小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Dolores Shoback, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of California San Francisco
Endocrine Research Unit
San Francisco VA Medical Center
San Francisco
CA
利益声明
DS worked as a consultant for SHIRE Pharmaceuticals. She has received honorarium from Neopharma, and served as an expert witness for a patient-based malpractice case. For the past 5 years, DS was a speaker for the annual patients and caregivers conference on hypoparathyroidism for the US-based Hypoparathyroidism Association, and is an unpaid member of their medical advisory board. DS has given many CME lectures on hypoparathyroidism and all kinds of calcium and bone and mineral disorders.
Quan-Yang Duh, MD
Professor of Surgery
Section of Endocrine Surgery
University of California San Francisco
San Francisco
CA
利益声明
QYD declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Professors Dolores Shoback and Quan-Yang Duh would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Ronald Merrell, a previous contributor to this topic. RM declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Wail Malaty, MD
Adjunct Clinical Professor
Department of Family Medicine
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill
NC
利益声明
WM declares that he has no competing interests.
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