异位妊娠

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Ultrasound in pregnancy. Dec 2016 [internet publication].全文

Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T. Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location. Hum Reprod Update. 2014 Mar-Apr;20(2):250-61.全文  摘要

Elson CJ, Salim R, Potdar N, et al; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy: Green-top Guideline No. 21. BJOG. 2016 Dec;123(13):e15-e55.全文  摘要

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management. Nov 2021 [internet publication].全文

1. Bouyer J, Coste J, Fernandez H, et al. Sites of ectopic pregnancy: a 10 year population-based study of 1800 cases. Hum Reprod. 2002 Dec;17(12):3224-30.全文  摘要

2. Ankum WM, Mol BW, Van Der Veen F, et al. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 1996 Jun;65(6):1093-9. 摘要

3. Comstock C, Huston K, Lee W. The ultrasonographic appearance of ovarian ectopic pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jan;105(1):42-5. 摘要

4. Cepni I, Ocal P, Erkan S, Erzik B. Conservative treatment of cervical ectopic pregnancy with transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration and single-dose methotrexate. Fertil Steril. 2004 Apr;81(4):1130-2. 摘要

5. Benson CB, Doubilet PM. Strategies for conservative treatment of cervical ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Dec;8(6):371-2. 摘要

6. Dilbaz S, Katas B, Demir B, Dilbaz B. Treating cornual pregnancy with a single methotrexate injection: a report of 3 cases. J Reprod Med. 2005 Feb;50(2):141-4. 摘要

7. Strafford JC, Ragan WD. Abdominal pregnancy. Review of current management. Obstet Gynecol. 1977 Nov;50(5):548-52. 摘要

8. Goldman GA, Fisch B, Ovadia J, Tadir Y. Heterotopic pregnancy after assisted reproductive technologies. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1992 Apr;47(4):217-21. 摘要

9. Fylstra DL. Ectopic pregnancy after hysterectomy: a review and insight into etiology and prevention. Fertil Steril. 2010 Jul;94(2):431-5. 摘要

10. Bakken IJ, Skjeldestad FE. Incidence and treatment of extrauterine pregnancies in Norway 1990-2001. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2003 Nov 6;123(21):3016-20. 摘要

11. Lewis G, Drife J. Why Mothers Die 2000-2002. The sixth report of the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. London, UK: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; 2004.

12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2020. Aug 2022 [internet publication].全文

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ectopic pregnancy - United States, 1990-1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Jan 27;44(3):46-8.全文  摘要

14. Hoover KW, Tao G, Kent CK. Trends in the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Mar;115(3):495-502. 摘要

15. Creanga AA, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Bish CL, et al. Trends in ectopic pregnancy mortality in the United States: 1980-2007. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Apr;117(4):837-43. 摘要

16. Dart RG, Kaplan B, Varaklis K. Predictive value of history and physical examination in patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy. Ann Emerg Med. 1999 Mar;33(3):283-90. 摘要

17. Seeber BE, Barnhart KT. Suspected ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Feb;107(2 Pt 1):399-413. 摘要

18. Stulberg DB, Cain LR, Dahlquist I, et al. Ectopic pregnancy rates and racial disparities in the Medicaid population, 2004-2008. Fertil Steril. 2014 Dec;102(6):1671-6. 摘要

19. Huang CC, Huang CC, Lin SY, et al. Association of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with ectopic pregnancy and preterm labor in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0219351.全文  摘要

20. Djahanbakhch O, Ezzati M, Saridogan E. Physiology and pathophysiology of tubal transport: ciliary activity and muscular contractility, relevance to tubal infertility, recent research, and future directions. In: Ledger WL, Tan SL, Bahathiq AOS, eds. The fallopian tube in infertility and IVF practice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2010:18-29.

21. Kutluay L, Vicdan K, Turan C, et al. Tubal histopathology in ectopic pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994; 57:91-94. 摘要

22. Attar E. Endocrinology of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2004;31:779-794. 摘要

23. Goddijn M, van der Veen F, Schuring-Blom GH, et al. Cytogenetic characteristics of ectopic pregnancy. Hum Reprod. 1996;11:2769-2771. 摘要

24. Ruderman RS, McQueen DB, Robins JC, et al. Novel ploidy analysis in ectopic pregnancy. F S Rep. 2021 Mar;2(1):67-71.全文  摘要

25. Barnhart KT, Sammel MD, Gracia CR, et al. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in women with symptomatic first-trimester pregnancies. Fertil Steril. 2006 Jul;86(1):36-43. 摘要

26. Yao M, Tulandi T. Current status of surgical and non-surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1997 Mar;67(3):421-33. 摘要

27. Peterson HB, Xia Z, Hughes JM, et al. The risk of ectopic pregnancy after tubal sterilization. US Collaborative Review of Sterilization Working Group. N Engl J Med. 1997 Mar 13;336(11):762-7.全文  摘要

28. Goldberg JM, Falcone T. Effect of diethylstilbesterol on reproductive function. Fertil Steril. 1999 Jul;72(1):1-7. 摘要

29. Sivin I. Dose- and age-dependent ectopic pregnancy risks with intrauterine contraception. Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Aug;78(2):291-8. 摘要

30. Hillis SD, Owens LM, Marchbanks PA, et al. Recurrent Chlamydia infections increase the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Jan;176(1 Pt 1):103-7. 摘要

31. Saraiya M, Berg CJ, Kendrick JS, et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Mar;178(3):493-8. 摘要

32. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion: tobacco and nicotine cessation during pregnancy. May 2020 [internet publication].全文

33. Strandell A, Thorburn J, Hamberger L. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril. 1999 Feb;71(2):282-6. 摘要

34. Muller V, Makhmadalieva M, Kogan I, et al. Ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization: meta-analysis and single-center experience during 6 years. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016 Oct;32(suppl 2):69-74.全文  摘要

35. Perkins KM, Boulet SL, Kissin DM, et al; National ART Surveillance (NASS) Group. Risk of ectopic pregnancy associated with assisted reproductive technology in the United States, 2001-2011. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jan;125(1):70-8.全文  摘要

36. Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, De Leon L, et al. Frozen-thawed embryo transfer is associated with a significantly reduced incidence of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2012 Dec;98(6):1490-4. 摘要

37. Pisarska MD, Carson SA, Buster JE. Ectopic pregnancy. Lancet. 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1115-20. 摘要

38. Storeide O, Veholmen M, Eide M, et al. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Hordaland county, Norway 1976-1993. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1997 Apr;76(4):345-9. 摘要

39. Sheele JM, Bernstein R, Counselman FL. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy presenting with a negative urine pregnancy test. Case Rep Emerg Med. 2016;2016:7154713.全文  摘要

40. Huchon C, Panel P, Kayem G, et al. Is a standardized questionnaire useful for tubal rupture screening in patients with ectopic pregnancy? Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Jan;19(1):24-30. 摘要

41. Kruszka PS, Kruszka SJ. Evaluation of acute pelvic pain in women. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Jul 15;82(2):141-7.全文  摘要

42. Bhavsar AK, Gelner EJ, Shorma T. Common questions about the evaluation of acute pelvic pain. Am Fam Physician. 2016 Jan 1;93(1):41-8.全文  摘要

43. Crochet JR, Bastian LA, Chireau MV. Does this woman have an ectopic pregnancy? The rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2013 Apr 24;309(16):1722-9. 摘要

44. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Ultrasound in pregnancy. Dec 2016 [internet publication].全文

45. ACOG practice bulletin no. 193: tubal ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Mar;131(3):e91-103. 摘要

46. Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T. Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location. Hum Reprod Update. 2014 Mar-Apr;20(2):250-61.全文  摘要

47. Barnhart K, van Mello NM, Bourne T, et al. Pregnancy of unknown location: a consensus statement of nomenclature, definitions, and outcome. Fertil Steril. 2011 Mar 1;95(3):857-66. 摘要

48. Sivalingam VN, Duncan WC, Kirk E, et al. Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2011 Oct;37(4):231-40.全文  摘要

49. Connolly A, Ryan DH, Stuebe AM, et al. Reevaluation of discriminatory and threshold levels for serum β-hCG in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;121(1):65-70. 摘要

50. Condous G, Kirk E, Lu C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of varying discriminatory zones for the prediction of ectopic pregnancy in women with a pregnancy of unknown location. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Dec;26(7):770-5.全文  摘要

51. Barnhart KT, Guo W, Cary MS, et al. Differences in serum human chorionic gonadotropin rise in early pregnancy by race and value at presentation. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Sep;128(3):504-11.全文  摘要

52. Barnhart KT, Senapati S, Sammel MD. Declaring a gestation nonviable: when 99% certainty is not enough. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Feb;224(2):232-3.全文  摘要

53. Silva C, Sammel MD, Zhou L, et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin profile for women with ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Mar;107(3):605-10. 摘要

54. Dillon KE, Sioulas VD, Sammel MD, et al. How and when human chorionic gonadotropin curves in women with an ectopic pregnancy mimic other outcomes: differences by race and ethnicity. Fertil Steril. 2012 Oct;98(4):911-6. 摘要

55. Hendriks E, Rosenberg R, Prine L. Ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2020 May 15;101(10):599-606.全文  摘要

56. Barnhart K, Sammel MD, Chung K, et al. Decline of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and spontaneous complete abortion: defining the normal curve. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Nov;104(5 Pt 1):975-81. 摘要

57. Barnhart KT. Clinical practice: ectopic pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jul 23;361(4):379-87. 摘要

58. Elson CJ, Salim R, Potdar N, et al; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy: Green-top Guideline No. 21. BJOG. 2016 Dec;123(13):e15-e55.全文  摘要

59. Rausch ME, Sammel MD, Takacs P, et al. Development of a multiple marker test for ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Mar;117(3):573-82. 摘要

60. Teixeira JL, Rabaioli P, Savaris RF. Sensitivity and specificity of a urinary screening test used in an emergency setting to detect abnormal first trimester pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jan;212(1):58.e1-5. 摘要

61. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management. Nov 2021 [internet publication].全文

62. Goldstein SR, Snyder JR, Watson C, et al. Very early pregnancy detection with endovaginal ultrasound. Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Aug;72(2):200-4. 摘要

63. Barnhart KT, Hansen KR, Stephenson MD, et al. Effect of an active vs expectant management strategy on successful resolution of pregnancy among patients with a persisting pregnancy of unknown location: the ACT or NOT randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021 Aug 3;326(5):390-400.全文  摘要

64. Morse CB, Sammel MD, Shaunik A, et al. Performance of human chorionic gonadotropin curves in women at risk for ectopic pregnancy: exceptions to the rules. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):101-6.e2. 摘要

65. Spielberg O. Zur Cauistik Schwanger Schaft. Arch F Gynak. 1878;13:73.

66. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Miller R, Timor-Tritsch IE, et al. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #63: Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jul;227(3):B9-B20.全文  摘要

67. Long Y, Zhu H, Hu Y, et al. Interventions for non-tubal ectopic pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 1;7:CD011174.全文  摘要

68. Po L, Thomas J, Mills K, et al. Guideline no. 414: management of pregnancy of unknown location and tubal and nontubal ectopic pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2021 May;43(5):614-30.e1.全文  摘要

69. Korhonen J, Stenman UH, Ylöstalo P. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin dynamics during spontaneous resolution of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1994 Apr;61(4):632-6. 摘要

70. van Mello NM, Mol F, Verhoeve HR, et al. Methotrexate or expectant management in women with an ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy of unknown location and low serum hCG concentrations? A randomized comparison. Hum Reprod. 2013 Jan;28(1):60-7.全文  摘要

71. Menon S, Colins J, Barnhart KT. Establishing a human chorionic gonadotropin cutoff to guide methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a systematic review. Fertil Steril. 2007 Mar;87(3):481-4. 摘要

72. Karadeniz RS, Tasci Y, Altay M, et al. Tubal rupture in ectopic pregnancy: is it predictable? Minerva Ginecol. 2015 Feb;67(1):13-9. 摘要

73. Barnhart KT, Gosman G, Ashby R, et al. The medical management of ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis comparing "single dose" and "multidose" regimens. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Apr;101(4):778-84.全文  摘要

74. Alur-Gupta S, Cooney LG, Senapati S, et al. Two-dose versus single-dose methotrexate for treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Aug;221(2):95-108.e2. 摘要

75. Wang M, Chen B, Wang J, et al. Nonsurgical management of live tubal ectopic pregnancy by ultrasound-guided local injection and systemic methotrexate. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2014 Jul-Aug;21(4):642-9. 摘要

76. Gao M-XG. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy: a systematic review. Chin J Evid Based Med. 2008 Jul-Aug;14(4):309-19.

77. Mol F, Mol BW, Ankum WM, et al. Current evidence on surgery, systemic methotrexate and expectant management in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2008 Jul-Aug;14(4):309-19.全文  摘要

78. Hajenius PJ, Mol BW, Mol BWJ, et al. Interventions for tubal ectopic pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD000324.全文  摘要

79. Mol F, van Mello NM, Strandell A, et al. Salpingotomy versus salpingectomy in women with tubal pregnancy (ESEP study): an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Apr 26;383(9927):1483-9. 摘要

80. Yong PJ, Thurston J, Singh SS, et al. Guideline No. 386-Gynaecologic surgery in the obese patient. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2019 Sep;41(9):1356-70.e7.全文  摘要

81. American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Early Pregnancy: Hahn SA, Promes SB, Brown MD. Clinical policy: critical issues in the initial evaluation and management of patients presenting to the emergency department in early pregnancy. Ann Emerg Med. 2017 Feb;69(2):241-250.e20.全文  摘要

82. Trio D, Strobelt N, Picciolo C, et al. Prognostic factors for successful expectant management of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1995 Mar;63(3):469-72. 摘要

83. Shalev E, Peleg D, Tsabari A, et al. Spontaneous resolution of ectopic tubal pregnancy: natural history. Fertil Steril. 1995 Jan;63(1):15-9. 摘要

84. Lipscomb GH, McCord ML, Stovall TG, et al. Predictors of success of methotrexate treatment in women with tubal ectopic pregnancies. N Engl J Med. 1999 Dec 23;341(26):1974-8.全文  摘要

85. Tenore JL. Ectopic pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Feb 15;61(4):1080-8.全文  摘要

86. Tay JI, Moore J, Walker JJ. Ectopic pregnancy. BMJ. 2000 Apr 1;320(7239):916-9.全文  摘要

87. Fernandez H, Capmas P, Lucot JP, et al. Fertility after ectopic pregnancy: the DEMETER randomized trial. Hum Reprod. 2013 May;28(5):1247-53.全文  摘要

88. Desroque D, Capmas P, Legendre G, et al. Fertility after ectopic pregnancy [in French]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2010 Sep;39(5):395-400. 摘要

89. Cheng X, Tian X, Yan Z, et al. Comparison of the fertility outcome of salpingotomy and salpingectomy in women with tubal pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152343.全文  摘要

90. Wiser A, Gilbert A, Nahum R, et al. Effects of treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate or salpingectomy in the subsequent IVF cycle. Reprod Biomed Online. 2013 May;26(5):449-53.全文  摘要

91. Boots CE, Hill MJ, Feinberg EC, et al. Methotrexate does not affect ovarian reserve or subsequent assisted reproductive technology outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2016 May;33(5):647-56.全文  摘要

92. Yoon SH, Lee JY, Kim SN, et al. Does salpingectomy have a deleterious impact on ovarian response in in vitro fertilization cycles? Fertil Steril. 2016 Oct;106(5):1083-92.e5.全文  摘要

93. Farquhar CM. Ectopic pregnancy. Lancet. 2005 Aug 13-19;366(9485):583-91. 摘要