Varizes esofágicas

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de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Baveno VII - renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022 Apr;76(4):959-74.Texto completo  Resumen

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4. Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J. Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):823-32. Resumen

5. Kaplan DE, Ripoll C, Thiele M, Fortune BE, et al. AASLD practice guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2024 May 1;79(5):1180-211.Texto completo  Resumen

6. The Italian Liver Cirrhosis Project. Reliability of endoscopy in the assessment of variceal features. J Hepatol. 1987 Feb;4(1):93-8. Resumen

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9. Merli M, Nicolini G, Angeloni S, et al. Incidence and natural history of small esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol. 2003 Mar;38(3):266-72. Resumen

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18. Tapper EB, Beste L, Curry M, et al. Suboptimal implementation of evidence-based therapy for acute variceal hemorrhage: a systematic review of observational studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Sep;15(9):1373-81.e7. Resumen

19. D'Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. Pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension: an evidence-based approach. Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19(4):475-505. [Published correction appears in Semin Liver Dis. 2000;20(3):399.] Resumen

20. Pinzani M, Gentilini P. Biology of hepatic stellate cells and their possible relevance in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19(4):397-410. Resumen

21. Thalheimer U, Triantos CK, Samonakis DN, et al. Infection, coagulation, and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Gut. 2005 Apr;54(4):556-63.Texto completo  Resumen

22. Villanueva C, Albillos A, Genescà J, et al. Development of hyperdynamic circulation and response to beta-blockers in compensated cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Hepatology. 2016 Jan;63(1):197-206.Texto completo  Resumen

23. Bell BP, Manos MM, Zaman A, et al. The epidemiology of newly diagnosed chronic liver disease in gastroenterology practices in the United States: results from population-based surveillance. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Nov;103(11):2727-36. Resumen

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25. Young K, Liu B, Bhuket T, et al. Improved liver transplant waitlist mortality and lower risk of disease progression among chronic hepatitis C patients awaiting liver transplantation after the introduction of direct-acting antiviral therapies in the United States. J Viral Hepat. 2019 Mar;26(3):350-61. Resumen

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27. Reiberger T, Bucsics T, Paternostro R, et al. Small esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis - should we treat them? Curr Hepatol Rep. 2018;17(4):301-15.Texto completo  Resumen

28. Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018 Apr;67(4):1560-99.Texto completo  Resumen

29. Berzigotti A, Seijo S, Arena U, et al. Elastography, spleen size, and platelet count identify portal hypertension in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jan;144(1):102-11.e1. Resumen

30. Colecchia A, Montrone L, Scaioli E, et al. Measurement of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and the presence of esophageal varices in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2012 Sep;143(3):646-54. Resumen

31. Takuma Y, Nouso K, Morimoto Y, et al. Measurement of spleen stiffness by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging identifies cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jan;144(1):92-101.e2. Resumen

32. Ravaioli F, Montagnani M, Lisotti A, et al. Noninvasive assessment of portal hypertension in advanced chronic liver disease: an update. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2018 Jun 7;2018:4202091.Texto completo  Resumen

33. Calès P, Zabotto B, Meskens C, et al. Gastroesophageal endoscopic features in cirrhosis. Observer variability, interassociations, and relationship to hepatic dysfunction. Gastroenterology. 1990 Jan;98(1):156-62. Resumen

34. Berzigotti A, Bosch J, Boyer TD. Use of noninvasive markers of portal hypertension and timing of screening endoscopy for gastroesophageal varices in patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 2014 Feb;59(2):729-31.Texto completo  Resumen

35. Augustin S, Pons M, Maurice JB, et al. Expanding the Baveno VI criteria for the screening of varices in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 2017 Dec;66(6):1980-8.Texto completo  Resumen

36. Del Poggio P, Colombo S. Is transient elastography a useful tool for screening liver disease? World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar 28;15(12):1409-14.Texto completo  Resumen

37. de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Baveno VII - renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022 Apr;76(4):959-74.Texto completo  Resumen

38. Tripathi D, Stanley AJ, Hayes PC, et al. UK guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Gut. 2015 Nov;64(11):1680-704.Texto completo  Resumen

39. McCarty TR, Afinogenova Y, Njei B. Use of wireless capsule endoscopy for the diagnosis and grading of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb;51(2):174-82.Texto completo  Resumen

40. Colli A, Gana JC, Turner D, et al. Capsule endoscopy for the diagnosis of oesophageal varices in people with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 1;(10):CD008760.Texto completo  Resumen

41. D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol. 2006 Jan;44(1):217-31. Resumen

42. The general rules for recording endoscopic findings of esophageal varices. Jpn J Surg. 1980 Mar;10(1):84-7. Resumen

43. Reliability of endoscopy in the assessment of variceal features. The Italian Liver Cirrhosis Project. J Hepatol. 1987 Feb;4(1):93-8. Resumen

44. Jangouk P, Turco L, De Oliveira A, et al. Validating, deconstructing and refining Baveno criteria for ruling out high-risk varices in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2017 Aug;37(8):1177-83.Texto completo  Resumen

45. Coz Yataco AO, Soghier I, Hébert PC, et al. Red blood cell transfusion in critically ill adults: an American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline. Chest. 2025 Feb;167(2):477-89.Texto completo  Resumen

46. Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 3;368(1):11-21. [Erratum in: N Engl J Med. Jun 13;368(24):2341.]Texto completo  Resumen

47. Laine L, Barkun AN, Saltzman JR, et al. ACG clinical guideline: upper gastrointestinal and ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 May 1;116(5):899-917.Texto completo  Resumen

48. Abraham NS, Barkun AN, Sauer BG, et al. American College of Gastroenterology-Canadian Association of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline: management of anticoagulants and antiplatelets during acute gastrointestinal bleeding and the periendoscopic period. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Apr 1;117(4):542-58.Texto completo  Resumen

49. Fernández J, Ruiz del Arbol L, Gómez C, et al. Norfloxacin vs ceftriaxone in the prophylaxis of infections in patients with advanced cirrhosis and hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 2006 Oct;131(4):1049-56. Resumen

50. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-60.Texto completo  Resumen

51. Rusu A, Munteanu AC, Arbănași EM, et al. Overview of side-effects of antibacterial fluoroquinolones: new drugs versus old drugs, a step forward in the safety profile? Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 1;15(3):804.Texto completo  Resumen

52. Gøtzsche PC, Hróbjartsson A. Somatostatin analogues for acute bleeding oesophageal varices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;(3):CD000193.Texto completo  Resumen

53. Wells MC, Chande N, Adams P, et al. Meta-analysis: vasoactive medications for the management of acute variceal bleeds. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Jun;35(11):1267-78. Resumen

54. Hwang JH, Shergill AK, Acosta RD, et al; ASGE Standards of Practice Committee. The role of endoscopy in the management of variceal hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Aug;80(2):221-7.Texto completo  Resumen

55. Vadera S, Yong CWK, Gluud LL, et al. Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 20;(6):CD012673.Texto completo  Resumen

56. Lv Y, Yang Z, Liu L, et al. Early TIPS with covered stents versus standard treatment for acute variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Aug;4(8):587-98. Resumen

57. Lee EW, Eghtesad B, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the use of TIPS, variceal embolization, and retrograde transvenous obliteration in the management of variceal hemorrhage. Hepatology. 2024 Jan 1;79(1):224-50.Texto completo  Resumen

58. Wright G, Lewis H, Hogan B, et al. A self-expanding metal stent for complicated variceal hemorrhage: experience at a single center. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:71-8. Resumen

59. Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J. Varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis: a new view of an old problem. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Nov;13(12):2109-17. Resumen

60. Villanueva C, Torres F, Sarin SK, et al. Carvedilol reduces the risk of decompensation and mortality in patients with compensated cirrhosis in a competing-risk meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2022 Oct;77(4):1014-25. Resumen

61. Thiele M, Krag A, Rohde U, et al. Meta-analysis: banding ligation and medical interventions for the prevention of rebleeding from oesophageal varices. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 May;35(10):1155-65. Resumen

62. Hernández-Gea V, Procopet B, Giráldez Á, et al. Preemptive-TIPS improves outcome in high-risk variceal bleeding: an observational study. Hepatology. 2019 Jan;69(1):282-93.Texto completo  Resumen

63. Triantafyllou T, Aggarwal P, Gupta E, et al. Polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent graft versus bare stent in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2018 Jul;28(7):867-79. Resumen

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65. Sauerbruch T, Mengel M, Dollinger M, et al. Prevention of rebleeding from esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis receiving small-diameter stents versus hemodynamically controlled medical therapy. Gastroenterology. 2015 Sep;149(3):660-8.Texto completo  Resumen

66. Abraldes JG, Villanueva C, Aracil C, et al; BLEPS Study Group. Addition of simvastatin to standard therapy for the prevention of variceal rebleeding does not reduce rebleeding but increases survival in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2016 May;150(5):1160-70.e3. Resumen

67. Bernard B, Grangé JD, Khac EN, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Hepatology. 1999 Jun;29(6):1655-61. Resumen

68. Chavez-Tapia NC, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Tellez-Avila FI, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8;(9):CD002907.Texto completo  Resumen

69. Tripathi D, Hayes PC. The role of carvedilol in the management of portal hypertension. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Aug;22(8):905-11. Resumen

70. Henderson JM, Boyer TD, Kutner MH, et al. Distal splenorenal shunt versus transjugular intrahepatic portal systematic shunt for variceal bleeding: a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2006 May;130(6):1643-51. Resumen