缺血性卒中

参考文献

关键文献

Spence JD. Cardioembolic stroke: everything has changed. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018 Jun;3(2):76-83.全文  摘要

Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-418.全文  摘要

Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):2160-236.全文  摘要

Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, et al; ECASS Investigators. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 25;359(13):1317-29.全文  摘要

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 14;333(24):1581-7.全文  摘要

Campbell BC, Donnan GA, Mitchell PJ, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy for stroke: current best practice and future goals. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2016 Feb 16;1(1):16-22.全文  摘要

参考文献

1. Amarenco P, Lavallée PC, Labreuche J, et al. One-year risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 21;374(16):1533-42.全文  摘要

2. Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, et al; TOAST Investigators. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial (TOAST - Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment). Stroke. 1993 Jan;24(1):35-41.全文  摘要

3. Ay H, Benner T, Arsava EM, et al. A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: the causative classification of stroke system. Stroke. 2007 Nov;38(11):2979-84.全文  摘要

4. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, et al. Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet. 1991 Jun 22;337(8756):1521-6. 摘要

5. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Caplan LR, et al. New approach to stroke subtyping: the A-S-C-O (phenotypic) classification of stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;27(5):502-8.全文  摘要

6. Gao S, Wang YJ, Xu AD, et al. Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification. Front Neurol. 2011;2:6.全文  摘要

7. GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019 May;18(5):439-58.全文  摘要

8. Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-492.全文  摘要

9. Ekker MS, Boot EM, Singhal AB, et al. Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Sep;17(9):790-801. 摘要

10. Seminog OO, Scarborough P, Wright FL, et al. Determinants of the decline in mortality from acute stroke in England: linked national database study of 795 869 adults. BMJ. 2019 May 22;365:l1778.全文  摘要

11. Pandian JD, Gall SL, Kate MP, et al. Prevention of stroke: a global perspective. Lancet. 2018 Oct 6;392(10154):1269-78. 摘要

12. Feigin VL, Nguyen G, et al; GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and country-specific lifetime risks of stroke, 1990 and 2016. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 20;379(25):2429-37.全文  摘要

13. Wang W, Jiang B, Sun H, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of stroke in China: results from a nationwide population-based survey of 480 687 adults. Circulation. 2017 Feb 21;135(8):759-71.全文  摘要

14. Amarenco P, Cohen A, Tzourio C, et al. Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch and the risk of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1994 Dec 1;331(22):1474-9.全文  摘要

15. Amarenco P, Cohen A, Hommel M, et al; French Study of Aortic Plaques in Stroke Group. Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch as a risk factor for recurrent ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 9;334(19):1216-21.全文  摘要

16. Sacco RL. Risk factors, outcomes, and stroke subtypes for ischemic stroke. Neurology. 1997 Nov;49(5 suppl 4):S39-44. 摘要

17. Spence JD. Controlling resistant hypertension. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018 Jun;3(2):69-75.全文  摘要

18. Kissela BM, Khoury JC, Alwell K, et al. Age at stroke: temporal trends in stroke incidence in a large, biracial population. Neurology. 2012 Oct 23;79(17):1781-7.全文  摘要

19. Adams RJ, McKie VC, Hsu L, et al. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 2;339(1):5-11.全文  摘要

20. Flossmann E, Schulz UG, Rothwell PM. Systematic review of methods and results of studies of the genetic epidemiology of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2004 Jan;35(1):212-27.全文  摘要

21. Malik R, Chauhan G, Traylor M, et al. Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes. Nat Genet. 2018 Apr;50(4):524-37. [Erratum in: Publisher Correction: Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes. Nat Genet. 2019 Jul;51(7):1192-3.]全文  摘要

22. Dichgans M, Pulit SL, Rosand J. Stroke genetics: discovery, biology, and clinical applications. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jun;18(6):587-99. 摘要

23. Barrett KM, Meschia JF. Genetic stroke syndromes. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014 Apr;20(2 cerebrovascular disease):399-411.全文  摘要

24. Charidimou A, Shams S, Romero JR, et al; International META-MICROBLEEDS Initiative. Clinical significance of cerebral microbleeds on MRI: a comprehensive meta-analysis of risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, mortality, and dementia in cohort studies (v1). Int J Stroke. 2018 Jul;13(5):454-68.全文  摘要

25. Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham study. JAMA. 1988 Feb 19;259(7):1025-9. 摘要

26. Hackshaw A, Morris JK, Boniface S, et al. Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports. BMJ. 2018 Jan 24;360:j5855.全文  摘要

27. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. JAMA. 1979 May 11;241(19):2035-8. 摘要

28. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham study. Stroke. 1991 Aug;22(8):983-8. 摘要

29. Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K, et al. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2001 Jan;32(1):280-99.全文  摘要

30. Lüscher TF. Stroke: cardiac causes and their management. Eur Heart J. 2015 Sep 14;36(35):2339-41.全文  摘要

31. Chambers BR, Norris JW. Outcome in patients with asymptomatic neck bruits. N Engl J Med. 1986 Oct 2;315(14):860-5. 摘要

32. Barnett HJ, Taylor DW, Haynes RB, et al; North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1991 Aug 15;325(7):445-53.全文  摘要

33. Barnett HJ, Taylor DW, Eliasziw M, et al; North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1998 Nov 12;339(20):1415-25.全文  摘要

34. Kim JS, Bonovich D. Research on intracranial atherosclerosis from the East and west: why are the results different? J Stroke. 2014 Sep;16(3):105-13.全文  摘要

35. Iso H, Jacobs DR Jr, Wentworth D, et al. Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 6;320(14):904-10. 摘要

36. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Touboul PJ. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and risk of stroke and carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Feb;196(2):489-96. 摘要

37. Cruz-Flores S, Rabinstein A, Biller J, et al. Racial-ethnic disparities in stroke care: the American experience: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011 Jul;42(7):2091-116.全文  摘要

38. Bazzano LA, Serdula MK, Liu S. Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2003 Nov;5(6):492-9. 摘要

39. He J, Ogden LG, Vupputuri S, et al. Dietary sodium intake and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in overweight adults. JAMA. 1999 Dec 1;282(21):2027-34.全文  摘要

40. Khaw KT, Barrett-Connor E. Dietary potassium and stroke-associated mortality: a 12-year prospective population study. N Engl J Med. 1987 Jan 29;316(5):235-40. 摘要

41. Spence JD. Diet for stroke prevention. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018 Jun;3(2):44-50.全文  摘要

42. Muto M, Ezaki O. High dietary saturated fat is associated with a low risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke in Japanese but not in non-Japanese: a review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2018 May 1;25(5):375-92.全文  摘要

43. Barker DJ, Lackland DT. Prenatal influences on stroke mortality in England and Wales. Stroke. 2003 Jul;34(7):1598-602.全文  摘要

44. Prior PL, Suskin N. Exercise for stroke prevention. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018 Jun;3(2):59-68.全文  摘要

45. Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Rexrode KM, et al. Prospective study of body mass index and risk of stroke in apparently healthy women. Circulation. 2005 Apr 19;111(15):1992-8.全文  摘要

46. Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Berger K, et al. Body mass index and the risk of stroke in men. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Dec 9-23;162(22):2557-62.全文  摘要

47. Patra J, Taylor B, Irving H, et al. Alcohol consumption and the risk of morbidity and mortality for different stroke types - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2010 May 18;10:258.全文  摘要

48. Millwood IY, Walters RG, Mei XW, et al; China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group. Conventional and genetic evidence on alcohol and vascular disease aetiology: a prospective study of 500 000 men and women in China. Lancet. 2019 May 4;393(10183):1831-42.全文  摘要

49. Gillum LA, Mamidipudi SK, Johnston SC. Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2000 Jul 5;284(1):72-8. 摘要

50. Hendrix SL, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Johnson KC, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on stroke in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation. 2006 May 23;113(20):2425-34.全文  摘要

51. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Jul 17;288(3):321-33.全文  摘要

52. Sacco S, Merki-Feld GS, Ægidius KL, et al. Hormonal contraceptives and risk of ischemic stroke in women with migraine: a consensus statement from the European Headache Federation (EHF) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health (ESC). J Headache Pain. 2017 Oct 30;18(1):108.全文  摘要

53. Kurth T, Slomke MA, Kase CS, et al. Migraine, headache, and the risk of stroke in women: a prospective study. Neurology. 2005 Mar 22;64(6):1020-6. 摘要

54. Adelborg K, Szépligeti SK, Holland-Bill L, et al. Migraine and risk of cardiovascular diseases: Danish population based matched cohort study. BMJ. 2018 Jan 31;360:k96.全文  摘要

55. Lappin JM, Darke S, Farrell M. Stroke and methamphetamine use in young adults: a review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2017 Dec;88(12):1079-91.全文  摘要

56. Spence JD, Bang H, Chambless LE, et al. Vitamin Intervention For Stroke Prevention trial: an efficacy analysis. Stroke. 2005 Nov;36(11):2404-9.全文  摘要

57. Lonn E, Yusuf S, Arnold MJ, et al; Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 Investigators. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 13;354(15):1567-77.全文  摘要

58. Bønaa KH, Njølstad I, Ueland PM, et al; NORVIT Trial Investigators. Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 13;354(15):1578-88.全文  摘要

59. Kuo HK, Yen CJ, Chang CH, et al. Relation of C-reactive protein to stroke, cognitive disorders, and depression in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2005 Jun;4(6):371-80. 摘要

60. Di Tullio MR, Russo C, Jin Z, et al. Aortic arch plaques and risk of recurrent stroke and death. Circulation. 2009 May 5;119(17):2376-82.全文  摘要

61. Spence JD. Cardioembolic stroke: everything has changed. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018 Jun;3(2):76-83.全文  摘要

62. Thompson AM, Hu T, Eshelbrenner CL, et al. Antihypertensive treatment and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events among persons without hypertension: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011 Mar 2;305(9):913-22.全文  摘要

63. Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014 Dec;45(12):3754-832.全文  摘要

64. Rutten-Jacobs LC, Larsson SC, Malik R, et al. Genetic risk, incident stroke, and the benefits of adhering to a healthy lifestyle: cohort study of 306 473 UK Biobank participants. BMJ. 2018 Oct 24;363:k4168.全文  摘要

65. Aguilar MI, Hart R, Pearce LA. Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD006186.全文  摘要

66. Culebras A, Messé SR, Chaturvedi S, et al. Summary of evidence-based guideline update: prevention of stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2014 Feb 25;82(8):716-24.全文  摘要

67. De Caterina R, Salvatore T, Marchioli R. Cholesterol-lowering interventions and stroke: insights from IMPROVE-IT. Atherosclerosis. 2016 May;248:216-8. 摘要

68. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Wiviott SD, et al; Open-Label Study of Long-Term Evaluation against LDL Cholesterol (OSLER) Investigators. Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 16;372(16):1500-9.全文  摘要

69. Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, et al; ODYSSEY LONG TERM Investigators. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 16;372(16):1489-99.全文  摘要

70. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Sep 10;74(10):e177-232.全文  摘要

71. Gaziano JM, Brotons C, Coppolecchia R, et al; ARRIVE Executive Committee. Use of aspirin to reduce risk of initial vascular events in patients at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease (ARRIVE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018 Sep 22;392(10152):1036-46. 摘要

72. McNeil JJ, Wolfe R, Woods RL, et al; ASPREE Investigator Group. Effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events and bleeding in the healthy elderly. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 18;379(16):1509-18.全文  摘要

73. Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, et al; ASCEND Study Collaborative Group. Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 18;379(16):1529-39.全文  摘要

74. Sharma M, Hart RG, Connolly SJ, et al. Stroke outcomes in the COMPASS Trial. Circulation. 2019 Feb 26;139(9):1134-45.全文  摘要

75. Alberts MJ, Latchaw RE, Jagoda A, et al. Revised and updated recommendations for the establishment of primary stroke centers: a summary statement from the brain attack coalition. Stroke. 2011 Sep;42(9):2651-65.全文  摘要

76. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Executive Committee; ESO Writing Committee. Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;25(5):457-507.全文  摘要

77. Schwamm LH, Wu O, Song SS, et al; MR WITNESS Investigators. Intravenous thrombolysis in unwitnessed stroke onset: MR WITNESS trial results. Ann Neurol. 2018 May;83(5):980-93.全文  摘要

78. Campbell BC, Ma H, Ringleb PA, et al; EXTEND, ECASS-4, and EPITHET Investigators. Extending thrombolysis to 4·5-9 h and wake-up stroke using perfusion imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2019 Jul 13;394(10193):139-47. 摘要

79. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-418.全文  摘要

80. Sanna T, Diener HC, Passman RS, et al. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 26;370(26):2478-86.全文  摘要

81. Gladstone DJ, Spring M, Dorian P, et al; EMBRACE Investigators and Coordinators. Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 26;370(26):2467-77.全文  摘要

82. Johnston SC, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Schwarz ME, et al. National Stroke Association guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks. Ann Neurol. 2006 Sep;60(3):301-13.全文  摘要

83. Kiyohara T, Kamouchi M, Kumai Y, et al. ABCD3 and ABCD3-I scores are superior to ABCD2 score in the prediction of short- and long-term risks of stroke after transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2014 Feb;45(2):418-25.全文  摘要

84. Zhao M, Wang S, Zhang D, et al. Comparison of stroke prediction accuracy of ABCD2 and ABCD3-I in patients with transient ischemic attack: a meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017 Oct;26(10):2387-95. 摘要

85. Mayer L, Ferrari J, Krebs S, et al; Austrian Stroke Unit Collaborators. ABCD3-I score and the risk of early or 3-month stroke recurrence in tissue- and time-based definitions of TIA and minor stroke. J Neurol. 2018 Mar;265(3):530-4.全文  摘要

86. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. May 2019 [internet publication].全文

87. Giles MF, Rothwell PM. Risk of stroke early after transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Dec;6(12):1063-72. 摘要

88. Higgins P, MacFarlane PW, Dawson J, et al. Noninvasive cardiac event monitoring to detect atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke. 2013 Sep;44(9):2525-31.全文  摘要

89. Hill MD, Demchuk AM, Tomsick TA, et al. Using the baseline CT scan to select acute stroke patients for IV-IA therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Sep;27(8):1612-6.全文  摘要

90. Caplan L. Caplan's stroke: a clinical approach. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2009.

91. Chalela JA, Kidwell CS, Nentwich LM, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in emergency assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke: a prospective comparison. Lancet. 2007 Jan 27;369(9558):293-8.全文  摘要

92. Baird TA, Parsons MW, Phanh T, et al. Persistent poststroke hyperglycemia is independently associated with infarct expansion and worse clinical outcome. Stroke. 2003 Sep;34(9):2208-14.全文  摘要

93. Kase CS, Furlan AJ, Wechsler LR, et al. Cerebral hemorrhage after intra-arterial thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: the PROACT II trial. Neurology. 2001 Nov 13;57(9):1603-10. 摘要

94. Demchuk AM, Morgenstern LB, Krieger DW, et al. Serum glucose level and diabetes predict tissue plasminogen activator-related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1999 Jan;30(1):34-9.全文  摘要

95. Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):2160-236.全文  摘要

96. Roch JA, Nighoghossian N, Hermier M, et al. Transient neurologic symptoms related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy: usefulness of T2*-weighted imaging. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;20(5):412-4. 摘要

97. Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, et al; ECASS Investigators. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 25;359(13):1317-29.全文  摘要

98. Whiteley WN, Emberson J, Lees KR, et al. Risk of intracerebral haemorrhage with alteplase after acute ischaemic stroke: a secondary analysis of an individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Aug;15(9):925-33. 摘要

99. Kheiri B, Osman M, Abdalla A, et al. Tenecteplase versus alteplase for management of acute ischemic stroke: a pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2018 Nov;46(4):440-50. 摘要

100. Saver JL. Number needed to treat estimates incorporating effects over the entire range of clinical outcomes: novel derivation method and application to thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke. Arch Neurol. 2004 Jul;61(7):1066-70.全文  摘要

101. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 14;333(24):1581-7.全文  摘要

102. Johnston KC, Bruno A, Pauls Q, et al; Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials Network and the SHINE Trial Investigators. Intensive vs standard treatment of hyperglycemia and functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke: the SHINE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 Jul 23;322(4):326-35.全文  摘要

103. Fuentes B, Ntaios G, Putaala J, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on glycaemia management in acute stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2018 Mar;3(1):5-21.全文  摘要

104. Anderson CS, Huang Y, Lindley RI, et al; ENCHANTED Investigators and Coordinators. Intensive blood pressure reduction with intravenous thrombolysis therapy for acute ischaemic stroke (ENCHANTED): an international, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019 Mar 2;393(10174):877-88. 摘要

105. Albers GW, Amarenco P, Easton JD, et al. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004 Sep;126(3 suppl):483-512S. 摘要

106. Bhatnagar P, Sinha D, Parker RA, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis to aid decision making in patients over 80 years of age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011 Jul;82(7):712-7.全文  摘要

107. Zinkstok SM, Roos YB; ARTIS investigators. Early administration of aspirin in patients treated with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012 Aug 25;380(9843):731-7. 摘要

108. Wang Y, Johnston SC, Bath PM, et al. Acute dual antiplatelet therapy for minor ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. BMJ. 2019 Feb 28;364:l895.全文  摘要

109. Hao Q, Tampi M, O'Donnell M, et al. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for acute minor ischaemic stroke or high risk transient ischaemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018 Dec 18;363:k5108.全文  摘要

110. Rahman H, Khan SU, Nasir F, et al. Optimal duration of aspirin plus clopidogrel after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2019 Apr;50(4):947-53.全文  摘要

111. Prasad K, Siemieniuk R, Hao Q, et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel for acute high risk transient ischaemic attack and minor ischaemic stroke: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 Dec 18;363:k5130.全文  摘要

112. Johnston SC, Elm JJ, Easton JD, et al; POINT and Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials Network Investigators. Time course for benefit and risk of clopidogrel and aspirin after acute transient ischemic attack and minor ischemic stroke: a secondary analysis from the POINT Randomized Trial. Circulation. 2019 Aug 20;140(8):658-64.全文  摘要

113. Sacks D, Baxter B, Campbell BCV, et al. Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke: from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe (CIRSE), Canadian Interventional Radiology Association (CIRA), Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), European Stroke Organization (ESO), Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR), Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), and World Stroke Organization (WSO). J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2018 Apr;29(4):441-53.全文  摘要

114. Turc G, Bhogal P, Fischer U, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) - European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) guidelines on mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke: endorsed by Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE). Eur Stroke J. 2019 Mar;4(1):6-12.全文  摘要

115. Campbell BC, Donnan GA, Mitchell PJ, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy for stroke: current best practice and future goals. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2016 Feb 16;1(1):16-22.全文  摘要

116. Rodrigues FB, Neves JB, Caldeira D, et al. Endovascular treatment versus medical care alone for ischaemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016 Apr 18;353:i1754.全文  摘要

117. Mueller-Kronast NH, Zaidat OO, Froehler MT, et al; STRATIS Investigators. Systematic evaluation of patients treated with neurothrombectomy devices for acute ischemic stroke: primary results of the STRATIS Registry. Stroke. 2017 Oct;48(10):2760-8.全文  摘要

118. Vidale S, Agostoni E. Endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke: an updated meta-analysis of efficacy and safety. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2017 May;51(4):215-9. 摘要

119. Griessenauer CJ, Medin C, Maingard J, et al. Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in large-vessel occlusion ischemic stroke presenting with low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018 Feb;110:263-9. 摘要

120. Balami JS, White PM, McMeekin PJ, et al. Complications of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke: prevention and management. Int J Stroke. 2018 Jun;13(4):348-61. 摘要

121. Campbell BC, van Zwam WH, Goyal M, et al; HERMES collaborators. Effect of general anaesthesia on functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation ischaemic stroke having endovascular thrombectomy versus standard care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Jan;17(1):47-53. 摘要

122. Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, et al; DAWN Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 4;378(1):11-21.全文  摘要

123. Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, et al; DEFUSE 3 Investigators. Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med. 2018 Feb 22;378(8):708-18.全文  摘要

124. Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, et al. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke: the PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999 Dec 1;282(21):2003-11.全文  摘要

125. Sandercock PA, Counsell C, Kane EJ. Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Mar 12;(3):CD000024.全文  摘要

126. Yi X, Lin J, Wang C, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin is more effective than aspirin in preventing early neurologic deterioration and improving six-month outcome. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014 Jul;23(6):1537-44. 摘要

127. Wang QS, Chen C, Chen XY, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus aspirin for acute ischemic stroke with large artery occlusive disease: subgroup analyses from the Fraxiparin in Stroke Study for the treatment of ischemic stroke (FISS-tris) study. Stroke. 2012 Feb;43(2):346-9.全文  摘要

128. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016 Oct 7;37(38):2893-962.全文  摘要

129. Chu DK, Kim LH, Young PJ, et al. Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018 Apr 28;391(10131):1693-705. 摘要

130. Siemieniuk RAC, Chu DK, Kim LH, et al. Oxygen therapy for acutely ill medical patients: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 Oct 24;363:k4169.全文  摘要

131. Rønning OM, Guldvog B. Should stroke victims routinely receive supplemental oxygen? A quasi-randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 1999 Oct;30(10):2033-7.全文  摘要

132. Perkins GD, Olasveengen TM, Maconochie I, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation: 2017 update. Resuscitation. 2018 Feb;123:43-50. 摘要

133. Colquhoun MC, Handley AJ, Evans TR, eds. ABC of resuscitation. 5th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2004.

134. Perkins GD, Olasveengen TM, Maconochie I, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation: 2017 update. Resuscitation. 2018 Feb;123:43-50. 摘要

135. Ahmed N, Näsman P, Wahlgren NG. Effect of intravenous nimodipine on blood pressure and outcome after acute stroke. Stroke. 2000 Jun;31(6):1250-5.全文  摘要

136. Bruno A, Kent TA, Coull BM, et al. Treatment of hyperglycemia in ischemic stroke (THIS): a randomized pilot trial. Stroke. 2008 Feb;39(2):384-9. 摘要

137. Walters MR, Weir CJ, Lees KR. A randomised, controlled pilot study to investigate the potential benefit of intervention with insulin in hyperglycaemic acute ischaemic stroke patients. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;22(2-3):116-22. 摘要

138. Gray CS, Hildreth AJ, Sandercock PA, et al. Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK). Lancet Neurol. 2007 May;6(5):397-406. 摘要

139. Reith J, Jorgensen HS, Pedersen PM, et al. Body temperature in acute stroke: relation to stroke severity, infarct size, mortality, and outcome. Lancet. 1996 Feb 17;347(8999):422-5. 摘要

140. Krieger DW, Yenari MA. Therapeutic hypothermia for acute ischemic stroke: what do laboratory studies teach us? Stroke. 2004 Jun;35(6):1482-9.全文  摘要

141. Den Hertog HM, van der Worp HB, Tseng MC, et al. Cooling therapy for acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD001247.全文  摘要

142. Ntaios G, Dziedzic T, Michel P, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for the management of temperature in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Int J Stroke. 2015 Aug;10(6):941-9.全文  摘要

143. Langhorne P, Ramachandra S, Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration. Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 23;(4):CD000197.全文  摘要

144. Adeoye O, Nyström KV, Yavagal DR, et al. Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: a 2019 update. Stroke. 2019 Jul;50(7):e187-210.全文  摘要

145. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Stroke rehabilitation in adults. Jun 2013 [internet publication].全文

146. Martino R, Foley N, Bhogal S, et al. Dysphagia after stroke: incidence, diagnosis, and pulmonary complications. Stroke. 2005 Dec;36(12):2756-63.全文  摘要

147. Mann G, Hankey GJ, Cameron D. Swallowing function after stroke: prognosis and prognostic factors at 6 months. Stroke. 1999 Apr;30(4):744-8.全文  摘要

148. Wijdicks EF, Scott JP. Pulmonary embolism associated with acute stroke. Mayo Clin Proc. 1997 Apr;72(4):297-300. 摘要

149. Dennis M, Caso V, Kappelle LJ, et al; European Stroke Organisation. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in immobile patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2016 Mar;1(1):6-19.全文  摘要

150. Dennis M, Sandercock P, Reid J, et al; CLOTS (Clots in Legs Or sTockings after Stroke) Trials Collaboration. Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression in reduction of risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients who have had a stroke (CLOTS 3): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013 Aug 10;382(9891):516-24.全文  摘要

151. AVERT Trial Collaboration group. Efficacy and safety of very early mobilisation within 24 h of stroke onset (AVERT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 Jul 4;386(9988):46-55.全文  摘要

152. Laver KE, Lange B, George S, et al. Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 20;(11):CD008349.全文  摘要

153. Tomida K, Sonoda S, Hirano S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of gait training using Gait Exercise Assist Robot (GEAR) in stroke patients with hemiplegia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019 Sep;28(9):2421-8. 摘要

154. Brady MC, Kelly H, Godwin J, et al. Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 1;(6):CD000425.全文  摘要

155. Rothwell PM, Algra A, Chen Z, et al. Effects of aspirin on risk and severity of early recurrent stroke after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: time-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Jul 23;388(10042):365-75.全文  摘要

156. Lansberg MG, O'Donnell MJ, Khatri P, et al. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 suppl):e601-36S.全文  摘要

157. Badhiwala JH, Nassiri F, Alhazzani W, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015 Nov 3;314(17):1832-43.全文  摘要

158. Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Apr 23;387(10029):1723-31. 摘要

159. Campbell BC, Hill MD, Rubiera M, et al. Safety and efficacy of solitaire stent thrombectomy: individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials. Stroke. 2016 Mar;47(3):798-806.全文  摘要

160. Toth C, Voll C. Validation of a weight-based nomogram for the use of intravenous heparin in transient ischemic attack or stroke. Stroke. 2002 Mar;33(3):670-4.全文  摘要

161. Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, et al; WAKE-UP Investigators. MRI-guided thrombolysis for stroke with unknown time of onset. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 16;379(7):611-22.全文  摘要

162. Ma H, Campbell BC, Parsons MW, et al; EXTEND Investigators. Thrombolysis guided by perfusion imaging up to 9 hours after onset of stroke. N Engl J Med. 2019 May 9;380(19):1795-803.全文  摘要

163. Cheng JW, Zhang XJ, Cheng LS, et al. Low-dose tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 Feb;27(2):381-90. 摘要

164. Wang X, You S, Sato S, et al. Current status of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator dosage for acute ischaemic stroke: an updated systematic review. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018 Mar;3(1):28-33.全文  摘要

165. Wang Y, Liu M, Pu C. 2014 Chinese guidelines for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Int J Stroke. 2017 Apr;12(3):302-20. 摘要

166. Cooray C, Mazya M, Bottai M, et al. External validation of the ASTRAL and DRAGON scores for prediction of functional outcome in stroke. Stroke. 2016 Jun;47(6):1493-9.全文  摘要

167. Ferrarello F, Baccini M, Rinaldi LA, et al. Efficacy of physiotherapy interventions late after stroke: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;82(2):136-43. 摘要

168. Starkstein SE, Mizrahi R, Power BD. Antidepressant therapy in post-stroke depression. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jun;9(8):1291-8. 摘要

169. Wang JZ, Vyas MV, Saposnik G, et al. Incidence and management of seizures after ischemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2017 Sep 19;89(12):1220-8. 摘要

170. Jensen MB, St Louis EK. Management of acute cerebellar stroke. Arch Neurol. 2005 Apr;62(4):537-44.全文  摘要

171. Vahedi K, Hofmeijer J, Juettler E, et al. Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Mar;6(3):215-22. 摘要

172. Alawneh JA, Hutchinson PA, Warburton E. Stroke management: decompressive hemicraniectomy. Systematic review 0201. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015;2015:0201.全文

173. Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, et al. Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016 Jun;47(6):e98-169.全文  摘要

174. Roldán V, Cancio S, Gálvez J, et al. The SAMe-TT2R2 score predicts poor anticoagulation control in AF patients: a prospective 'real-world' inception cohort study. Am J Med. 2015 Nov;128(11):1237-43. 摘要

175. Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1994 Jul 11;154(13):1449-57. 摘要

176. Lip GY, Banerjee A, Boriani G, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2018 Nov;154(5):1121-201.全文  摘要

177. Lane DA, Lip GY. Use of the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED scores to aid decision making for thromboprophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2012 Aug 14;126(7):860-5.全文  摘要

178. Ntaios G, Papavasileiou V, Diener HC, et al. Nonvitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Stroke. 2017 Aug;12(6):589-96. 摘要

179. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002 Jan 12;324(7329):71-86.全文  摘要

180. Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, et al. Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 May 20;367(9523):1665-73. 摘要

181. Kamal AK, Naqvi I, Husain MR, et al. Cilostazol versus aspirin for secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke of arterial origin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD008076.全文  摘要

182. Huang HP, Lin WH, Chen SG, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of nine anti-platelet therapies for patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a mixed treatment comparisons. Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Mar;54(2):1456-66. 摘要

183. Toyoda K, Uchiyama S, Yamaguchi T, et al; CSPS.com Trial Investigators. Dual antiplatelet therapy using cilostazol for secondary prevention in patients with high-risk ischaemic stroke in Japan: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jun;18(6):539-48. 摘要

184. Orrapin S, Rerkasem K. Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 7;(6):CD001081.全文  摘要

185. Brott TG, Hobson RW 2nd, Howard G, et al; CREST Investigators. Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 1;363(1):11-23.全文  摘要

186. Brott TG, Howard G, Roubin GS, et al; CREST Investigators. Long-term results of stenting versus endarterectomy for carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Mar 17;374(11):1021-31.全文  摘要

187. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1082-143.全文  摘要

188. Ahmed N, Steiner T, Caso V, et al; ESO-KSU session participants. Recommendations from the ESO-Karolinska Stroke Update Conference, Stockholm 13-15 November 2016. Eur Stroke J. 2017 Jun;2(2):95-102.全文

189. Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Furie KL, et al; IRIS Trial Investigators. Pioglitazone after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 7;374(14):1321-31.全文  摘要

190. Ahmad Y, Howard JP, Arnold A, et al. Patent foramen ovale closure vs. medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2018 May 7;39(18):1638-49.全文  摘要

191. Lattanzi S, Brigo F, Cagnetti C, et al. Patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack: to close or not to close? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;45(5-6):193-203.全文  摘要

192. Ntaios G, Papavasileiou V, Sagris D, et al. Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy in patients with cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2018 Feb;49(2):412-8.全文  摘要

193. Vidale S, Russo F, Campana C, et al. Patent foramen ovale closure versus medical therapy in cryptogenic strokes and transient ischemic attacks: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Angiology. 2019 Apr;70(4):325-31. 摘要

194. Kuijpers T, Spencer FA, Siemieniuk RA, et al. Patent foramen ovale closure, antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation therapy alone for management of cryptogenic stroke? A clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 Jul 25;362:k2515.全文  摘要

195. Mir H, Siemieniuk RA, Ge L, et al. Patent foramen ovale closure, antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation in patients with patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis incorporating complementary external evidence. BMJ Open. 2018 Jul 25;8(7):e023761.全文  摘要

196. Zonneveld TP, Richard E, Vergouwen MD, et al. Blood pressure-lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 19;(7):CD007858.全文  摘要

197. Zheng S, Yao B. Impact of risk factors for recurrence after the first ischemic stroke in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Feb;60:24-30. 摘要

内容使用需遵循免责声明