Ginecomastia

Nuttall FQ. Gynecomastia as a physical finding in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979 Feb;48(2):338-40. Resumo

Carlson HE. Approach to the patient with gynecomastia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jan;96(1):15-21.Texto completo  Resumo

Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 May 1;103(5):1715-44.Texto completo  Resumo

American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Evaluation of the symptomatic male breast. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

Kanakis GA, Nordkap L, Bang AK, et al. EAA clinical practice guidelines-gynecomastia evaluation and management. Andrology. 2019 Nov;7(6):778-93.Texto completo  Resumo

Soliman AT, De Sanctis V, Yassin M. Management of adolescent gynecomastia: an update. Acta Biomed. 2017 Aug 23;88(2):204-213.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Niewoehner CB, Schorer AE. Gynaecomastia and breast cancer in men. BMJ. 2008 Mar 29;336(7646):709-13. Resumo

2. Simon BE, Hoffman S, Kahn S. Classification and surgical correction of gynecomastia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1973 Jan;51(1):48-52. Resumo

3. McKiernan JF, Hull D. Breast development in the newborn. Arch Dis Child. 1981 Jul;56(7):525-9.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Nydick M, Bustos J, Dale JH Jr, et al. Gynecomastia in adolescent boys. JAMA. 1961 Nov 4;178:449-54. Resumo

5. Nuttall FQ. Gynecomastia as a physical finding in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979 Feb;48(2):338-40. Resumo

6. Niewoehner CB, Nuttall FQ. Gynecomastia in a hospitalized male population. Am J Med. 1984 Oct;77(4):633-8. Resumo

7. Anderson JA, Gram JB. Male breast at autopsy. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand. 1982 May;90(3):191-7. Resumo

8. Travison TG, Araujo AB, Kupelian V, et al. The relative contributions of aging, health and lifestyle factors to serum testosterone decline in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;92(2):549-55.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, et al. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;86(2):724-31.Texto completo  Resumo

10. Braunstein GD. Gynecomastia. New Engl J Med. 1993 Feb 18;328(7):490-95. Resumo

11. Carlson HE. Approach to the patient with gynecomastia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jan;96(1):15-21.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Deepinder F, Braunstein GD. Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012 Sep;11(5):779-95. Resumo

13. Nuttall FQ, Warrier RS, Gannon MC. Gynecomastia and drugs: a critical evaluation of the literature. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;71(5):569-78.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Shozu M, Sebastian S, Takayama K, et al. Estrogen excess associated with novel gain-of-function mutations affecting the aromatase gene. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 8;348(19):1855-65. Resumo

15. Dobs A, Darkes MJ. Incidence and management of gynecomastia in men treated for prostate cancer. J Urol. 2005 Nov;174(5):1737-42. Resumo

16. Schulman C, Pommerville P, Hofner K, et al. Long-term therapy with the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dusteride is well tolerated in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2006 Jan;97(1):73-9. Resumo

17. Jensen RT, Collen MJ, Pandol SJ, et al. Cimetidine-induced impotence and breast changes in patients with gastric hypersecretory states. N Engl J Med. 1983 Apr 14;308(15):883-7. Resumo

18. Thompson DF, Carter JR. Drug-induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Jan-Feb;13(1):37-45. Resumo

19. Finkelstein JS, McCully WF, MacLaughlin DT, et al. The mortician's mystery: gynecomastia and reversible hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in an embalmer. N Engl J Med. 1988 Apr 14;318(15):961-5. Resumo

20. Harrington JM, Stein GF, Rivera RO, et al. The occupational hazards of formulating oral contraceptives: a survey of plant employees. Arch Environ Health. 1978 Jan-Feb;33(1):12-5. Resumo

21. Henley DV, Lipson N, Korach KS, et al. Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 1;356(5):479-85.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Durmaz E, Özmert EN, Erkekoğlu P, et al. Plasma phthalate levels in pubertal gynecomastia. Pediatrics. 2010 Jan;125(1):e122-9.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Huffman DH, Kampmann JP, Hignite CE, et al. Gynecomastia induced in normal males by spironolactone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978 Oct;24(4):465-73. Resumo

24. Bagatell CJ, Bremner WJ. Androgens in men: uses and abuses. N Engl J Med. 1996 Mar 14;334(11):707-14. Resumo

25. Perry PJ, Lund BC, Deninger MJ, et al. Anabolic steroid use in weight lifters and body builders: an internet survey of drug utilization. Clin J Sport Med. 2005 Sep;15(5):326-30. Resumo

26. Friedl KE, Yesalis CE. Self-treatment of gynecomastia in bodybuilders who use anabolic steroids. Physician Sportsmed. 1989 Mar;17(3):67-79. Resumo

27. Mira JA, Lozano F, Santos J, et al. Gynaecomastia in HIV-infected men on highly active antiretroviral therapy: association with efavirenz and didanosine treatment. Antivir Ther. 2004 Aug;9(4):511-17. Resumo

28. Dobs AS, Meikle AW, Arver S, et al. Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system in comparison with bi-weekly injections of testosterone enanthate for the treatment of hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Oct;84(10):3469-78.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Battaglia M, et al. Evaluation of tamoxifen and anastrozole in the prevention of gynecomastia and breast pain induced by bicalutamide monotherapy of prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 1;23(4):808-15.Texto completo  Resumo

30. Salzstein D, Sieber P, Morris T, et al. Prevention and management of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia and breast pain: randomized endocrinologic and clinical studies with tamoxifen and anastrozole. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2005;8(1):75-83.Texto completo  Resumo

31. Fradet Y, Egerdie B, Andersen M, et al. Tamoxifen as prophylaxis for prevention of gynaecomastia and breast pain associated with bicalutamide 150 mg monotherapy in patients with prostate cancer: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Eur Urol. 2007 Jul;52(1):106-14. Resumo

32. Viani GA, Bernardes da Silva LG, Stefano EJ. Prevention of gynecomastia and breast pain caused by androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: tamoxifen or radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Jul 15;83(4):e519-24. Resumo

33. Kunath F, Keck B, Antes G, et al. Tamoxifen for the management of breast events induced by non-steroidal antiandrogens in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2012 Aug 28;10:96.Texto completo  Resumo

34. Lawrence SE, Faught KA, Vethamuthu J, et al. Beneficial effects of raloxifene and tamoxifen in the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia. J Pediatr. 2004 Jul;145(1):71-6. Resumo

35. Tyrrell CJ, Payne H, Tammela TL, et al. Prophylactic breast irradiation with a single dose of electron beam radiotherapy (10 Gy) significantly reduces the incidence of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Oct 1;60(2):476-83. Resumo

36. Perdonà S, Autorino R, De Placido S, et al. Efficacy of tamoxifen and radiotherapy for prevention and treatment of gynecomastia and breast pain caused by bicalutamide in prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005 May;6(5):295-300. Resumo

37. Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 May 1;103(5):1715-44.Texto completo  Resumo

38. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Evaluation of the symptomatic male breast. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

39. Kanakis GA, Nordkap L, Bang AK, et al. EAA clinical practice guidelines-gynecomastia evaluation and management. Andrology. 2019 Nov;7(6):778-93.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Narula HS, Carlson HE. Gynaecomastia-pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014 Nov;10(11):684-98. Resumo

41. Janes SE, Lengyel JA, Singh S, et al. Needle core biopsy for the assessment of unilateral breast masses in men. Breast. 2006 Apr;15(2):273-5. Resumo

42. Hines SL, Tan WW, Yasrebi M, et al. The role of mammography in male patients with breast symptoms. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Mar;82(3):297-300. Resumo

43. Gao Y, Goldberg JE, Young TK, et al. Breast cancer screening in high-risk men: a 12-year longitudinal observational study of male breast imaging utilization and outcomes. Radiology. 2019 Nov;293(2):282-91.Texto completo  Resumo

44. McDermott MT, Hofeldt FD, Kidd GS. Tamoxifen therapy for painful, idiopathic gynecomastia. South Med J. 1990 Nov;83(11):1283-5. Resumo

45. Hanavadi S, Banerjee D, Monypenny IJ, et al. The role of tamoxifen in the management of gynaecomastia. Breast. 2006 Apr;15(2):276-80. Resumo

46. Mannu GS, Sudul M, Bettencourt-Silva JH, et al. Role of tamoxifen in idiopathic gynecomastia: A 10-year prospective cohort study. Breast J. 2018 Nov;24(6):1043-5. Resumo

47. Ting AC, Chow LW, Leung YF. Comparison of tamoxifen with danazol in the management of idiopathic gynecomastia. Am Surg. 2000 Jan;66(1):38-40. Resumo

48. Buckle R. Danazol therapy in gynaecomastia; recent experience and indications for therapy. Postgrad Med J. 1979;55 Suppl 5:71-8. Resumo

49. Babigian A, Silverman RT. Management of gynecomastia due to use of anabolic steroids in bodybuilders. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Jan;107(1):240-42. Resumo

50. Fruhstorfer BH, Malata CM. A systematic approach to the surgical treatment of gynaecomastia. Br J Plast Surg. 2003 Apr;56(3):237-46. Resumo

51. Persichetti P, Berloco M, Casadei RM, et al. Gynecomastia and the complete circumareolar approach in the surgical management of skin redundancy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Apr 1;107(4):948-54. Resumo

52. Hodgson EL, Fruhstorfer BH, Malata CM. Ultrasonic liposuction in the treatment of gynecomastia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Aug;116(2):646-53. Resumo

53. Gabra HO, Morabito A, Bianchi A, et al. Gynaecomastia in the adolescent: a surgically relevant condition. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Feb;14(1):3-6. Resumo

54. Colombo-Benkmann M, Buse B, Stern J, et al. Indications for and results of surgical therapy for male gynecomastia. Am J Surg. 1999 Jul;178(1):60-3. Resumo

55. Trelles MA, Mordon SR, Bonanad E, et al. Laser-assisted lipolysis in the treatment of gynecomastia: a prospective study in 28 patients. Lasers Med Sci. 2013 Feb;28(2):375-82. Resumo

56. Bedognetti D, Rubagotti A, Conti G, et al. An open, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial comparing the efficacy of two tamoxifen schedules in preventing gynaecomastia induced by bicalutamide monotherapy in prostate cancer patients. Eur Urol. 2010 Feb;57(2):238-45. Resumo

57. Serretta V, Altieri V, Morgia G, et al. A randomized trial comparing tamoxifen therapy vs. tamoxifen prophylaxis in bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012 Sep;10(3):174-9. Resumo

58. Van Poppel H, Tyrrell CJ, Haustermans K, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of radiotherapy as treatment for bicalutamide-induced gynaecomastia and breast pain in prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2005 May;47(5):587-92. Resumo

59. Ozen H, Akyol F, Toktas G, et al. Is prophylactic breast radiotherapy necessary in all patients with prostate cancer and gynecomastia and/or breast pain? J Urol. 2010 Aug;184(2):519-24. Resumo

60. Tunio MA, Al-Asiri M, Al-Amro A, et al. Optimal prophylactic and definitive therapy for bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia: results of a meta-analysis. Curr Oncol. 2012 Aug;19(4):e280-8.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Soliman AT, De Sanctis V, Yassin M. Management of adolescent gynecomastia: an update. Acta Biomed. 2017 Aug 23;88(2):204-213.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Mieritz MG, Rakêt LL, Hagen CP, et al. A longitudinal study of growth, sex steroids, and IGF-1 in boys with physiological gynecomastia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Oct;100(10):3752-9.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Nuzzi LC, Cerrato FE, Erickson CR, et al. Psychosocial impact of adolescent gynecomastia: a prospective case-control study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013 Apr;131(4):890-96. Resumo

64. Lapid O, van Wingerden JJ, Perlemuter L. Tamoxifen therapy for the management of pubertal gynecomastia: a systematic review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2013;26(9-10):803-7. Resumo

65. Eberle AJ, Sparrow JT, Keenan BS. Treatment of persistent pubertal gynecomastia with dihydrotestosterone heptanoate. J Pediatr. 1986 Jul;109(1):144-9. Resumo

66. Plourde PV, Kulin HE, Santner SJ. Clomiphene in the treatment of adolescent gynecomastia. Am J Dis Child. 1983 Nov;137(11):1080-2. Resumo

67. Koshy JC, Goldberg JS, Wolfswinkel EM, et al. Breast cancer incidence in adolescent males undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy for gynecomastia: is pathologic examination justified? A retrospective and literature review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Jan;127(1):1-7. Resumo

68. Einav-Bachar R, Phillip M, Aurbach-Klipper Y, et al. Prepubertal gynaecomastia: aetiology, course and outcome. Clin Endocrinol. 2004 Jul;61(1):55-60. Resumo

69. Benveniste O, Simon A, Herson S. Successful percutaneous dihydrotestosterone treatment of gynecomastia occurring during highly active retroviral therapy: four cases and a review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Sep 15;33(6):891-3.Texto completo  Resumo