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酒精使用障碍

最后审阅: 23 Jun 2024
最后更新: 28 Sep 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 戒断
  • 耐受
  • 肝脏体积增大/减小、黄疸、腹水
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 失眠
  • 勃起功能障碍
  • 尼古丁使用障碍
  • 胃肠道不适
  • 肌肉痉挛、疼痛、无力、感知觉改变
  • 高血压和心动过速
  • 营养状态受损
  • 宽基步态
完整详情

危险因素

  • 酒精使用障碍家族史
  • 反社会行为(病前)
  • 高焦虑特质水平
  • 饮酒后不脸红
  • 对酒精影响的低反应性
  • 胃旁路手术史
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 诊断性访谈
  • 酒精含量(呼出的气体和血液)
  • 临床酒精戒断状态评定量表修订版(CIWA-Ar)
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 缺糖基转铁蛋白 (CDT)
  • γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST)
  • 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
  • 尿乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷
完整详情

治疗流程

持续性治疗

危险饮酒

酒精使用障碍:非妊娠成人,未同时使用阿片类药物,也未诊断有心理健康问题

酒精使用障碍:非妊娠成人,同时使用阿片类药物

酒精使用障碍:非妊娠成人,同时诊断有心理健康问题

酒精使用障碍:非妊娠青少年

酒精使用障碍:妊娠者

撰稿人

作者

Elisabeth Poorman, MD, MPH

​Assistant Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine

University of Illinois Chicago

Chicago

IL

利益声明

EP declares that she has no conflicting interests.

Marlene Martin, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine

Director, Addiction Care Team

San Francisco General Hospital

University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco

CA

利益声明

MM is a board member and Chair of Diversity for AMERSA and Chair of the SHM Substance Use Disorder Special Interest Group, and has received an honorarium from Elsevier.

Sarah Messmer, MD

​Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine and Pediatrics

University of Illinois Chicago

Chicago

IL

利益声明

SM declares that she has no conflicting interests.

鸣谢

Dr Elisabeth Poorman, Dr Marlene Martin, and Dr Sarah Messmer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Colin Drummond, Dr Julie R. Pittman, Dr Philip H. Chung, Dr Robert M. Swift, and Dr Lorenzo Leggio, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

CD, JRP, PHC, and RMS declare that they have no competing interests. LL is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Paul S. Haber, MD

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Discipline of Medicine

University of Sydney

Sydney

Australia

利益声明

PSH is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Roberta Agabio, MD

Bernard B. Brodie Department of Neuroscience

University of Cagliari

Cagliari

Italy

利益声明

RA is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

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