Summary
定义
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the hair follicles resulting in nonscarring hair loss, affecting scalp and body hair.[1][2] Typically, one or more small round patch of hair loss without atrophy is noticed. This patchy hair loss may regrow spontaneously. In other cases there can be extensive patchy hair loss and in rare cases there is total body hair loss (alopecia areata universalis), or total scalp hair loss (alopecia totalis).
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Alopecia areataProvided by Paradi Mirmirani, MD [Citation ends].
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- hair loss
- nonscarring alopecia
- exclamation point hairs
- normal underlying skin in bare areas
- nail pitting
其他诊断因素
- autoimmunity
危险因素
- autoimmune disease
- family history of autoimmune disease
诊断性检查
首要检查
- clinical diagnosis
- positive hair pull test
需考虑的检查
- skin biopsy
- trichoscopy
治疗流程
limited hair loss (treatment desired)
limited hair loss (no treatment desired)
extensive hair loss (treatment desired)
extensive hair loss (no treatment desired)
撰稿人
作者
Fong Seng Lim, MBBS, MMed (FM), FAMS
Senior Consultant
Department of Family Medicine
National University Health System
Singapore
利益声明
FSL declares that he has no competing interests.
Miny Samuel, PhD
Assistant Director
Research Support Unit
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
National University of Singapore
Singapore
利益声明
MS declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Fong Seng Lim and Dr Miny Samuel would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Richard A. Strick, Dr Jack Green, and Dr Paradi Mirmirani, previous contributors to this topic. RAS is an honorary member of the National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF) clinical scientific advisory board. JG is an author of a reference cited in this topic. PM declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Maria Hordinsky, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Dermatology
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis
MN
利益声明
MH declares that she has no competing interests.
Ralph M. Trueb, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Dermatology
University Hospital of Zurich
Zurich
Switzerland
利益声明
RMT is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
Olsen EA, Hordinsky MK, Price VH, et al. Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines: part II. National Alopecia Areata Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51:440-447. 摘要
Hordinsky MK. Medical treatment of noncicatricial alopecia. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2006;25:51-55. 摘要
Messenger AG, McKillop J, Farrant P, et al. British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of alopecia areata 2012. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166:916-926. 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Trichotillomania
- Tinea capitis
- Telogen effluvium
更多 鉴别诊断Guidelines
- British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of alopecia areata 2012
- Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines: part II
更多 指南Patient information
Alopecia areata
More Patient information
Log in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer