疫苗
诸多疫苗正在研发当中，包括纯化的灭活病毒 (PIV) 颗粒、纯化病毒样颗粒 (VLPs) 以及病毒蛋白亚单位、减毒活疫苗、嵌合疫苗、以及病毒和非病毒媒介编码的寨卡病毒结构蛋白。[198]Poland GA, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, et al. Development of vaccines against Zika virus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Jul;18(7):e211-9.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(18)30063-X/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29396004?tool=bestpractice.com
[199]Barzon L, Palù G. Current views on Zika virus vaccine development. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017 Oct;17(10):1185-92.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644745?tool=bestpractice.com
[200]Marques ETA, Burke DS. Tradition and innovation in development of a Zika vaccine. Lancet. 2018 Feb 10;391(10120):516-7.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)33107-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217377?tool=bestpractice.com
寨卡纯化灭活病毒（Zika purified inactivated virus, ZPIV）疫苗是一种正在研究中的疫苗，在 I 期试验中发现其耐受性良好。[135]Modjarrad K, Lin L, George SL, et al. Preliminary aggregate safety and immunogenicity results from three trials of a purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine candidate: phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Lancet. 2018 Feb 10;391(10120):563-71.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33106-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29217375?tool=bestpractice.com
一种合成的 DNA 疫苗 (GLS-500) 已经在 I 期临床试验中显示出很大的希望。[201]Tebas P, Roberts CC, Muthumani K, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Zika virus DNA vaccine - preliminary report. N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 4 [Epub ahead of print].
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1708120
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28976850?tool=bestpractice.com
一种减毒活疫苗在动物试验中也显示出了治疗前景。[202]Shan C, Muruato AE, Nunes BTD, et al. A live-attenuated Zika virus vaccine candidate induces sterilizing immunity in mouse models. Nat Med. Nat Med. 2017 Jun;23(6):763-67.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28394328?tool=bestpractice.com
WHO: progress toward discovery of Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics.
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抗病毒药物
尽管目前还没有寨卡病毒感染的特异性抗病毒治疗可用，但有诸多候选方案正在进行早期临床试验。[203]Eyer L, Nencka R, Huvarová I, et al. Nucleoside inhibitors of Zika virus. J Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;214(5):707-11.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/05/26/infdis.jiw226.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27234417?tool=bestpractice.com
[204]Julander JG, Siddharthan V, Evans J, et al. Efficacy of the broad-spectrum antiviral compound BCX4430 against Zika virus in cell culture and in a mouse model. Antiviral Res. 2017 Jan;137:14-22.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838352?tool=bestpractice.com
正在测试对丙型肝炎病毒有效的抗病毒药，且已显示出抗寨卡病毒聚合酶的活性。[205]Elfiky AA. Zika viral polymerase inhibition using anti-HCV drugs both in market and under clinical trials. J Med Virol. 2016 Dec;88(12):2044-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604059?tool=bestpractice.com
特定的抗疟药物也显示出抗寨卡病毒的活性。[206]Balasubramanian A, Teramoto T, Kulkarni AA, et al. Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus. Antiviral Res. 2017 Jan;137:141-50.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27889529?tool=bestpractice.com
一个新的小鼠模型可能有助于了解寨卡病毒疫苗和治疗的潜在活性。[207]Manangeeswaran M, Ireland DD, Verthelyi D. Zika (PRVABC59) infection is associated with T cell infiltration and neurodegeneration in CNS of immunocompetent neonatal C57Bl/6 mice. PLoS Pathog. 2016 Nov 17;12(11):e1006004.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5113993/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27855206?tool=bestpractice.com