伤寒感染

Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ. 2004 May;82(5):346-53.全文  摘要

Schwartz E, Shlim DR, Eaton M, et al. The effect of oral and parenteral typhoid vaccination on the rate of infection with Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A among foreigners in Nepal. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Feb;150(2):349-51. 摘要

Ochiai RL, Wang X, von Seidlein L, et al. Salmonella paratyphi A rates, Asia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Nov;11(11):1764-6.全文  摘要

Engels EA, Falagas ME, Lau J, et al. Typhoid fever vaccines: a meta-analysis of studies on efficacy and toxicity. BMJ. 1998 Jan 10;316(7125):110-6.全文  摘要

Frenck RW Jr, Nakhla I, Sultan Y, et al. Azithromycin versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Nov;31(5):1134-8.全文  摘要

1. World Health Organization. Typhoid. Dec 2019 [internet publication].全文

2. GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators. The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Apr;19(4):369-81.全文  摘要

3. DeRoeck D, Jodar L, Clemens J. Putting typhoid vaccination on the global health agenda. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 13;357(11):1069-71.全文  摘要

4. Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, et al. Typhoid fever. Lancet. 2015 Mar 21;385(9973):1136-45. 摘要

5. Mermin JH, Townes JM, Gerber M, et al. Typhoid fever in the United States, 1985-1994: changing risks of international travel and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Mar 23;158(6):633-8.全文  摘要

6. Taylor DN, Pollard RA, Blake PA. Typhoid in the United States and the risk to the international traveler. J Infect Dis. 1983 Sep;148(3):599-602. 摘要

7. Ryan CA, Hargrett-Bean NT, Blake PA. Salmonella typhi infections in the United States, 1975-1984: increasing role of foreign travel. Rev Infect Dis. Jan-Feb 1989;11(1):1-8. 摘要

8. Meltzer E, Yossepowitch O, Sadik C, et al. Epidemiology and clinical aspects of enteric fever in Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Apr;74(4):540-5.全文  摘要

9. Lester A, Mygind O, Jensen KT, et al. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Denmark 1986-1990: epidemiologic aspects and the extent of bacteriological follow-up of patients. Ugeskr Laeger. 1994 Jun 20;156(25):3770-5. 摘要

10. Yew FS, Goh KT, Lim YS. Epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore. Epidemiol Infect. 1993 Feb;110(1):63-70.全文  摘要

11. Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ. 2004 May;82(5):346-53.全文  摘要

12. Acharya IL, Lowe CU, Thapa R, et al. Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med. 1987 Oct 29;317(18):1101-4. 摘要

13. Meltzer E, Sadik C, Schwartz E. Enteric fever in Israeli travelers: a nationwide study. J Travel Med. Sep-Oct 2005;12(5):275-81.全文  摘要

14. Caumes E, Ehya N, Nguyen J, et al. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a 10-year retrospective study of 41 cases in a Parisian hospital. J Travel Med. Nov-Dec 2001;8(6):293-7.全文  摘要

15. Jelinek T, Nothdurft HD, von Sonnenburg F, et al. Risk factors for typhoid fever in travelers. J Travel Med. 1996 Dec 1;3(4):200-3.全文  摘要

16. Angell SY, Cetron MS. Health disparities among travelers visiting friends and relatives abroad. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):67-72.全文  摘要

17. Boggild AK, Castelli F, Gautret P, et al. Vaccine preventable diseases in returned international travelers: results from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Vaccine. 2010 Oct 28;28(46):7389-95. 摘要

18. Safdar A, Kaur H, Elting L, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 128 Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi A isolates from northern India. Chemotherapy. 2004 Jun;50(2):88-91. 摘要

19. Goh YL, Yasin R, Puthucheary SD, et al. DNA fingerprinting of human isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi B in Malaysia. J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(5):1134-42.全文  摘要

20. Ispahani P, Slack RC. Enteric fever and other extraintestinal salmonellosis in University Hospital, Nottingham, UK, between 1980 and 1997. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000 Sep;19(9):679-87. 摘要

21. Grewal HM, Jureen R, Steinsland H, et al. Molecular epidemiological study of Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi B infections imported from Turkey to Western Norway. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002;34(1):5-10. 摘要

22. Oboegbulam SI, Oguike JU, Gugnani HC. Microbiological studies on cases diagnosed as typhoid/enteric fever in south-east Nigeria. J Commun Dis. 1995 Jun;27(2):97-100. 摘要

23. Kariuki S, Cheesbrough J, Mavridis AK, et al. Typing of Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi C isolates from various countries by plasmid profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jun;37(6):2058-60.全文  摘要

24. Schwartz E, Shlim DR, Eaton M, et al. The effect of oral and parenteral typhoid vaccination on the rate of infection with Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A among foreigners in Nepal. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Feb;150(2):349-51. 摘要

25. Ochiai RL, Wang X, von Seidlein L, et al. Salmonella paratyphi A rates, Asia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Nov;11(11):1764-6.全文  摘要

26. Petersiel N, Shresta S, Tamrakar R, et al. The epidemiology of typhoid fever in the Dhulikhel area, Nepal: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2018 Sep 27;13(9):e0204479.全文  摘要

27. Vollaard AM, Ali S, Widjaja S, et al. Identification of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever cases at presentation in outpatient clinics in Jakarta, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Jun;99(6):440-50. 摘要

28. O'Brien D, Tobin S, Brown GV, et al. Fever in returned travelers: review of hospital admissions for a 3-year period. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Sep 1;33(5):603-9.全文  摘要

29. Steinberg EB, Bishop R, Haber P, et al. Typhoid fever in travelers: who should be targeted for prevention? Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Jul 15;39(2):186-91.全文  摘要

30. Appiah GD, Hughes MJ, Chatham-Stephens K. Chapter 4 - Travel-related infectious diseases: typhoid and paratyphoid fever. In Brunette GW, Nemhauser JB eds. CDC Yellow Book 2020: health information for international travel. Oxford University Press; 2019.全文

31. Engels EA, Falagas ME, Lau J, et al. Typhoid fever vaccines: a meta-analysis of studies on efficacy and toxicity. BMJ. 1998 Jan 10;316(7125):110-6.全文  摘要

32. Stubi CL, Landry PR, Petignat C, et al. Compliance to live oral Ty21a typhoid vaccine and its effect on viability. J Travel Med. May-Jun 2000;7(3):133-7.全文  摘要

33. Cryz SJ. Patient compliance in the use of Vivotif Berna vaccine, typhoid vaccine, live oral Ty21a. J Travel Med. 1998 Mar;5(1):14-7.全文  摘要

34. Klugman KP, Koornhof HJ, Robbins JB, et al. Immunogenicity, efficacy and serological correlate of protection of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine three years after immunization. Vaccine. 1996 Apr;14(5):435-8. 摘要

35. Khan MI, Soofi SB, Ochiai RL, et al; DOMI Typhoid Karachi Vi Effectiveness Study Group. Effectiveness of Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine among children: a cluster randomized trial in Karachi, Pakistan. Vaccine. 2012 Aug 3;30(36):5389-95. 摘要

36. Zhou WZ, Koo HW, Wang XY, et al. Revaccination with locally-produced vi typhoid polysaccharide vaccine among Chinese school-aged children: safety and immunogenicity findings. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 Nov;26(11):1001-5. 摘要

37. Beeching NJ, Clarke PD, Kitchin NR, et al. Comparison of two combined vaccines against typhoid fever and hepatitis A in healthy adults. Vaccine. 2004 Nov 15;23(1):29-35. 摘要

38. Lin FY, Vo AH, Khiem HB, et al. The efficacy of a Salmonella typhi Vi conjugate vaccine in two-to-five-year-old children. N Engl J Med. 2001 Apr 26;344(17):1263-9.全文  摘要

39. Mai NL, Phan VB, Vo AH, et al. Persistent efficacy of Vi conjugate vaccine against typhoid fever in young children. N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 2;349(14):1390-1. 摘要

40. Milligan R, Paul M, Richardson M, et al. Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 31;(5):CD001261.全文  摘要

41. Jin C, Gibani MM, Moore M, et al. Efficacy and immunogenicity of a Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in the prevention of typhoid fever using a controlled human infection model of Salmonella typhi: a randomised controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet. 2017 Dec 2;390(10111):2472-80.全文  摘要

42. World Health Organization. Typhoid vaccines position paper. Mar 2018 [internet publication].全文

43. Jackson BR, Iqbal S, Mahon B; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Updated recommendations for the use of typhoid vaccine - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Mar 27;64(11):305-8.全文  摘要

44. Levine MM, Ferreccio C, Black RE, et al. Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine and prevention of paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45(suppl 1):S24-8.全文  摘要

45. Sánchez-Jiménez MM, Cardona-Castro N. Validation of a PCR for diagnosis of typhoid fever and salmonellosis by amplification of the hilA gene in clinical samples from Colombian patients. J Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(Pt 9):875-8.全文  摘要

46. Wain J, Diep TS, Ho VA, et al. Quantitation of bacteria in blood of typhoid fever patients and relationship between counts and clinical features, transmissibility, and antibiotic resistance. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jun;36(6):1683-7.全文  摘要

47. Gilman RH, Terminel M, Levine MM, et al. Relative efficacy of blood, urine, rectal swab, bone-marrow, and rose-spot cultures for recovery of Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever. Lancet. 1975 May 31;1(7918):1211-3. 摘要

48. Olopoenia LA, King AL. Widal agglutination test - 100 years later: still plagued by controversy. Postgrad Med J. 2000 Feb;76(892):80-4.全文  摘要

49. Bhutta ZA. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever. BMJ. 2006 Jul 8;333(7558):78-82.全文  摘要

50. Wijedoru L, Mallett S, Parry CM. Rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 26;5(5):CD008892.全文  摘要

51. Chart H, Cheasty T, de Pinna E, et al. Serodiagnosis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and S. enterica serovars Paratyphi A, B and C human infections. J Med Microbiol. 2007 Sep;56(Pt 9):1161-6.全文  摘要

52. Thriemer K, Ley B, Menten J, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of two point of care typhoid fever tests, Tubex TF and Typhidot, in endemic countries. PloS One. 2013 Dec 16;8(12):e81263.全文  摘要

53. Jin C, Gibani MM, Pennington SH, et al. Treatment responses to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin in uncomplicated Salmonella Typhi infection: a comparison of clinical and microbiological data from a controlled human infection model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Dec;13(12):e0007955.全文  摘要

54. Cuypers WL, Jacobs J, Wong V, et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella: insights by whole-genome sequencing. Microb Genom. 2018 Jul;4(7):e000195.全文  摘要

55. Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization. Salmonella serovar Typhi haplotype H58 - epidemiological alert. Oct 2018 [internet publication].全文

56. Meltzer E, Stienlauf S, Leshem E, et al. A large outbreak of Salmonella paratyphi A infection among Israeli travelers to Nepal. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;58(3):359-64.全文  摘要

57. Zmora N, Shrestha S, Neuberger A, et al. Open label comparative trial of mono versus dual antibiotic therapy for typhoid fever in adults. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Apr;12(4):e0006380.全文  摘要

58. Slinger R, Desjardins M, McCarthy AE, et al. Suboptimal clinical response to ciprofloxacin in patients with enteric fever due to Salmonella spp. with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility: a case series. BMC Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 20;4:36.全文  摘要

59. Piersma D, Overbosch D, Petit P, et al. Protracted fever after a journey to India and Nepal: a case of persistent Salmonella paratyphi infection. J Travel Med. Jul-Aug 2004;11(4):257-9.全文  摘要

60. European Medicines Agency. Quinolone- and fluoroquinolone-containing medicinal products. Mar 2019 [internet publication].全文

61. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA updates warnings for oral and injectable fluoroquinolone antibiotics due to disabling side effects. Aug 2018 [internet publication].全文

62. Frenck RW Jr, Nakhla I, Sultan Y, et al. Azithromycin versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Nov;31(5):1134-8.全文  摘要

63. Girgis NI, Butler T, Frenck RW, et al. Azithromycin versus ciprofloxacin for treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in a randomized trial in Egypt that included patients with multidrug resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Jun;43(6):1441-4.全文  摘要

64. Chinh NT, Parry CM, Ly NT, et al. A randomized controlled comparison of azithromycin and ofloxacin for treatment of multidrug-resistant or nalidixic acid-resistant enteric fever. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Jul;44(7):1855-9.全文  摘要

65. Trivedi NA, Shah PC. A meta-analysis comparing the safety and efficacy of azithromycin over the alternate drugs used for treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever. J Postgrad Med. Apr-Jun 2012;58(2):112-8.全文  摘要

66. Klemm EJ, Shakoor S, Page AJ, et al. Emergence of an extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhi clone harboring a promiscuous plasmid encoding resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. mBio. 2018 Feb 20;9(1):e00105-18.全文  摘要

67. Chatham-Stephens K, Medalla F, Hughes M, et al. Emergence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi infections among travelers to or from Pakistan - United States, 2016-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Jan 11;68(1):11-3.全文  摘要

68. François Watkins LK, Winstead A, Appiah GD, et al. Update on extensively drug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhi infections among travelers to or from Pakistan and report of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella serotype typhi infections among travelers to Iraq - United States, 2018-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 May 22;69(20):618-22.全文  摘要

69. Engsbro AL, Riis Jespersen HS, Goldschmidt MI, et al. Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhi in a pregnant traveller returning from Karachi, Pakistan to Denmark, 2019. Euro Surveill. 2019 May;24(21):1900289.全文  摘要

70. Wong W, Rawahi HA, Patel S, et al. The first Canadian pediatric case of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi originating from an outbreak in Pakistan and its implication for empiric antimicrobial choices. IDCases. 2019 Jan 15;15:e00492.全文  摘要

71. Hoffman SL, Punjabi NH, Kumala S, et al. Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever by high-dose dexamethasone. N Engl J Med. 1984 Jan 12;310(2):82-8. 摘要

72. Parry CM. The treatment of multidrug-resistant and nalidixic acid-resistant typhoid fever in Viet Nam. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Jul;98(7):413-22. 摘要

73. Khosla SN. Typhoid hepatitis. Postgrad Med J. 1990 Nov;66(781):923-5.全文  摘要

74. Schwartz E, Jenks NP, Shlim DR. 'Typhoid hepatitis' or typhoid fever and acute viral hepatitis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Jul-Aug 1994;88(4):437-8. 摘要

75. Usang UE, Sowande OA, Ademuyiwa AO, et al. Outcome of primary closure of abdominal wounds following typhoid perforation in children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 2009. Afr J Paediatr Surg. Jan-Jun 2009;6(1):31-4.全文  摘要

76. Chang YT, Lin JY, Huang YS. Typhoid colonic perforation in childhood: a ten-year experience. 2006. World J Surg. 2006 Feb;30(2):242-7. 摘要

77. Ukwenya AY, Ahmed A, Garba ES. Progress in management of typhoid perforation. Ann Afr Med. 2011 Oct-Dec;10(4):259-65.全文  摘要

78. Huang DB, DuPont HL. Problem pathogens: extra-intestinal complications of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Jun;5(6):341-8. 摘要

79. Biber A, Nof E, Schwartz E. Cardiac involvement in travelers with enteric fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019 May;100(5):1098-100.全文  摘要

80. Mohanty S, Gaind R, Sehgal R, et al. Neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009 Sep 15;3(8):633-8.全文  摘要

81. Edelman R, Levine MM. Summary of an international workshop on typhoid fever. Rev Infect Dis. May-Jun 1986;8(3):329-49. 摘要