破伤风

参考文献

关键文献

UK Health Security Agency. Tetanus: the green book, chapter 30. Jun 2022 [internet publication].全文

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended child and adolescent immunization schedule for ages 18 years or younger - United States, 2023. Feb 2023 [internet publication].全文

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended adult immunization schedule for ages 19 years or older - United States, 2023. Feb 2023 [internet publication].全文

Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, et al. Use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jan 24;69(3):77-83.全文  摘要

Tiwari TSP, Moro PL, Acosta AM. Tetanus. In: Hall E, Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, et al, eds. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and vaccine-preventable diseases. 14th ed. Washington, D.C.: Public Health Foundation; 2021.全文

参考文献

1. Rodrigo C, Fernando D, Rajapakse S. Pharmacological management of tetanus: an evidence-based review. Crit Care. 2014 Mar 26;18(2):217.全文  摘要

2. Yen LM, Thwaites CL. Tetanus. Lancet. 2019 Apr 20;393(10181):1657-68. 摘要

3. Ablett JJL. Analysis and main experiences in 82 patients treated in the Leeds Tetanus Unit. In: Ellis M, ed. Symposium on tetanus in Great Britain. Boston Spa, UK: National Lending Library; 1967.

4. Brook I. Tetanus in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004 Jan;20(1):48-51. 摘要

5. Roper MH, Vandelaer JH, Gasse FL. Maternal and neonatal tetanus. Lancet. 2007 Dec 8;370(9603):1947-59. 摘要

6. Fauveau V, Mamdani M, Steinglass R, et al. Maternal tetanus: magnitude, epidemiology and potential control measures. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1993 Jan;40(1):3-12. 摘要

7. Brook I. Current concepts in the management of Clostridium tetani infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2008 Jun;6(3):327-36. 摘要

8. Liang JL, Tiwari T, Moro P, et al. Prevention of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria with vaccines in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2018 Apr 27;67(2):1–44.全文  摘要

9. UK Health Security Agency. Tetanus: the green book, chapter 30. Jun 2022 [internet publication].全文

10. Collins S, Amirthalingam G, Beeching NJ, et al. Current epidemiology of tetanus in England, 2001-2014. Epidemiol Infect. 2016 Dec;144(16):3343-53. 摘要

11. Hahne SJM, White JM, Crowcroft NS, et al. Tetanus in injecting drug users, United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Apr;12(4):709-10.全文  摘要

12. UK Health Security Agency. Shooting up: infections among people who inject drugs in the UK. Feb 2022 [internet publication].全文

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About tetanus. Feb 2019 [internet publication].全文

14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tetanus surveillance: United States, 2001-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Apr 1;60(12):365-9.全文  摘要

15. Thwaites CL, Farrar JJ. Preventing and treating tetanus. BMJ. 2003 Jan 18;326(7381):117-8.全文  摘要

16. Kyu HH, Mumford JE, Stanaway JD, et al. Mortality from tetanus between 1990 and 2015: findings from the global burden of disease study 2015. BMC Public Health. 2017 Feb 8;17(1):179.全文  摘要

17. World Health Organization. Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE). Jul 2020 [internet publication].全文

18. Vandelaer J, Birmingham M, Gasse F, et al. Tetanus in developing countries: an update on the Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination Initiative. Vaccine. 2003 Jul 28;21(24):3442-5. 摘要

19. Thwaites CL, Beeching NJ, Newton CR. Maternal and neonatal tetanus. Lancet. 2015 Jan 24;385(9965):362-70. 摘要

20. Kanu FA, Yusuf N, Kassogue M, et al. Progress toward achieving and sustaining maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination - worldwide, 2000-2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Mar 18;71(11):406-11.全文  摘要

21. Demicheli V, Barale A, Rivetti A. Vaccines for women for preventing neonatal tetanus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(7):CD002959.全文  摘要

22. Farrar JJ, Yen LM, Cook T, et al. Tetanus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;69(3):292-301.全文  摘要

23. Schiavo G, Benfenati F, Poulain B, et al. Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin. Nature. 1992 Oct 29;359(6398):832-5. 摘要

24. Reid PM, Brown D, Coni N, et al. Tetanus immunisation in the elderly population. J Accid Emerg Med. 1996 May;13(3):184-5.全文  摘要

25. Yen LM, Dao LM, Day NP, et al. Role of quinine in the high mortality of intramuscular injection tetanus. Lancet. 1994 Sep 17;344(8925):786-7. 摘要

26. Udwadia FE. Tetanus. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1994.

27. World Health Organization. Tetanus vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017 Feb 10;92(6):53-76.全文  摘要

28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC health information for international travel (yellow book): tetanus. 2020 [internet publication].全文

29. Public Health England. Advice on tetanus for people who inject drugs. May 2013 [internet publication].全文

30. Blencowe H, Lawn J, Vandelaer J, et al. Tetanus toxoid immunization to reduce mortality from neonatal tetanus. Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Apr;39(Suppl 1):i102-9.全文  摘要

31. Committee on Obstetric Practice, Immunization and Emerging Infections Expert Work Group. Committee Opinion No. 718: Update on immunization and pregnancy: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccination. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Sep;130(3):e153-7.全文  摘要

32. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Mullany LC, et al. Clean birth and postnatal care practices to reduce neonatal deaths from sepsis and tetanus: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect. BMC Public Health. 2011 Apr 13;11(Suppl 3):S11.全文  摘要

33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended child and adolescent immunization schedule for ages 18 years or younger - United States, 2023. Feb 2023 [internet publication].全文

34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended adult immunization schedule for ages 19 years or older - United States, 2023. Feb 2023 [internet publication].全文

35. Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, et al. Use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jan 24;69(3):77-83.全文  摘要

36. Oliver SE, Moore KL. Licensure of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate, and hepatitis B vaccine, and guidance for use in infants. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Feb 7;69(5):136-9.全文  摘要

37. Tiwari TSP, Moro PL, Acosta AM. Tetanus. In: Hall E, Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, et al, eds. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and vaccine-preventable diseases. 14th ed. Washington, D.C.: Public Health Foundation; 2021.全文

38. Public Health England. Tetanus: advice for health professionals. Jul 2019 [internet publication].全文

39. Schon F, O'Dowd L, White J, et al. Tetanus: delay in diagnosis in England and Wales. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994 Aug;57(8):1006-7.全文  摘要

40. Crone NE, Reder AT. Severe tetanus in immunized patients with high anti-tetanus titers. Neurology. 1992 Apr;42(4):761-4. 摘要

41. Rushdy AA, White JM, Ramsay ME, et al. Tetanus in England and Wales, 1984-2000. Epidemiol Infect. 2003 Feb;130(1):71-7. 摘要

42. Wood D, Webster E, Martinez D, et al. Case report: survival after deliberate strychnine self-poisoning, with toxicokinetic data. Crit Care. 2002 Oct;6(5):456-9.全文  摘要

43. Nakajima M, Aso S, Matsui H, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of tetanus: Analysis using a National Inpatient Database in Japan. J Crit Care. 2018 Apr;44:388-91. 摘要

44. Campbell JI, Lam TM, Huynh TL, et al. Microbiologic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium tetani isolated from wounds of patients with clinically diagnosed tetanus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 May;80(5):827-31.全文  摘要

45. Ahmadsyah I, Salim A. Treatment of tetanus: an open study to compare the efficacy of procaine penicillin and metronidazole. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 Sep 7;291(6496):64.全文  摘要

46. Yen LM, Dao LM, Day NPJ, et al. Management of tetanus: a comparison of penicillin and metronidazole. Paper presented at: Symposium of antimicrobial resistance in southern Viet Nam; 1997; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

47. Kapoor W, Carey P, Karpf M. Induction of lactic acidosis with intravenous diazepam in a patient with tetanus. Arch Intern Med. 1981 Jun;141(7):944-5. 摘要

48. Attygalle D, Rodrigo N. New trends in the management of tetanus. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2004 Feb;2(1):73-84. 摘要

49. Gyasi HK, Fahr J, Kurian E, et al. Midazolam for prolonged intravenous sedation in patients with tetanus. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 1993 Jun;12(2):135-41. 摘要

50. Okoromah CN, Lesi FE. Diazepam for treating tetanus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Jan 26;(1):CD003954. 摘要

51. Buchanan N, Cane RD, Wolfson G, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in tetanus: the effects of a variety of therapeutic agents, with special reference to morphine. Intensive Care Med. 1979 May;5(2):65-8. 摘要

52. Engrand N, Vilain G, Rouamba A, et al. Value of intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of severe tetanus in the tropical milieu. Med Trop (Mars). 2000;60(4):385-8. [In French] 摘要

53. Saissy JM, Demaziere J, Vitris M, et al. Treatment of severe tetanus by intrathecal injections of baclofen without artificial ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 1992;18(4):241-4. 摘要

54. Boots RJ, Lipman J, O'Callaghan J, et al. The treatment of tetanus with intrathecal baclofen. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2000 Aug;28(4):438-42. 摘要

55. Dressnandt J, Konstanzer A, Weinzierl FX, et al. Intrathecal baclofen in tetanus: four cases and a review of reported cases. Intensive Care Med. 1997 Aug;23(8):896-902. 摘要

56. Santos ML, Mota-Miranda A, Alves-Pereira A, et al. Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of tetanus. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Feb 1;38(3):321-8.全文  摘要

57. Lee C, Zhang X, Kwan WF. Electromyographic and mechanomyographic characteristics of neuromuscular block by magnesium sulphate in the pig. Br J Anaesth. 1996 Feb;76(2):278-83.全文  摘要

58. James MFM, Manson EDM. The use of magnesium sulphate infusions in the management of very severe tetanus. Intensive Care Med. 1985;11(1):5-12. 摘要

59. Lipman J, James MFM, Erskine J, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in severe tetanus: magnesium sulfate as an adjunct to deep sedation. Crit Care Med. 1987 Oct;15(10):987-8. 摘要

60. Attygalle D, Rodrigo N. Magnesium sulphate for control of spasms in severe tetanus. Can we avoid sedation and artificial ventilation? Anaesthesia. 1997 Oct;52(10):956-62. 摘要

61. Thwaites CL, Yen LM, Loan HT, et al. Magnesium sulphate for treatment of severe tetanus: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 21;368(9545):1436-43. 摘要

62. Attygalle D, Rodrigo N. Magnesium as first line therapy in the management of tetanus: a prospective study of 40 patients. Anaesthesia. 2002 Aug;57(8):811-7. 摘要

63. Rodrigo C, Samarakoon L, Fernando SD, et al. A meta-analysis of magnesium for tetanus. Anaesthesia. 2012 Dec;67(12):1370-4. 摘要

64. Rocke DA, Wesley AG, Pather M, et al. Morphine in tetanus--the management of sympathetic nervous system overactivity. S Afr Med J. 1986 Nov 22;70(11):666-8. 摘要

65. Buchanan N, Smit L, Cane RD, et al. Sympathetic overactivity in tetanus: fatality associated with propranolol. Br Med J. 1978 Jul 22;2(6132):254-5.全文  摘要

66. Dolar D. The use of continuous atropine infusion in the management of tetanus. Intensive Care Med. 1992;18(1):26-31. 摘要

67. Sutton DN, Tremlett MR, Woodcock TE, et al. Management of autonomic dysfunction in severe tetanus: the use of magnesium sulphate and clonidine. Intensive Care Med. 1990;16(2):75-80. 摘要

68. Gregorakos L, Kerezoudi E, Dimopoulos G, et al. Management of blood pressure instability in severe tetanus: the use of clonidine. Intensive Care Med. 1997 Aug;23(8):893-5. 摘要

69. Southorn PA, Blaise GA. Treatment of tetanus-induced autonomic nervous system dysfunction with continuous epidural blockade. Crit Care Med. 1986 Mar;14(3):251-2. 摘要

70. Shibuya M, Sugimoto H, Sugimoto T, et al. The use of continuous spinal anesthesia in severe tetanus with autonomic disturbance. J Trauma. 1989 Oct;29(10):1423-9. 摘要

71. Freshwater-Turner D, Udy A, Lipman J, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in tetanus - what lessons can be learnt with special reference to alpha-2 agonists? Anaesthesia. 2007 Oct;62(10):1066-70. 摘要

72. Wesley AG, Hariparsad D, Pather M, et al. Labetalol in tetanus. The treatment of sympathetic nervous system overactivity. Anaesthesia. 1983 Mar;38(3):243-9. 摘要

73. King WW, Cave DR. Use of esmolol to control autonomic instability of tetanus. Am J Med. 1991 Oct;91(4):425-8. 摘要

74. Beards SC, Lipman J, Bothma PA, et al. Esmolol in a case of severe tetanus. Adequate haemodynamic control achieved despite markedly elevated catecholamine levels. S Afr J Surg. 1994 Mar;32(1):33-5. 摘要

75. Hassel B. Tetanus: pathophysiology, treatment, and the possibility of using botulinum toxin against tetanus-induced rigidity and spasms. Toxins (Basel). 2013 Jan 8;5(1):73-83.全文  摘要

76. Loan HT, Yen LM, Kestelyn E, et al. A pilot study to assess safety and feasibility of intrathecal immunoglobulin for the treatment of adults with tetanus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 Aug;99(2):323-6.全文  摘要

77. Loan HT, Yen LM, Kestelyn E, et al. Intrathecal immunoglobulin for treatment of adult patients with tetanus: a randomized controlled 2x2 factorial trial. Wellcome Open Res. 2018 Nov 5;3:58.全文  摘要

78. Thwaites CL, Yen LM, Glover C, et al. Predicting the clinical outcome of tetanus: the tetanus severity score. Trop Med Int Health. 2006 Mar;11(3):279-87.全文  摘要

79. Phillips LA. A classification of tetanus. Lancet. 1967 Jun 3;1(7501):1216-7. 摘要

80. Vakil BJ. Table ronde: propositions pour une classification internationale. In: 4th International Conference on Tetanus, vol 1. Dakar, Senegal: Fondation Merieux; 1975:3349-67.

81. Gurses N, Aydin M. Factors affecting prognosis of neonatal tetanus. Scan J Infect Dis. 1993;25(3):353-5. 摘要

82. Davies-Adetugbo AA, Torimiro SE, Ako-Nai KA. Prognostic factors in neonatal tetanus. Trop Med Int Health. 1998 Jan;3(1):9-13.全文  摘要

83. Basu S, Paul DK, Ganguly S, et al. Risk factors for mortality from neonatal tetanus: 7 years experience in North Bengal, India. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2006 Sep;26(3):233-9. 摘要

84. Lam PK, Trieu HT, Lubis IN, et al. Prognosis of neonatal tetanus in the modern management era: an observational study in 107 Vietnamese infants. Int J Infect Dis. 2015 Apr;33:7-11.全文  摘要

85. Loan HT, Parry J, Nga NT, et al. Semi-recumbent body position fails to prevent healthcare-associated pneumonia in Vietnamese patients with severe tetanus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Feb;106(2):90-7.全文  摘要

86. Chalya PL, Mabula JB, Dass RM, et al. Ten-year experiences with tetanus at a tertiary hospital in northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective review of 102 cases. World J Emerg Surg. 2011 Jul 8;6:20.全文  摘要

87. Teknetzi P, Manios S, Katsouyanopoulos V. Neonatal tetanus--long-term residual handicaps. Arch Dis Child. 1983 Jan;58(1):68-9.全文  摘要

88. Anlar B, Yalaz K, Dizmen R. Long-term prognosis after neonatal tetanus. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1989 Feb;31(1):76-80. 摘要

89. Barlow JL, Mung'Ala-Odera V, Gona J, et al. Brain damage after neonatal tetanus in a rural Kenyan hospital. Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Apr;6(4):305-8.全文  摘要

内容使用需遵循免责声明