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Wald A, Bharucha AE, Limketkai B, et al. ACG clinical guidelines: management of benign anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Oct 1;116(10):1987-2008.全文  摘要

Davis BR, Lee-Kong SA, Migaly J, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018 Mar;61(3):284-92.全文  摘要

van Tol RR, Kleijnen J, Watson AJM, et al. European Society of Coloproctology: guideline for haemorrhoidal disease. Colorectal Dis. 2020 Jun;22(6):650-62. 摘要

Shanmugam V, Thaha MA, Rabindranath KS, et al. Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD005034.全文  摘要

1. Wald A, Bharucha AE, Limketkai B, et al. ACG clinical guidelines: management of benign anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Oct 1;116(10):1987-2008.全文  摘要

2. Davis BR, Lee-Kong SA, Migaly J, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018 Mar;61(3):284-92.全文  摘要

3. Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A. The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation. An epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology. 1990 Feb;98(2):380-6. 摘要

4. Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A. Temporal changes in the occurrence of hemorrhoids in the United States and England. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991 Jul;34(7):585-91. 摘要

5. Thomson WH. The nature of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg. 1975 Jul;62(7):542-52. 摘要

6. Haas PA, Fox TA Jr, Haas GP. The pathogenesis of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 1984 Jul;27(7):442-50. 摘要

7. Saleeby RG Jr, Rosen L, Stasik JJ, et al. Hemorrhoidectomy during pregnancy: risk or relief? Dis Colon Rectum. 1991 Mar;34(3):260-1. 摘要

8. Hosking SW, Smart HL, Johnson AG, et al. Anorectal varices, haemorrhoids, and portal hypertension. Lancet. 1989 Feb 18;1(8634):349-52. 摘要

9. Moesgaard F, Nielsen ML, Hansen JB, et al. High fiber diet reducing bleeding and pain in patients with hemorrhoids: a double-blind trial of Vi-Siblin. Dis Colon Rectum. 1982 Jul-Aug;25(5):454-6. 摘要

10. van Tol RR, Kleijnen J, Watson AJM, et al. European Society of Coloproctology: guideline for haemorrhoidal disease. Colorectal Dis. 2020 Jun;22(6):650-62. 摘要

11. Giordano P, Overton J, Madeddu F, et al. Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization: a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009 Sep;52(9):1665-71. 摘要

12. Wallis de Vries BM, van der Beek ES, de Wijkerslooth LR, et al. Treatment of grade 2 and 3 hemorrhoids with Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation. Dig Surg. 2007;24(6):436-40.全文  摘要

13. Brown S, Tiernan J, Biggs, et al. The HubBLe Trial: haemorrhoidal artery ligation (HAL) versus rubber band ligation (RBL) for symptomatic second- and third-degree haemorrhoids: a multicentre randomised controlled trial and health-economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2016 Nov;20(88):1-150.全文  摘要

14. Peng BC, Jayne DG, Ho YH. Randomized trial of rubber band ligation vs. stapled hemorrhoidectomy for prolapsed piles. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003 Mar;46(3):291-7. 摘要

15. Acheson AG, Scholefield JH. Management of haemorrhoids. BMJ. 2008 Feb 16;336(7640):380-3. 摘要

16. Jayaraman S, Colquhoun PH, Malthaner RA. Stapled versus conventional surgery for hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD005393.全文  摘要

17. Simillis C, Thoukididou SN, Slesser AA, et al. Systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing clinical outcomes and effectiveness of surgical treatments for haemorrhoids. Br J Surg. 2015 Dec;102(13):1603-18. 摘要

18. Du T, Quan S, Dong T, et al. Comparison of surgical procedures implemented in recent years for patients with grade III and IV hemorrhoids: a network meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019 Jun;34(6):1001-12.全文  摘要

19. Watson AJ, Hudson J, Wood J, et al. Comparison of stapled haemorrhoidopexy with traditional excisional surgery for haemorrhoidal disease (eTHoS): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Nov 12;388(10058):2375-85. 摘要

20. Watson AJ, Cook J, Hudson J, et al. A pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing stapled haemorrhoidopexy with traditional excisional surgery for haemorrhoidal disease: the eTHoS study. Health Technol Assess. 2017 Nov;21(70):1-224.全文  摘要

21. Xu L, Chen H, Gu Y. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy versus transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization in the treatment of hemorrhoids: an updated meta-analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2019 Apr;29(2):75-81.全文  摘要

22. Emile SH, Elfeki H, Sakr A, et al. Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) versus stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) in treatment of internal hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019 Jan;34(1):1-11.全文  摘要

23. Wrobleski DE, Corman ML, Veidenheimer MC, et al. Long-term evaluation of rubber ring ligation in hemorrhoidal disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 1980 Oct;23(7):478-82. 摘要

24. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Electrotherapy for the treatment of haemorrhoids Interventional procedures guidance. Jun 2015 [internet publication].全文

25. Shanmugam V, Thaha MA, Rabindranath KS, et al. Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD005034.全文  摘要

26. Kluiber RM, Wolff BG. Evaluation of anemia caused by hemorrhoidal bleeding. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994 Oct;37(10):1006-7. 摘要

27. Greenspon J, Williams SB, Young HA, et al. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids: outcome after conservative or surgical management. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Sep;47(9):1493-8. 摘要

28. Lyons NJR, Cornille JB, Pathak S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of metronidazole in post-haemorrhoidectomy pain relief. Colorectal Dis. 2017 Sep;19(9):803-11. 摘要