便秘

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Serra J, Pohl D, Azpiroz F, et al. European society of neurogastroenterology and motility guidelines on functional constipation in adults. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Feb;32(2):e13762.全文  摘要

Paquette IM, Varma M, Ternent C, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016 Jun;59(6):479-92. 摘要

Chang L, Chey WD, Imdad A, et al. American Gastroenterological Association-American College of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline: pharmacological management of chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jun 1;118(6):936-54.全文  摘要

Crockett SD, Greer KB, Heidelbaugh JJ, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the medical management of opioid-induced constipation. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan;156(1):218-26.全文  摘要

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38. Sharma A, Rao SSC, Kearns K, et al. Review article: diagnosis, management and patient perspectives of the spectrum of constipation disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jun;53(12):1250-67.全文  摘要

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53. Chang L, Chey WD, Imdad A, et al. American Gastroenterological Association-American College of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline: pharmacological management of chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jun 1;118(6):936-54.全文  摘要

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55. Attaluri A, Donahoe R, Valestin J, et al. Randomised clinical trial: dried plums (prunes) vs. psyllium for constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Apr;33(7):822-8. 摘要

56. Chey SW, Chey WD, Jackson K, et al. Exploratory comparative effectiveness trial of green kiwifruit, psyllium, or prunes in US patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Jun;116(6):1304-12. 摘要

57. Eltorki M, Leong R, Ratcliffe EM. Kiwifruit and kiwifruit extracts for treatment of constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;2022:7596920.全文  摘要

58. Rao SSC, Brenner DM. Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter therapies for chronic constipation: an updated systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Jun;116(6):1156-81.全文  摘要

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64. Johanson JF, Panas R, Holland PC, et al. Long-term efficacy of lubiprostone for the treatment of chronic constipation. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(suppl 2):M1171.

65. Johanson JF, Gargano MA, Holland PC, et al. Initial and sustained effects of lubiprostone, a chloride channel-2 (ClC2) activator for the treatment of constipation: data from a 4-week phase III study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(suppl 9):S328.

66. Barish CF, Drossman D, Johanson JF, et al. Efficacy and safety of lubiprostone in patients with chronic constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Apr;55(4):1090-7. 摘要

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68. Johnston JM, Kurtz CB, Macdougall JE, et al. Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and bowel habits in a phase IIb study of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Gastroenterology. 2010 Dec;139(6):1877-1886.e2. 摘要

69. Lembo AJ, Schneier HA, Shiff SJ, et al. Two randomized trials of linaclotide for chronic constipation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 11;365(6):527-36. 摘要

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74. Quigley EM, Vandeplassche L, Kerstens R, et al. Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life, and safety and tolerability of prucalopride in severe chronic constipation - a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Feb 1;29(3):315-28.全文  摘要

75. Yiannakou Y, Piessevaux H, Bouchoucha M, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of prucalopride in men with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 May;110(5):741-8.全文  摘要

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