急性阑尾炎

影响机体对特定微生物的免疫应答。与接受母乳喂养＞6 个月的儿童相比，接受母乳喂养＜6 个月的儿童急性阑尾炎的发病率较高。[16]Gomez-Alcala AV, Hurtado-Guzman A. Early breastfeed weaning as a risk factor for acute appendicitis in children [in Spanish]. Gac Med Mex. 2005 Nov-Dec;141(6):501-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16381505?tool=bestpractice.com [17]Pisacane A, de Luca U, Impagliazzo N, et al. Breast feeding and acute appendicitis. BMJ. 1995 Apr 1;310(6983):836-7. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/310/6983/836 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7711621?tool=bestpractice.com

已知可导致便秘。与对照组相比，接受了阑尾切除术的儿童摄入的饮食中的纤维素含量较低。[7]Arnbjornsson E. Acute appendicitis and dietary fiber. Arch Surg. 1983 Jul;118(7):868-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6305309?tool=bestpractice.com [18]Adamidis D, Roma-Giannikou E, Karamolegou K, et al. Fiber intake and childhood appendicitis. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2000 May;51(3):153-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10945110?tool=bestpractice.com 然而，这种理论尚有争议。[19]Naaeder SB, Archampong EQ. Acute appendicitis and dietary fibre intake. West Afr J Med. 1998 Oct-Dec;17(4):264-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9921094?tool=bestpractice.com

西方社会的急性阑尾炎发病率更高，可能与个人卫生改善和生活条件有关。[20]Barker DJ, Osmond C, Golding J, et al. Acute appendicitis and bathrooms in three samples of British children. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988 Apr 2;296(6627):956-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2545433/pdf/bmj00279-0012.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3129107?tool=bestpractice.com

胃肠道微生物菌群的平衡对预防感染、消化和提供重要的营养素很重要。[21]Huis in 't Veld JH. Gastrointestinal flora and health in man and animal [in Dutch]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1991 Mar 1;116(5):232-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1901673?tool=bestpractice.com 抗生素的频繁使用和卫生条件的改善导致胃肠道微生物菌群暴露减少和/或失衡，这可能最终导致对病毒感染的应答减弱，进而引发阑尾炎。[22]Walker AR, Segal I. What causes appendicitis? J Clin Gastroenterol. 1990 Apr;12(2):127-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2157745?tool=bestpractice.com

在暴露于被动吸烟的儿童中，急性阑尾炎的发病率显著升高。[23]Montgomery SM, Pounder RE, Wakefield AJ. Smoking in adults and passive smoking in children are associated with acute appendicitis. Lancet. 1999 Jan 30;353(9150):379. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9950450?tool=bestpractice.com 与从不吸烟的成人相比，吸烟成人的急性阑尾炎发病率更高。[23]Montgomery SM, Pounder RE, Wakefield AJ. Smoking in adults and passive smoking in children are associated with acute appendicitis. Lancet. 1999 Jan 30;353(9150):379. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9950450?tool=bestpractice.com [24]Oldmeadow C, Wood I, Mengersen K, et al. Investigation of the relationship between smoking and appendicitis in Australian twins. Ann Epidemiol. 2008 Aug;18(8):631-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18652981?tool=bestpractice.com