessment and management. February 2016 [internet publication]全文

185. National Institue for Health and Care Excellence. Palliative care for adults: strong opioids for pain relief. Aug 2016 [internet publication].全文

186. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults. Mar 2023 [internet publication].全文

187. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. The management of the hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) in adults. Feb 2022 [internet publication].全文

188. Chowdhury TA, Cheston H, Claydon A. Managing adults with diabetes in hospital during an acute illness. BMJ. 2017 Jun 22;357:j2551 摘要

189. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. Self-management of diabetes in hospital. Feb 2023 [internet publication].全文

190. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. Glycaemic management during the inpatient enteral feeding of stroke patients with diabetes. Nov 2019 [internet publication].全文

191. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. The use of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) in medical inpatients. Oct 2014 [internet publication].全文

192. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. A good inpatient diabetes service. Jul 2019 [internet publication].全文

193. Centre for Perioperative Care. Guideline for perioperative care for people with diabetes mellitus undergoing elective and emergency surgery. Dec 2022 [internet publication].全文

194. Pasquel FJ, Lansang MC, Dhatariya K, et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in the hospital. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;9(3):174-88全文  摘要

195. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. SGLT2 inhibitors: monitor ketones in blood during treatment interruption for surgical procedures or acute serious medical illness. March 2020 [internet publication]全文

196. Peters AL, Buschur EO, Buse JB, et al. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jun 15;38(9):1687-93 摘要

197. Umapathysivam MM, Gunton J, Stranks SN, et al. Euglycemic ketoacidosis in two patients without diabetes after introduction of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(1):140-3.全文  摘要

198. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 16. Diabetes care in the hospital: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S295-306.全文  摘要

199. Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, et al. Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016 May 4;47(6):e98-e169全文  摘要

200. Pendlebury ST, Klaus SP, Mather M, et al. Routine cognitive screening in older patients admitted to acute medicine: abbreviated mental test score (AMTS) and subjective memory complaint versus Montreal Cognitive Assessment and IQCODE. Age Ageing. 2015 Oct 13;44(6):1000-5全文  摘要

201. Hodkinson HM. Evaluation of a mental test score for assessment of mental impairment in the elderly. Age Ageing. 1972 Nov;1(4):233-8 摘要

202. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management in hospital and long-term care. Jan 2023 [internet publication].全文

203. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dementia: assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carers. Jun 2018 [internet publication].全文

204. Nova Scotia Health Authority. This is not my Mom. 2012 [internet publication]全文

205. Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ. Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):565-73 摘要

206. Bellelli G, Morandi A, Davis DH, et al. Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people. Age Ageing. 2014 Mar 2;43(4):496-502.全文  摘要

207. MacLullich AM, Shenkin SD, Goodacre S, et al. The 4 'A's test for detecting delirium in acute medical patients: a diagnostic accuracy study. Health Technol Assess. 2019 Aug;23(40):1-194全文  摘要

208. Fritz Z, Slowther AM, Perkins GD. Resuscitation policy should focus on the patient, not the decision. BMJ. 2017 Feb 28;356:j813全文  摘要

209. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Decision making and mental capacity. October 2018 [internet publication]全文

210. Office of the Public Guardian. Mental Capacity Act: making decisions. Jun 2023 [internet publication]全文

211. Social Care Institute for Excellence. Independent mental capacity advocate (IMCA). January 2010 [internet publication]全文

212. Taylor DM, Barnes TRE, Young AH. The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry. 14th edition. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2021

213. Roose SP, Rutherford BR. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and operative bleeding risk: a review of the literature. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Dec;36(6):704-9 摘要

214. White S, Griffiths R, Baxter M, et al. Guidelines for the peri-operative care of people with dementia: guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan 11;74(3):357-72全文  摘要

215. Public Health England. Urinary tract infection: diagnostic tools for primary care. October 2020 [internet publication]全文

216. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Haloperidol (haldol): reminder of risks when used in elderly patients for the acute treatment of delirium. 2021 [internet publication]全文

217. Ma H, Huang Y, Cong Z, et al. The efficacy and safety of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of dementia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(3):915-37 摘要

218. Huybrechts KF, Gerhard T, Crystal S, et al. Differential risk of death in older residents in nursing homes prescribed specific antipsychotic drugs: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2012 Feb 23;344:e977全文  摘要

219. Van Leeuwen E, Petrovic M, van Driel ML, et al. Withdrawal versus continuation of long-term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 30;3:CD007726.全文  摘要

220. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. Aug 2022 [internet publication].全文

221. Rehman A, Setter SM, Vue MH. Drug-induced glucose alterations part 2: drug-Induced hyperglycemia. Diabetes Spect. 2011 Nov;24(4):234-8全文

222. NHS Digital. National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA) - 2019. Nov 2020 [internet publication]全文

223. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. The hospital management of hypoglycaemia in adults with diabetes mellitus. Jan 2023 [internet publication].全文

224. Kerry C, Mitchell S, Sharma S, et al. Diurnal temporal patterns of hypoglycaemia in hospitalized people with diabetes may reveal potentially correctable factors. Diabet Med. 2013 Dec;30(12):1403-6 摘要

225. Rajendran R, Kerry C, Rayman G, et al. Temporal patterns of hypoglycaemia and burden of sulfonylurea-related hypoglycaemia in UK hospitals: a retrospective multicentre audit of hospitalised patients with diabetes. BMJ Open. 2014 Jul 9;4(7):e005165全文  摘要

226. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. October 2019 [internet publication]全文

227. Rayman G, Vas PR, Baker N, et al. The Ipswich Touch Test: a simple and novel method to identify inpatients with diabetes at risk of foot ulceration. Diabetes Care. 2011 May 18;34(7):1517-8全文  摘要

228. British Thoracic Society; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma: a national clinical guideline. July 2019 [internet publication].全文

229. Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis. Chest. 2004 Jun;125(6):2309-21全文  摘要

230. Au DH, Curtis JR, Every NR, et al. Association between inhaled beta-agonists and the risk of unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Chest. 2002 Mar;121(3):846-51全文  摘要

231. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2023 [internet publication]全文

232. Walters JA, Tan DJ, White CJ, et al. Different durations of corticosteroid therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 19;3:CD006897全文  摘要

233. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis and management. July 2019 [internet publication]全文

234. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13 摘要

235. Boden JM, Fergusson DM. Alcohol and depression. Addiction. 2011 May;106(5):906-14. 摘要

236. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Liaison psychiatry. In: Emergency acute medical care in over 16s: service delivery and organisation. March 2018 [internet publication]全文

237. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD). Treat as one. Bridging the gap between mental and physical healthcare in general hospitals. 2017 [internet publication]全文

238. DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jul 24;160(14):2101-7 摘要

239. Clarke DM, Currie KC. Depression, anxiety and their relationship with chronic diseases: a review of the epidemiology, risk and treatment evidence. Med J Aust. 2009 Apr 6;190(S7):S54-60 摘要

240. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults with a chronic physical health problem: recognition and management. October 2009 [internet publication]全文

241. Prina AM, Cosco TD, Dening T, et al. The association between depressive symptoms in the community, non-psychiatric hospital admission and hospital outcomes: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res. 2015 Jan;78(1):25-33全文  摘要

242. Archer G, Kuh D, Hotopf M, et al. Association between lifetime affective symptoms and premature mortality. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 1;77(8):806-13全文  摘要

243. Machado MO, Veronese N, Sanches M, et al. The association of depression and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Med. 2018 Jul 20;16(1):112全文  摘要

244. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: treatment and management. Jun 2022 [internet publication]全文

245. Cleare A, Pariante CM, Young AH, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 May 12;29(5):459-525全文  摘要

246. Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1112-20. 摘要

247. Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014 Feb 19;348:g1626 摘要

248. Nochaiwong S, Ruengorn C, Awiphan R, et al. Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of bleeding complications in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):80-97全文  摘要

249. Loke YK, Trivedi AN, Singh S. Meta-analysis: gastrointestinal bleeding due to interaction between selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 1;27(1):31-40全文  摘要

250. Flowers L. Nicotine replacement therapy. Am J Psychiatry Resid. 2016 Jun;11(6)4-7全文

251. Desai HD, Seabolt J, Jann MW. Smoking in patients receiving psychotropic medications: a pharmacokinetic perspective. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(6):469-94 摘要

252. Oliveira P, Ribeiro J, Donato H, Madeira N. Smoking and antidepressants pharmacokinetics: a systematic review. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2017;16:17全文  摘要

253. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence. Jan 2023 [internet publication].全文

254. Theodoulou A, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 19;6(6):CD013308全文  摘要

255. Rigotti NA, Kruse GR, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Treatment of tobacco smoking: a review. JAMA. 2022 Feb 8;327(6):566-77.全文  摘要

256. Thomas KH, Dalili MN, López-López JA, et al. Comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies and electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Addiction. 2022 Apr;117(4):861-76.全文  摘要

257. Livingstone-Banks J, Fanshawe TR, Thomas KH, et al. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 June 28;6(6):CD006103全文

258. Hsu CY, Ordoñez JD, Chertow GM, et al. The risk of acute renal failure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2008 Apr 2;74(1):101-7全文  摘要

259. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. A good inpatient diabetes service. Jul 2019 [internet publication].全文

260. Siddiqi N, Harrison JK, Clegg A, et al. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 11;3:CD005563全文  摘要

261. Martinez F, Tobar C, Hill N. Preventing delirium: should non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions be used? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Age Ageing. 2014 Nov 25;44(2):196-204全文  摘要

262. Grau AJ, Urbanek C, Palm F. Common infections and the risk of stroke. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Nov 9;6(12):681-94 摘要

263. Elkind MSV, Boehme AK, Smith CJ, et al. Infection as a stroke risk factor and determinant of outcome after stroke. Stroke. 2020 Oct;51(10):3156-68.全文  摘要

264. Eigenbrodt ML, Rose KM, Couper DJ, et al. Orthostatic hypotension as a risk factor for stroke: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study, 1987-1996. Stroke. 2000 Oct;31(10):2307-13 摘要

265. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. Inpatient care of the frail older adult with diabetes. Feb 2023 [internet publication].全文

266. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67全文  摘要

267. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1283-97.全文  摘要

268. Marik PE, Preiser JC. Toward understanding tight glycemic control in the ICU: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2010 Mar;137(3):544-51全文  摘要

269. TREND Diabetes. End of life guidance for diabetes care. November 2021 [internet publication]全文

270. Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2011 Apr;21(2):69-72 摘要

271. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults. Nov 2023 [internet publication].全文

272. Griffin M, Rao VS, Ivey-Miranda J, et al. Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardiorenal effects. Circulation. 2020 Sep 15;142(11):1028-39.全文  摘要

273. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital. Clinical guideline CG174. May 2017 [internet publication]全文

内容使用需遵循免责声明