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Referências

Principais artigos

Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Oct;30(5):323-32. Resumo

Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988 Jun;124(6):869-71. Resumo

Bhawan J, Andersen W, Lee J, et al. Photoaging versus intrinsic aging: a morphologic assessment of facial skin. J Cutan Pathol. 1995 Apr;22(2):154-9. Resumo

Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Oct;30(5):323-32. Resumo

Ogden S, Griffiths TW. A review of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Nov;159(5):1036-50. Resumo

Klein AW. Techniques for soft tissue augmentation: an 'A to Z'. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7(2):107-20. Resumo

Papadavid E, Katsambas A. Lasers for facial rejuvenation: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2003 Jun;42(6):480-7. Resumo

Artigos de referência

1. Kligman AM, Zheng P, Lavker RM. The anatomy and pathogenesis of wrinkles. Br J Dermatol. 1985 Jul;113(1):37-42. Resumo

2. Glogau RG. Aesthetic and anatomic analysis of the aging skin. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1996 Sep;15(3):134-8. Resumo

3. Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP, Satur NM, et al. Pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of photo-aged facial skin. Arch Dermatol. 1996 Apr;132(4):395-402. Resumo

4. Alexiades-Armenakas M. Rhytides, laxity, and photoaging treated with a combination of radiofrequency, diode laser, and pulsed light and assessed with a comprehensive grading scale. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Sep;5(8):731-8. Resumo

5. Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Oct;30(5):323-32. Resumo

6. Fitzpatrick TB. Soleil et peau. J Med Esthet. 1975;2:33034.

7. Ernster VL, Grady D, Miike R, et al. Facial wrinkling in men and women, by smoking status. Am J Public Health. 1995 Jan;85(1):78-82.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Tsukahara K, Fujimura T, Yoshida Y, et al. Comparison of age-related changes in wrinkling and sagging of the skin in Caucasian females and in Japanese females. J Cosmet Sci. 2004 Jul-Aug;55(4):351-71. Resumo

9. Nouveau-Richard S, Yang Z, Mac-Mary S, et al. Skin ageing: a comparison between Chinese and European populations: a pilot study. J Dermatol Sci. 2005 Dec;40(3):187-93. Resumo

10. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988 Jun;124(6):869-71. Resumo

11. Zimbler MS, Kokoska MS, Thomas JR. Anatomy and pathophysiology of facial aging. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2001 May;9(2):179-87. Resumo

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13. Chung JH, Lee SH, Youn CS, et al. Cutaneous photodamage in Koreans: influence of sex, sun exposure, smoking, and skin color. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:1043-1051.Texto completo  Resumo

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16. Stratigos AJ, Katsambas AD. The role of topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging. Drugs. 2005;65(8):1061-72. Resumo

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18. Helfrich YR, Yu L, Ofori A, et al. Effect of smoking on aging of photoprotected skin: evidence gathered using a new photonumeric scale. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Mar;143(3):397-402.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Bentley JP. Aging of collagen. J Invest Dermatol. 1979 Jul;73(1):80-3. Resumo

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22. Bhawan J, Andersen W, Lee J, et al. Photoaging versus intrinsic aging: a morphologic assessment of facial skin. J Cutan Pathol. 1995 Apr;22(2):154-9. Resumo

23. Rees TD, Aston SJ, Thorne CH. Blepharoplasty and facialplasty. In: McCarthy J, ed. Plastic surgery. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1990:2320-2414.

24. Rabe JH, Mamelak AJ, McElgunn PJ, et al. Photoaging: mechanisms and repair. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Jul;55(1):1-19. Resumo

25. Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 1: Cellular and molecular perspectives of skin ageing. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Oct;30(5):313-22. Resumo

26. Knuutinen A, Kokkonen N, Risteli J, et al. Smoking affects collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix turnover in human skin. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Apr;146(4):588-94. Resumo

27. Raitio A, Tuomas H, Kokkonen N, et al. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and -8 in the skin, serum and saliva of smokers and non-smokers. Arch Dermatol Res. 2005 Dec;297(6):242-8. Resumo

28. Richardson D. Effects of tobacco smoke inhalation on capillary blood flow in human skin. Arch Environ Health. 1987 Jan-Feb;42(1):19-25. Resumo

29. Joffe I. Cigarette smoking and facial wrinkling. Ann Intern Med. 1991 Oct 15;115(8):659-60. Resumo

30. Demierre MF, Brooks D, Koh HK, et al. Public knowledge, awareness and perceptions of the association between skin aging and smoking. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999 Jul;41(1):27-30. Resumo

31. Landau M. Exogenous factors in skin aging. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2007;35:1-13. Resumo

32. Freiman A, Bird G, Metelitsa AI, et al. Cutaneous effects of smoking. J Cutan Med Surg. 2004 Nov-Dec;8(6):415-23. Resumo

33. Kadunce DP, Burr R, Gress R. Cigarette smoking: risk factor for premature facial wrinkling. Ann Intern Med. 1991 May 15;114(10):840-4. Resumo

34. Koh JS. Cigarette smoking associated with premature facial wrinkling: image analysis of facial skin replicas. Int J Dermatol. 2002 Jan;41(1):21-7. Resumo

35. Rexbye H, Petersen I, Johansens M, et al. Influence of environmental factors on facial ageing. Age Ageing. 2006 Mar;35(2):110-5.Texto completo  Resumo

36. Alexiades-Armenakas M. Rhytides, laxity, and photoaging treated with a combination of radiofrequency, diode laser, and pulsed light and assessed with a comprehensive grading scale. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Sep;5(8):731-8. Resumo

37. Lemperle G, Holmes RE, Cohen SR, et al. A classification of facial wrinkles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Nov;108(6):1735-50; discussion 1751-2. Resumo

38. Alexiades-Armenakas M. A quantitative and comprehensive grading scale for rhytides, laxity, and photoaging. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Sep;5(8):808-9. Resumo

39. Green AC. Premature ageing of the skin in a Queensland population. Med J Aust. 1991 Oct 7;155(7):473-4, 477-8. Resumo

40. Bukvic Mokos Z, Lipozencic J, Pasic A, et al. Laser therapy for solar lentigines: review of the literature and case report. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2006;14(2):81-5. Resumo

41. Lavker RM. Cutaneous aging: chronologic versus photoaging. In: Gilchrest BA, ed. Photodamage. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science; 1995:123-135.

42. Contet-Audonneau JL, Jeanmaire C, Pauly G. A histological study of human wrinkle structures: comparison between sun-exposed areas of the face, with or without wrinkles, and sun-protected areas. Br J Dermatol. 1999 Jun;140(6):1038-47. Resumo

43. Sauermann K, Clemann S, Jaspers S, et al. Age related changes of human skin investigated with histometric measurements by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. Skin Res Technol. 2002 Feb;8(1):52-6. Resumo

44. Gonzalez S, Swindells K, Rajadhyaksha M, et al. Changing paradigms in dermatology: confocal microscopy in clinical and surgical dermatology. Clin Dermatol. 2003 Sep-Oct;21(5):359-69. Resumo

45. English JS, Swerdlow AJ. The risk of malignant melanoma, internal malignancy and mortality in xeroderma pigmentosum patients. Br J Dermatol. 1987 Oct;117(4):457-61. Resumo

46. Kligman AM, Zheng P, Lavker RM. The anatomy and pathogenesis of wrinkles. Br J Dermatol. 1985 Jul;113(1):37-42. Resumo

47. Glogau RG. Aesthetic and anatomic analysis of the aging skin. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1996 Sep;15(3):134-8. Resumo

48. Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP, Satur NM, et al. Pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of photo-aged facial skin. Arch Dermatol. 1996 Apr;132(4):395-402. Resumo

49. Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Oct;30(5):323-32. Resumo

50. Kligman AM, Grove GL, Hirose R, et al. Topical tretinoin for photoaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986 Oct;15(4 Pt 2):836-59. Resumo

51. Kligman AM, Graham CF. Histological changes in facial skin after daily application of tretinoin for 5-6 years. J Dermatol Treat. 1993;4:113-117.

52. Weinstein GD, Nigra TP, Pochi PE, et al. Topical tretinoin for treatment of photodamaged skin: a multicenter study. Arch Dermatol. 1991 May;127(5):659-65. Resumo

53. Olsen EA, Kats HI, Levine N, et al. Tretinoin emollient cream: a new therapy for photodamaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992 Feb;26(2 Pt 1):215-24. Resumo

54. Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A. Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2005 Jun;4(2):130-4. Resumo

55. Maddin S, Lauharanta J, Agache P, et al. Isotretinoin improves the appearance of photoaged skin: results of a 36-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Jan;42(1 Pt 1):56-63. Resumo

56. Creidi P, Vienne MP, Ochonisky S, et al. Profilometric evaluation of photodamage after topical retinaldehyde and retinoic acid treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Dec;39(6):960-5. Resumo

57. Phillips TJ, Gottlieb AB, Leyden JJ, et al. Efficacy of 0.1% tazarotene cream for the treatment of photodamage: a 12-month multicenter, randomized trial. Arch Dermatol. 2002 Nov;138(11):1486-93. Resumo

58. Kang S, Goldfarb MT, Weiss J, et al. Assessment of adapalene gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses and lentigines: a randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Jul;49(1):83-90. Resumo

59. Bernstein EF, Lee J, Brown DB, et al. Glycolic acid treatment increases type I collagen mRNA and hyaluronic acid content of human skin. Dermatol Surg. 2001 May;27(5):429-33. Resumo

60. Kligman D, Kligman AM. Salicylic acid peels for the treatment of photoaging. Dermatol Surg. 1998 Mar;24(3):325-8. Resumo

61. De Boulle KL. Botulinum neurotoxin type A in facial aesthetics. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Jun;8(8):1059-72. Resumo

62. Klein AW, Carruthers A, Fagien S, et al. Comparisons among botulinum toxins: an evidence-based review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Jun;121(6):413e-22e. Resumo

63. Carruthers JA, Lowe NJ, Menter MA, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Jun;46(6):840-9. Resumo

64. Shetty MK; IADVL Dermatosurgery Task Force. Guidelines on the use of botulinum toxin type A. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008 Jan;74(suppl):S13-22.Texto completo  Resumo

65. Gadarowski MB, Ghamrawi RI, Taylor SL, et al. PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs for the treatment of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines. Ann Pharmacother. 2021 Mar;55(3):354-61.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Lowe NJ, Yamauchi PS. Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxins for lower aspects of the face and neck. Clin Dermatol. 2004 Jan-Feb;22(1):18-22. Resumo

67. Matarasso A, Shafer D. Botulinum neurotoxin type A-ABO (Dysport): clinical indications and practice guide. Aesthet Surg J. 2009 Nov;29(6 suppl):S72-9. Resumo

68. Pena MA, Alam M, Yoo SS. Complications with the use of botulinum toxin type A for cosmetic applications and hyperhidrosis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2007 Mar;26(1):29-33. Resumo

69. Flynn TC. Botulinum toxin: examining duration of effect in facial aesthetic applications. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(3):183-99. Resumo

70. Ogden S, Griffiths TW. A review of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Nov;159(5):1036-50. Resumo

71. Zakopoulou N, Kontochristopoulos G. Superficial chemical peels. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2006 Sep;5(3):246-53. Resumo

72. Humphreys TR, Werth V, Dzubow L, et al. Treatment of photodamaged skin with trichloroacetic acid and topical tretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996 Apr;34(4):638-44. Resumo

73. Berardesca E, Cameli N, Primavera G, et al. Clinical and instrumental evaluation of skin improvement after treatment with a new 50% pyruvic acid peel. Dermatol Surg. 2006 Apr;32(4):526-31. Resumo

74. Hetter GP. An examination of the phenol-croton oil peel: part IV. Face peel results with different concentrations of phenol and croton oil. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Mar;105(3):1061-83. Resumo

75. Matarasso SL, Brody HJ. Deep chemical peeling. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1996 Sep;15(3):155-61. Resumo

76. Vedamurthy M; IADVL Dematosurgery Task Force. Standard guidelines for the use of dermal fillers. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008 Jan;74(suppl):S23-7.Texto completo  Resumo

77. Lowe NJ, Maxwell CA, Lowe P, et al. Hyaluronic acid skin fillers: adverse reactions and skin testing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Dec;45(6):930-3. Resumo

78. Monheit GD, Coleman KM. Hyaluronic acid fillers. Dermatol Ther. 2006 May-Jun;19(3):141-50. Resumo

79. Gold MH. Use of hyaluronic acid fillers for the treatment of the aging face. Clin Interv Aging. 2007;2(3):369-76.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Brown SA, Rohrich RJ, Baumann L, et al. Subject global evaluation and subject satisfaction using injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human collagen for the correction of nasolabial fold wrinkles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Apr;127(4):1684-92. Resumo

81. Brandt FS, Cazzaniga A, Baumann L, et al. Investigator global evaluations of efficacy of injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human collagen in the correction of nasolabial fold wrinkles. Aesthet Surg J. 2011 Jul;31(5):521-8. Resumo

82. Woerle B, Hanke CW, Sattler G. Poly-L-lactic acid: a temporary filler for soft tissue augmentation. J Drugs Dermatol. 2004 Jul-Aug;3(4):385-9. Resumo

83. Narins RS, Baumann L, Brandt FS, et al. A randomized study of the efficacy and safety of injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human-based collagen implant in the treatment of nasolabial fold wrinkles. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010 Mar;62(3):448-62. Resumo

84. Klein AW. Techniques for soft tissue augmentation: an 'A to Z'. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7(2):107-20. Resumo

85. Klein AW. Soft tissue augmentation 2006: filler fantasy. Dermatol Ther. 2006 May-Jun;19(3):129-33. Resumo

86. Kanchwala SK, Holloway L, Bucky LP. Reliable soft tissue augmentation: a clinical comparison of injectable soft-tissue fillers for facial-volume augmentation. Ann Plast Surg. 2005 Jul;55(1):30-5. Resumo

87. Jansen DA, Graivier MH. Evaluation of a calcium hydroxylapatite-based implant (Radiesse) for facial soft-tissue augmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Sep;118(3 suppl):22S-30S. Resumo

88. Tzikas TL. A 52-month summary of results using calcium hydroxylapatite for facial soft tissue augmentation. Dermatol Surg. 2008 Jun;34(suppl 1):S9-15. Resumo

89. Fakhre GP, Perdikis G, Shaddix KK, et al. An evaluation of calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) for cosmetic nasolabial fold correction: a meta-analysis and patient centric outcomes study. Ann Plast Surg. 2009 Nov;63(5):486-9. Resumo

90. Goldie K, Peeters W, Alghoul M, et al. Global consensus guidelines for the injection of diluted and hyperdiluted calcium hydroxylapatite for skin tightening. Dermatol Surg. 2018 Nov;44 Suppl 1:S32-S41.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Baker TJ, Gordon HL. Chemical face peeling and dermabrasion. Surg Clin North Am. 1971 Apr;51(2):387-401. Resumo

92. Perotti JA. Cutaneous resurfacing: chemical peeling, dermabrasion, and laser resurfacing. In: Grabb and Smith's plastic surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:459-467.

93. Spencer JM. Microdermabrasion. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(2):89-92. Resumo

94. Tan MH, Spencer JM, Pires LM, et al. The evaluation of aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion for photodamage. Dermatol Surg. 2001 Nov;27(11):943-9. Resumo

95. Groff WF, Fitzpatrick RE, Uebelhoer NS. Fractional carbon dioxide and plasmakinetic skin resurfacing. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2008 Dec;27(4):239-51. Resumo

96. Rinaldi F. Laser: a review. Clin Dermatol. 2008 Nov-Dec;26(6):590-601. Resumo

97. Metelitsa AI, Alster TS. Fractionated laser skin resurfacing treatment complications: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2010 Mar;36(3):299-306. Resumo

98. Airan LE, Hruza G. Current lasers in skin resurfacing. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2005 Feb;13(1):127-39. Resumo

99. Alster TS. Cutaneous resurfacing with CO2 and erbium:YAG lasers: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative considerations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999 Feb;103(2):619-32. Resumo

100. Alster TS, Lupton JR. Erbium:YAG laser resurfacing. Dermatol Clin. 2001 Jul;19(3):453-66. Resumo

101. Papadavid E, Katsambas A. Lasers for facial rejuvenation: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2003 Jun;42(6):480-7. Resumo

102. Pessa JE. An algorithm of facial aging: verification of Lambros's theory by three-dimensional stereolithography, with reference to the pathogenesis of midfacial aging, scleral show, and the lateral suborbital trough deformity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Aug;106(2):479-88. Resumo

103. Coleman S. Structural fat grafting. St Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing; 2004.

104. Coleman SR. Hand rejuvenation with structural fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 Dec;110(7):1731-44. Resumo

105. Coleman SR. Long-term survival of fat transplants: controlled demonstrations. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1995 Sep-Oct;19(5):421-5. Resumo

106. Bucky LP, Kanchwala SK. The role of autologous fat and alternative fillers in the aging face. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Nov;120(6 suppl):89S-97S. Resumo

107. Glasgold RA, Lam SM, Glasgold MJ. Facial fat grafting: the new paradigm. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2008 Nov-Dec;10(6):417-8. Resumo

108. Thorne CH. Facelift. In: Grabb and Smith's plastic surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:498-508.

109. Hamra ST. The deep-plane rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990 Jul;86(1):53-61. Resumo

110. Matarasso A, Hutchinson OH. Evaluating rejuvenation of the forehead and brow: an algorithm for selecting the appropriate technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Sep;106(3):687-94. Resumo

111. Shin MK, Lee JH, Lee SJ, et al. Platelet-rich plasma combined with fractional laser therapy for skin rejuvenation. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Apr;38(4):623-30. Resumo

112. Hui Q, Chang P, Guo B, et al. The clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with ultra-pulsed fractional CO2 laser therapy for facial rejuvenation. Rejuvenation Res. 2017 Feb;20(1):25-31.Texto completo  Resumo

113. Smith SR, Munavalli G, Weiss R, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of autologous fibroblast therapy for the treatment of nasolabial fold wrinkles. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Jul;38(7 Pt 2):1234-43. Resumo

114. Stirling RJ, Haslam JD. A self-reported clinical trial investigates the efficacy of 1072 nm light as an anti-ageing agent. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2007 Dec;9(4):226-30. Resumo

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