Referências
Principais artigos
Biggins SW, Angeli P, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021 Aug;74(2):1014-48.Texto completo Resumo
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-60.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
1. Rimola A, Garcia-Tsao G, Navasa M, et al; International Ascites Club. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. J Hepatol. 2000 Jan;32(1):142-53.Texto completo Resumo
2. Runyon BA, Hoefs JC. Culture-negative neutrocytic ascites: a variant of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology. 1984 Nov-Dec;4(6):1209-11. Resumo
3. Terg R, Levi D, Lopez P, et al. Analysis of clinical course and prognosis of culture-positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and neutrocytic ascites area: evidence of the same disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1992 Oct;37(10):1499-504. Resumo
4. Borzio M, Salerno F, Piantoni L, et al. Bacterial infection in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a multicentre prospective study. Dig Liver Dis. 2001 Jan-Feb;33(1):41-8. Resumo
5. Dhiman RK, Makharia JK, Jain S, et al. Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in fulminant hepatic failure. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jan;95(1):233-8. Resumo
6. Blaise M, Pateron D, Trinchet JC, et al. Systemic antibiotic therapy prevents bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hepatology. 1994 Jul;20(1 Pt 1):34-8. Resumo
7. Bleichner G, Boulanger R, Squara P, et al. Frequency of infections in cirrhotic patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br J Surg. 1986 Sep;73(9):724-6. Resumo
8. Evans LT, Kim WR, Poterucha JJ, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites. Hepatology. 2003 Apr;37(4):897-901.Texto completo Resumo
9. Jeffries MA, Stern MA, Gunaratnam NT, et al. Unsuspected infection is infrequent in asymptomatic outpatients with refractory ascites undergoing therapeutic paracentesis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Oct;94(10):2972-6. Resumo
10. Arzivian A, Duong T. The incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis-related ascites undergoing elective outpatient large-volume paracentesis. Cureus. 2023 Dec 8;15(12):e50191.Texto completo Resumo
11. Cholongitas E, Papatheodoridis GV, Lahanas A, et al. Increasing frequency of Gram-positive bacteria in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Liver Int. 2005 Feb;25(1):57-61. Resumo
12. Campillo B, Richardet JP, Kheo T, et al. Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and bacteremia in cirrhotic patients: impact of isolate type on prognosis and characteristics of infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Jul 1;35(1):1-10.Texto completo Resumo
13. Tay PWL, Xiao J, Tan DJH, et al. An epidemiological meta-analysis on the worldwide prevalence, resistance, and outcomes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Aug 5;8:693652.Texto completo Resumo
14. Oliveira JC, Carrera E, Petry RC, et al. High prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: is it time to change the standard antimicrobial approach? Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;2019:6963910.Texto completo Resumo
15. Al-Ghamdi H, Al-Harbi N, Mokhtar H, et al. Changes in the patterns and microbiology of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: analysis of 200 cirrhotic patients. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2019 Apr-Jun;82(2):261-6.Texto completo Resumo
16. Parsi MA, Atreja A, Zein NN. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: recent data on incidence and treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004 Jul;71(7):569-76. Resumo
17. Alexopoulou A, Papadopoulos N, Eliopoulos DG, et al. Increasing frequency of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Liver Int. 2013 Aug;33(7):975-81. Resumo
18. Piano S, Romano A, Rosi S, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: the last therapeutic challenge. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Oct;24(10):1234-7. Resumo
19. Boixeda D, De Luis DA, Aller R, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: clinical and microbiological study of 233 episodes. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996 Dec;23(4):275-9. Resumo
20. Singh N, Wagener MM, Gayowski T. Changing epidemiology and predictors of mortality in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis at a liver transplant unit. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003 Jun;9(6):531-7.Texto completo Resumo
21. Kamani L, Mumtaz K, Ahmed US, et al. Outcomes in culture positive and culture negative ascitic fluid infections in patients with viral cirrhosis: cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2008 Dec 18;8:59. Resumo
22. Espinoza-Gómez F, Newton-Sánchez O, Melnikov V, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Listeria in a patient with cirrhosis: case report [in Spanish]. Rev Med Chil. 2006 Sep;134(9):1171-4.Texto completo Resumo
23. Musher DM, Nichol AC, Rueda AM. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Jun;44(6):2304-6.Texto completo Resumo
24. Dimopoulou A, Dimopoulou D, Christianakis E, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in a previously healthy child. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013 Jun;32(6):704. Resumo
25. Brautbar A, Esayag Y, Breuer GS, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Isr Med Assoc J. 2007 Mar;9(3):175-6. Resumo
26. Nathanson L. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Neisseria meningitides serogroup Z. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1993 Aug;32(8):510. Resumo
27. Lecliere S, Di Fiore F, Hervé S, et al. Spontaneous infection of ascitic fluid due to Salmonella typhimurium in a cirrhotic patient undergoing selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin [in French]. Presse Med. 2003 Mar 29;32(12):550-2. Resumo
28. Adhikary R, Joshi S, Venugopa RV, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by S. paratyphi A. J Assoc Physicians India. 2013 Dec;61(12):930-31. Resumo
29. Kim HM, Chon CY, Ahn SH, et al. Fatal spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by Leclercia adecarboxylata in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Pract. 2008 Aug;62(8):1296-8. Resumo
30. Dalamaga M, Karmaniolas K, Pantelaki M, et al. Spontaneous peritonitis caused by Leminorella grimontii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006 Sep;56(1):83-5. Resumo
31. Colakoglu S, Turunc T, Taskoparan M, et al. Three cases of serious infection caused by Aerococcus urinae: a patient with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and two patients with bacteremia. Infection. 2008 Jun;36(3):288-90. Resumo
32. Velayos Jiménez B, Fernández Salazar L, Aller Fuente R, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Gemella morbillorum in a patient under chronic treatment with norfloxacin [in Spanish]. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Mar;31(3):129. Resumo
33. Flores-Franco RA, Lachica-Rodriguez GN, Banuelos-Moreno L, et al. Spontaneous peritonitis attributed to actinomyces species. Ann Hepatol. 2007 Oct-Dec;6(4):276-8. Resumo
34. Gautam M, Chopra KB, Douglas DD, et al. Streptococcus salivarius bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver transplantation candidates. Liver Transpl. 2007 Nov;13(11):1582-8.Texto completo Resumo
35. Wi YM, Sohn KM, Rhee JY, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Ochrobactrum anthropi: a case report. J Korean Med Sci. 2007 Apr;22(2):377-9.Texto completo Resumo
36. Farmer AD, Bruckner Holt CE, Le Roux G, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. J Infect. 2007 May;54(5):516. Resumo
37. Singh DK, Tyagi I, Saran RK, et al. Fatal spontaneous Cryptococcal peritonitis in a woman with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Acta Cytol. 2010 Sep-Oct;54(5 Suppl):1087-9. Resumo
38. Bal CK, Bhatia V, Khillan V, et al. Spontaneous cryptococcal peritonitis with fungemia in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: Report of two cases. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014 Aug;18(8):536-9.Texto completo Resumo
39. Alavi K, Atla PR, Haq T, et al. Coccidioidomycosis masquerading as eosinophilic ascites. Case Rep Gastrointest Med. 2015;2015:891910.Texto completo Resumo
40. Hwang SY, Yu SJ, Lee JH, et al. Spontaneous fungal peritonitis: a severe complication in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;33(2):259-64. Resumo
41. Ferreira AO, Martins LN, Marinho RT, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by Brucella in a cirrhotic patient. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013:bcr2013008629.Texto completo Resumo
42. Sim JS, Kim HS, Oh KJ, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with sepsis caused by Enterococcus hirae. J Korean Med Sci. 2012 Dec;27(12):1598-600.Texto completo Resumo
43. Narciso-Schiavon JL, Borgonovo A, Marques PC, et al. Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum as causative agents of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Ann Hepatol. 2015 Mar-Apr;14(2):270-2Texto completo Resumo
44. Dlamini NR, Bhamjee A, Levick P, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and pneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2012 Jul 23;6(7):588-91.Texto completo Resumo
45. Patel S, Gandhi D, Mehta V, et al. Plesiomonas shigelloides : an extremely rare cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2016 Mar;79(1):52-3. Resumo
46. Kaur J, Singh J, Cheema YS. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a rare manifestation of expanded dengue syndrome. Turk J Emerg Med. 2023 Jul-Sep;23(3):188-90.Texto completo Resumo
47. An L, Chan JL, Nguyen M, et al. Case report: disseminated Edwardsiella tarda infection in an immunocompromised patient. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Nov 20;13:1292768.Texto completo Resumo
48. Chinnock B, Fox C, Hendey GW. Gram's stain of peritoneal fluid is rarely helpful in the evaluation of the ascites patient. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Jul;54(1):78-82. Resumo
49. Bert F, Valla D, Moreau R, et al. Viridans group streptococci causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and bacteremia in patients with end-stage liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2008 May;14(5):710-1.Texto completo Resumo
50. Ricart E, Soriano G, Novella MT, et al. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid versus cefotaxime in the therapy of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol. 2000 Apr;32(4):596-602. Resumo
51. Strauss E, Caly WR. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a therapeutic update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2006 Apr;4(2):249-60. Resumo
52. Fernandez J, Navasa M, Gomez J, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 2002 Jan;35(1):140-8. Resumo
53. Navasa M, Rimola A, Rodés J. Bacterial infections in liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 1997;17(4):323-33. Resumo
54. Simberkoff MS, Moldover NH, Weiss G. Bactericidal and opsonic activity of cirrhotic ascites and nonascitic peritoneal fluid. J Lab Clin Med. 1978 May;91(5):831-9. Resumo
55. Terg R, Fassio E, Guevara M, et al. Ciprofloxacin in primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Hepatol. 2008 May;48(5):774-9. Resumo
56. Bruns T, Lutz P, Stallmach A, et al. Low ascitic fluid protein does not indicate an increased risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in current cohorts. J Hepatol. 2015 Aug;63(2):527-8.Texto completo Resumo
57. Mo S, Bendtsen F, Wiese SS, et al. Low ascitic fluid total protein levels is not associated to the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a cohort of 274 patients with cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2018 Feb;53(2):200-5.Texto completo Resumo
58. Yildirim B, Sezgin N, Sari R, et al. Complement and immunoglobulin levels in serum and ascitic fluid of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, malignant ascites, and tuberculous peritonitis. South Med J. 2002 Oct;95(10):1158-62. Resumo
59. Trikudanathan G, Israel J, Cappa J, et al. Association between proton-pump inhibitors and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract. 2011 Jun;65(6):674-8. Resumo
60. Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Al Alawi Z, et al. Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Pathog. 2021 Mar 19;13(1):17.Texto completo Resumo
61. Biggins SW, Angeli P, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021 Aug;74(2):1014-48.Texto completo Resumo
62. Cohen MJ, Sahar T, Benenson S, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites, without gastro-intestinal bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD004791.Texto completo Resumo
63. Segarra-Newnham M, Henneman A. Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients without gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Pharmacother. 2010 Dec;44(12):1946-54. Resumo
64. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-60.Texto completo Resumo
65. Saab S, Hernandez JC, Chi AC, et al. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis reduces spontaneous bacterial peritonitis occurrence and improves short-term survival in cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Apr;104(4):993-1001. Resumo
66. Loomba R, Wesley R, Bain A, et al. Role of fluoroquinolones in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Apr;7(4):487-93. Resumo
67. Moreau R, Elkrief L, Bureau C, et al. Effects of long-term norfloxacin therapy in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Dec;155(6):1816-27.Texto completo Resumo
68. Goel A, Rahim U, Nguyen LH, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: rifaximin for the prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Dec;46(11-12):1029-36.Texto completo Resumo
69. Sidhu GS, Go A, Attar BM, et al. Rifaximin versus norfloxacin for prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a systematic review. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2017;4(1):e000154.Texto completo Resumo
70. Facciorusso A, Papagiouvanni I, Cela M, et al. Comparative efficacy of long-term antibiotic treatments in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Liver Int. 2019 Aug;39(8):1448-58.Texto completo Resumo
71. Wang W, Yang J, Liu C, et al. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and rifaximin for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a network meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Aug;31(8):905-10. Resumo
72. Song S, Yang Y, Geng C, et al. Norfloxacin versus alternative antibiotics for prophylaxis of spontaneous bacteria peritonitis in cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 28;23(1):557.Texto completo Resumo
73. Senzolo M, Cholongitas E, Burra P, et al. Beta-blockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta-analysis. Liver Int. 2009 Sep;29(8):1189-93. Resumo
74. Villanueva C, Albillos A, Genescà J, et al. β blockers to prevent decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (PREDESCI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2019 Apr 20;393(10181):1597-608.Texto completo Resumo
75. Mandorfer M, Bota S, Schwabl P, et al. Nonselective beta blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jun;146(7):1680-90.e1.Texto completo Resumo
76. Bang UC, Benfield T, Hyldstrup L, et al. Effect of propranolol on survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a nationwide study based Danish patient registers. Liver Int. 2016 Sep;36(9):1304-12. Resumo
77. Tergast TL, Kimmann M, Laser H, et al. Systemic arterial blood pressure determines the therapeutic window of non-selective beta blockers in decompensated cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Sep;50(6):696-706.Texto completo Resumo
78. Makharia GK, Sharma BC, Bhasin DK, et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a patient with gastric carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1998 Oct;27(3):269-70. Resumo
79. Long B, Gottlieb M. Emergency medicine updates: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Am J Emerg Med. 2023 Aug;70:84-9.Texto completo Resumo
80. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010 Sep;53(3):397-417.Texto completo
81. Chinnock B, Afarian H, Minnigan H, et al. Physician clinical impression does not rule out spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients undergoing emergency department paracentesis. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Sep;52(3):268-73. Resumo
82. Chinnock B, Hendey GW, Minnigan H, et al. Clinical impression and ascites appearance do not rule out bacterial peritonitis. J Emerg Med. 2013 May;44(5):903-9. Resumo
83. McGibbon A, Chen GI, Peltekian KM, et al. An evidence-based manual for abdominal paracentesis. Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Dec;52(12):3307-15. Resumo
84. Nazeer SF, Dewbre H, Miller AH. Ultrasound-assisted paracentesis performed by emergency physicians versus the traditional technique: a prospective, randomized study. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 May;23(3):363-7. Resumo
85. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104.Texto completo Resumo
86. Biggins SW, Angeli P, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021;74(2):1014-48.Texto completo Resumo
87. Bernardi M, Carceni P, Navickis RJ, et al. Albumin infusion in patients undergoing large-volume paracentesis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Hepatology. 2012 Apr;55(4):1172-81.Texto completo Resumo
88. Aithal GP, Palaniyappan N, China L, et al. Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut. 2021 Jan;70(1):9-29.Texto completo Resumo
89. Rimola A, Garcia-Tsao G, Navasa M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. International Ascites Club. J Hepatol. 2000;32(1):142-53. Resumo
90. Rosenblatt R, Tafesh Z, Shen N, et al. Early Paracentesis in high-risk hospitalized patients: time for a new quality indicator. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Dec;114(12):1863-9.Texto completo Resumo
91. Angeloni S, Nicolini G, Merli M, et al. Validation of automated blood cell counter for the determination of polymorphonuclear cell count in the ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients with or without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Aug;98(8):1844-8. Resumo
92. Riggio O, Angeloni S, Parente A, et al. Accuracy of the automated cell counters for management of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Oct 7;14(37):5689-94.Texto completo Resumo
93. Cereto F, Genesca J, Segura R. Validation of automated blood cell counters for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jul;99(7):1400. Resumo
94. Runyon BA, Canawati HN, Akriviadis EA. Optimization of ascitic fluid culture technique. Gastroenterology. 1988 Nov;95(5):1351-5.Texto completo Resumo
95. Chinnock B, Hendey GW. Can clear ascitic fluid appearance rule out spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? Am J Emerg Med. 2007 Oct;25(8):934-7. Resumo
96. Neungton N, Kachintorn U, Chinapak O, et al. Significance of ascitic fluid white blood cells, pH, lactate, and other chemistry in immediate diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Med Assoc Thai. 1994 May;77(5):266-70. Resumo
97. Wu SS, Lin OS, Chin YY, et al. Ascitic fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and alkaline phosphatase levels for the differentiation of primary from secondary bacterial peritonitis with intestinal perforation. J Hepatol. 2001 Feb;34(2):215-21. Resumo
98. Lee SS, Min HJ, Choi JY, et al. Usefulness of ascitic fluid lactoferrin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct 13;16(1):132.Texto completo Resumo
99. Thévenot T, Briot C, Macé V, et al; CFEHTP, ANGH and the PerDRISLA Study Group. The Periscreen strip is highly efficient for the exclusion of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic outpatients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;111(10):1402-9. Resumo
100. Chinnock B, Woolard RE, Hendey GW, et al. Sensitivity of a bedside reagent strip for the detection of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in ED patients with ascites. Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Dec;37(12):2155-8.Texto completo Resumo
101. Koulaouzidis A, Leontiadis GI, Abdullah M, et al. Leukocyte esterase reagent strips for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Nov;20(11):1055-60. Resumo
102. Ross JT, Matthay MA, Harris HW. Secondary peritonitis: principles of diagnosis and intervention. BMJ. 2018 Jun 18;361:k1407.Texto completo Resumo
103. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute nonlocalized abdominal pain. 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo
104. Kim JH, Jun BG, Lee M, et al. Reappraisal of sepsis-3 and CLIF-SOFA as predictors of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and infection presenting to the emergency department: a multicenter study. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022 Jul;28(3):540-52.Texto completo Resumo
105. Moreau R, Jalan R, Gines P, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jun;144(7):1426-37.Texto completo Resumo
106. Koulaouzidis A, Bhat S, Saeed AA. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar 7;15(9):1042-9.Texto completo Resumo
107. Lin CH, Shih FY, Ma MH, et al. Should bleeding tendency deter abdominal paracentesis? Dig Liver Dis. 2005 Dec;37(12):946-51. Resumo
108. Runyon BA, Hoefs JC. Ascitic fluid analysis in the differentiation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from gastrointestinal tract perforation into ascitic fluid. Hepatology. 1984 May-Jun;4(3):447-50. Resumo
109. Gitlin N, Stauffer JL, Silvestri RC. The pH of ascitic fluid in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1982 Jul-Aug;2(4):408-11. Resumo
110. Parsi MA, Saadeh SN, Zein NN, et al. Ascitic fluid lactoferrin for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology. 2008 Sep;135(3):803-7. Resumo
111. Runyon BA, Hoefs JC. Spontaneous versus secondary bacterial peritonitis: differentiation by response of ascitic fluid neutrophil count to antimicrobial therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1986 Aug;146(8):1563-5. Resumo
112. Uygur-Bayramicli O, Dabak G, Dabak R. A clinical dilemma: abdominal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2003 May;9(5):1098-101.Texto completo Resumo
113. Riquelme A, Calvo M, Salech F, et al. Value of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in ascitic fluid for the diagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis: a meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006 Sep;40(8):705-10. Resumo
114. Runyon BA. Amylase levels in ascitic fluid. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1987 Apr;9(2):172-4. Resumo
115. Bracher GA, Manocha AP, DeBanto JR, et al. Endoscopic pancreatic duct stenting to treat pancreatic ascites. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999 Jun;49(6):710-15. Resumo
116. Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021 Nov;47(11):1181-247.Texto completo Resumo
117. Garcia-Tsao G, Lim JK, Members of Veterans Affairs Hepatitis C Resource Center Program. Management and treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: recommendations from the Department of Veterans Affairs Hepatitis C Resource Center Program and the National Hepatitis C Program. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul;104(7):1802-29. Resumo
118. Felisart J, Rimola A, Arroyo V, et al. Cefotaxime is more effective than is ampicillin-tobramycin in cirrhotics with severe infections. Hepatology. 1985 May-Jun;5(3):457-62. Resumo
119. Rimola A, Salmeron JM, Clemente G. Two different dosages of cefotaxime in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: results of a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Hepatology. 1995 Mar;21(3):674-9. Resumo
120. Gomez-Jimenez J, Ribera E, Gasser I, et al. Randomized trial comparing ceftriaxone with cefonicid for treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993;37:1587-92.Texto completo Resumo
121. Rusu A, Munteanu AC, Arbănași EM, et al. Overview of side-effects of antibacterial fluoroquinolones: new drugs versus old drugs, a step forward in the safety profile? Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 1;15(3):804.Texto completo Resumo
122. Yim HJ, Kim TH, Suh SJ, et al. Response-guided therapy with cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ciprofloxacin for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a randomized trial: a validation study of 2021 AASLD practice guidance for SBP. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Apr 1;118(4):654-63. Resumo
123. Mohammed Abdul MK, Osman KT, Cappuccio JM, et al. Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is associated with high mortality - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Dec;17(12):1333-9. Resumo
124. Zhang X, Li XX, Song JW, et al. Clinical features, microbial spectrum, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2023 Nov;55(11):1554-61.Texto completo Resumo
125. Piano S, Fasolato S, Salinas F, et al. The empirical antibiotic treatment of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Hepatology. 2016 Apr;63(4):1299-309. Resumo
126. Jindal A, Kumar M, Bhadoria AS, et al. A randomized open label study of 'imipenem vs. cefepime' in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Liver Int. 2016 May;36(5):677-87. Resumo
127. ELshamy RM, Oda MS, Saeed MA, et al. A comparative study on nosocomial and community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis at a university hospital. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jun 1;34(6):655-63. Resumo
128. Angeli P, Guarda S, Fasolato S, et al. Switch therapy with ciprofloxacin vs. intravenous ceftazidime in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis: similar efficacy at lower cost. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jan 1;23(1):75-84.Texto completo Resumo
129. Terg R, Cobas S, Fassio E, et al. Oral ciprofloxacin after a short course of intravenous ciprofloxacin in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: results of a multicenter, randomized study. J Hepatol. 2000;33:564-9. Resumo
130. Bajaj JS, Kamath PS, Reddy KR. The evolving challenge of infections in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 17;384(24):2317-30.
131. Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Rich NE, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the use of vasoactive drugs and intravenous albumin in cirrhosis: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2024 Jan;166(1):202-10.Texto completo Resumo
132. Sort P, Navasa M, Arroyo V, et al. Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:403-9.Texto completo Resumo
133. Chitsaz E, Nunes D. Risks and benefits of large volume paracentesis in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with tense ascites: where is the clinical evidence? 2049. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 1;109:S672.Texto completo
134. Choi CH, Han KH, Kim do Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of large volume paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a randomized, prospective study [in Korean]. Taehan Kan Hakhoe Chi. 2002 Mar;8(1):52-60. Resumo
135. Choi CH, Ahn SH, Kim DY, et al. Long-term clinical outcome of large volume paracentesis with intravenous albumin in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a randomized prospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Aug;20(8):1215-22. Resumo
136. Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: treatment and prophylaxis. J Hepatol. 2005;42(suppl 1):S85-92. Resumo
137. Van Hise N, Petrak RM, Skorodin NC, et al. A real-world assessment of clinical outcomes and safety of eravacycline: a novel fluorocycline. Infect Dis Ther. 2020 Dec;9(4):1017-28.Texto completo Resumo
138. Prakash V, Arora V, Jindal A, et al. Combination of GM CSF and carbapenem is superior to carbapenem monotherapy in difficult-to-treat spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a randomized controlled trial. Liver Int. 2023 Jun;43(6):1298-306. Resumo
139. Tito L, Rimola A, Gines P, et al. Recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: frequency and predictive factors. Hepatology. 1988 Jan-Feb;8(1):27-31. Resumo
140. Chen TA, Lo GH, Lai KH, et al. Single daily amikacin versus cefotaxime in the short-course treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotics. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Nov 21;11(43):6823-7.Texto completo Resumo
141. Navasa M, Follo A, Llovet JM, et al. Randomized, comparative study of oral ofloxacin versus intravenous cefotaxime in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology. 1996 Oct;111(4):1011-7. Resumo
142. Runyon BA, McHutchinson JG, Antillon MR, et al. Short-course versus long-course antibiotic treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a randomized controlled study of 100 patients. Gastroenterology. 1991 Jun;100(6):1737-42. Resumo
143. Melcarne L, Sopeña J, Martínez-Cerezo FJ, et al. Prognostic factors of liver cirrhosis mortality after a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A multicenter study. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2018 Feb;110(2):94-101. Resumo
144. Tandon P, Garcia-Tsao G. Renal dysfunction is the most important independent predictor of mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Mar;9(3):260-5. Resumo
145. Dawit L, Lee V, Lehoang D, et al. Clinical significance of ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear leukocyte percentage in patients with cirrhosis without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2023 Sep 1;14(9):e00614.Texto completo Resumo
146. Follo A, Llovet JM, Navasa M, et al. Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis. Hepatology. 1994 Dec;20(6):1495-1501. Resumo
147. Perdomo Coral G, Alves de Mattos A. Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: incidence and prognosis. Can J Gastroenterol. 2003 Mar;17(3):187-90.Texto completo Resumo
148. Wong F, Bernardi M, Balk R, et al. Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut. 2005 May;54(5):718-25.Texto completo Resumo
149. Qureshi WA, Harshfield D, Shah H, et al. An unusual complication of paracentesis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992 Sep;87(9):1209-11. Resumo
150. Aagaard J, Jensen LI, Sorensen TI, et al. Recanalized umbilical vein in portal hypertension. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1982 Dec;139(6):1107-10. Resumo
151. Arnold C, Haag K, Blum HE, et al. Acute hemoperitoneum after large-volume paracentesis. Gastroenterology. 1997 Sep;113(3):978-82. Resumo
152. Pache I, Bilodeau M. Severe hemorrhage following abdominal paracentesis for ascites in patients with liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:525-9.Texto completo Resumo
153. McVay PA, Toy PT. Lack of increased bleeding after paracentesis and thoracentesis in patients with mild coagulation abnormalities. Transfusion. 1991;31:164-171. Resumo
154. De Gottardi A, Thévenot T, Spahr, et al. Risk of complications after abdominal paracentesis in cirrhotic patients: a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Aug;7(8):906-9. Resumo
155. Mallory A, Schaefer JW. Complications of diagnostic paracentesis in patients with liver disease. JAMA. 1978 Feb 13;239(7):628-30. Resumo
156. Moore KP, Wong F, Gines P, et al. The management of ascites in cirrhosis: report on the consensus conference of the International Ascites Club. Hepatology. 2003 Jul;38(1):258-66. Resumo
157. Hale BR Jr, Girzadas DV Jr. Application of 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate controls persistent ascites fluid leak. J Emerg Med. 2001 Jan;20(1):85-6. Resumo
158. Chavez-Tapia NC, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Tellez-Avila FI, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(9):CD002907.Texto completo Resumo
159. Komolafe O, Roberts D, Freeman SC, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with liver cirrhosis: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 16;1:CD013125.Texto completo Resumo
O uso deste conteúdo está sujeito ao nosso aviso legal