低钠血症

Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, et al; Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Feb 25;170(3):G1-47.全文  摘要

Verbalis JG, Grossman A, Höybye C, et al. Review and analysis of differing regulatory indications and expert panel guidelines for the treatment of hyponatremia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014 Jul;30(7):1201-7. 摘要

Sterns RH. Disorders of plasma sodium - causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 1;372(1):55-65. 摘要

Nagler EV, Vanmassenhove J, van der Veer SN, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements. BMC Med. 2014 Dec 11;12:1.全文  摘要

Nagler EV, Haller MC, Van Biesen W, et al. Interventions for chronic non-hypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 28;(6):CD010965.全文  摘要

1. Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, et al; Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Feb 25;170(3):G1-47.全文  摘要

2. Giordano M, Ciarambino T, Castellino P, et al. Diseases associated with electrolyte imbalance in the ED: age-related differences. Am J Emerg Med. 2016 Oct;34(10):1923-1926.全文  摘要

3. Wald R, Jaber BL, Price LL, et al. Impact of hospital-associated hyponatremia on selected outcomes. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Feb 8;170(3):294-302. 摘要

4. Zilberberg MD, Exuzides A, Spalding J, et al. Epidemiology, clinical and economic outcomes of admission hyponatremia among hospitalized patients. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Jun;24(6):1601-8. 摘要

5. Verbalis JG, Grossman A, Höybye C, et al. Review and analysis of differing regulatory indications and expert panel guidelines for the treatment of hyponatremia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014 Jul;30(7):1201-7. 摘要

6. Funk GC, Lindner G, Druml W, et al. Incidence and prognosis of dysnatremias present on ICU admission. Intensive Care Med. 2010 Feb;36(2):304-11. 摘要

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8. Wakil A, Ng JM, Atkin SL. Investigating hyponatraemia. BMJ. 2011 Mar 7;342:d1118. 摘要

9. Freda BJ, Davidson MB, Hall PM. Evaluation of hyponatremia: a little physiology goes a long way. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004 Aug;71(8):639-50. 摘要

10. Friedman E, Shadel M, Halkin H, et al. Thiazide-induced hyponatremia: reproducibility by single dose rechallenge and an analysis of pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med. 1989 Jan 1;110(1):24-30. 摘要

11. Bennett BL, Hew-Butler T, Hoffman MD, et al. Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for treatment of exercise-associated hyponatremia: 2014 update. Wilderness Environ Med. 2014 Dec;25(suppl 4):S30-42. 摘要

12. Jacob S, Spinler SA. Hyponatremia associated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in older adults. Ann Pharmacother. 2006 Sep;40(9):1618-22. 摘要

13. Fabian TJ, Amico JA, Kroboth PD, et al. Paroxetine-induced hyponatremia in older adults: a 12-week prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Feb 9;164(3):327-32. 摘要

14. Mathus-Vliegen EMH, van der Vliet K, Wignand-van der Storm IJ, et al. Split-dose bowel cleansing with picosulphate is safe and better tolerated than 2-l polyethylene glycol solution. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jul;30(7):709-717.全文  摘要

15. Lindner G, Schwarz C. An update on the current management of hyponatremia. Minerva Med. 2012 Aug;103(4):279-91. 摘要

16. Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 25;342(21):1581-9. 摘要

17. Kilpatrick ES. Disorders of sodium balance: hypothyroidism and hyponatraemia: an old wives' tale? BMJ. 2006 Apr 8;332(7545):854.全文  摘要

18. Hanna FW, Scanlon MF. Hyponatraemia, hypothyroidism, and role of arginine-vasopressin. Lancet. 1997 Sep 13;350(9080):755-6. 摘要

19. Schrier RW. Vasopressin and aquaporin 2 in clinical disorders of water homeostasis. Semin Nephrol. 2008 May;28(3):289-96.全文  摘要

20. Warner MH, Holding S, Kilpatrick ES. The effect of newly diagnosed hypothyroidism on serum sodium concentrations: a retrospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 May;64(5):598-9. 摘要

21. Grohé C, Berardi R, Burst V. Hyponatraemia-SIADH in lung cancer diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2015 Oct;96(1):1-8. 摘要

22. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. The effects of hyponatremia on bone density and fractures: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Pract. 2019 Apr;25(4):366-78.全文  摘要

23. Moen V, Brudin L, Rundgren M, et al. Hyponatremia complicating labour - rare or unrecognised? A prospective observational study. BJOG. 2009 Mar;116(4):552-61.全文  摘要

24. Guidelines and Audit Network. Guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of hyponatraemia in labour and the immediate postpartum period. Mar 2017 [internet publication].全文

25. Wang J, Xu E, Xiao Y. Isotonic versus hypotonic maintenance IV fluids in hospitalized children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2014 Jan;133(1):105-13. 摘要

26. Feld LG, Neuspiel DR, Foster BA, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Maintenance Intravenous Fluids in Children. Pediatrics. 2018 Dec;142(6):.全文  摘要

27. Jacob P, Dow C, Lasker SS, et al. Hyponatraemia in primary care. BMJ. 2019 May 9;365:l1774.全文  摘要

28. Patel GP, Balk RA. Recognition and treatment of hyponatremia in acutely ill hospitalized patients. Clin Ther. 2007 Feb;29(2):211-29. 摘要

29. Hillier TA, Abbott RD, Barrett EJ. Hyponatremia: evaluating the correction factor for hyperglycemia. Am J Med. 1999 Apr;106(4):399-403. 摘要

30. Nguyen MK, Kurtz I. Derivation of a new formula for calculating urinary electrolyte-free water clearance based on the Edelman equation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005 Jan;288(1):F1-7.全文  摘要

31. Lindner G, Schwarz C. Electrolyte-free water clearance versus modified electrolyte-free water clearance: do the results justify the effort? Nephron Physiol. 2012;120(1):p1-5. 摘要

32. Sterns RH. Disorders of plasma sodium - causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 1;372(1):55-65. 摘要

33. Nagler EV, Vanmassenhove J, van der Veer SN, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements. BMC Med. 2014 Dec 11;12:1.全文  摘要

34. Buchkremer F, Segerer S, Bock A. Monitoring urine flow to prevent overcorrection of hyponatremia: derivation of a safe upper limit based on the Edelman equation. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019 Jan;73(1):143-5. 摘要

35. Dixon MB, Lien YH. Tolvaptan and its potential in the treatment of hyponatremia. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008 Dec;4(6):1149-55.全文  摘要

36. Nagler EV, Haller MC, Van Biesen W, et al. Interventions for chronic non-hypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 28;(6):CD010965.全文  摘要

37. Rondon-Berrios H, Tandukar S, Mor MK, et al. Urea for the treatment of hyponatremia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Nov 7;13(11):1627-32. 摘要

38. Sterns RH, Silver SM, Hix JK. Urea for hyponatremia? Kidney Int. 2015 Feb;87(2):268-70.全文  摘要

39. Hoorn EJ, Zietse R. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyponatremia: Compilation of the Guidelines. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 May;28(5):1340-1349.全文  摘要

40. Renneboog B, Musch W, Vandemergel X, et al. Mild chronic hyponatremia is associated with falls, unsteadiness, and attention deficits. Am J Med. 2006 Jan;119(1):71.e1-8. 摘要

41. Verbalis JG, Barsony J, Sugimura Y, et al. Hyponatremia-induced osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Mar;25(3):554-63.全文  摘要