在男性和女性中开展的两项大型前瞻性队列研究发现,肾结石的患病率和发生风险与较高的体重和 BMI 直接相关,两种性别均是如此,只是女性的相关程度大于男性。[23]Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, et al. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 25;328(12):833-8.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199303253281203#t=article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441427?tool=bestpractice.com
[24]Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, et al. Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Ann Intern Med. 1997 Apr 1;126(7):497-504.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092314?tool=bestpractice.com
有证据显示,肥胖与尿 pH 值低和尿酸结石具有相关性,而肥胖患者与高钙尿症的相关性也能说明为什么此类患者尿酸和/或钙性结石风险增加。[1]Khan SR, Pearle MS, Robertson WG, et al. Kidney stones. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Feb 25;2:16008.
https://www.doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27188687?tool=bestpractice.com