Asma em crianças

Referências

Principais artigos

Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2022 update). 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Aug 2007 [internet publication].Texto completo

British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma. A national clinical guideline. Jul 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. Mar 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

Expert Panel Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) administered and coordinated National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee (NAEPPCC), Cloutier MM, Baptist AP, et al. 2020 focused updates to the asthma management guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Dec;146(6):1217-70.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

1. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2022 update). 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

2. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Aug 2007 [internet publication].Texto completo

3. Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, et al. ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006 Aug 26;368(9537):733-43. Resumo

4. Downs SH, Marks GB, Sporik R, et al. Continued increase in the prevalence of asthma and atopy. Arch Dis Child. 2001 Jan;84(1):20-23.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Anderson HR, Gupta R, Strachan DP, et al. 50 years of asthma: UK trends from 1955 to 2004. Thorax. 2007 Jan;62(1):85-90. Resumo

6. Asher MI. Recent perspectives on global epidemiology of asthma in childhood. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2010 Apr;38(2):83-7. Resumo

7. Guo X, Li Z, Ling W, et al. Epidemiology of childhood asthma in mainland China (1988-2014): a meta-analysis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2018 May 1;39(3):15-29.Texto completo  Resumo

8. Toelle BG, Xuan W, Peat JK, et al. Childhood factors that predict asthma in young adulthood. Eur Respir J. 2004 Jan;23(1):66-70.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Aberg N, Engstrom I. Natural history of allergic diseases in children. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1990 Feb;79(2):206-11. Resumo

10. Almqvist C, Worm M, Leynaert B; working group of GA2LEN WP 2.5 Gender. Impact of gender on asthma in childhood and adolescence: a GA2LEN review. Allergy. 2008 Jan;63(1):47-57. Resumo

11. Moorman JE, Rudd RA, Johnson CA, et al. National surveillance for asthma - United States, 1980-2004. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2007 Oct 19;56(8):1-54.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Brim SN, Rudd RA, Funk RH, et al. Asthma prevalence among US children in underrepresented minority populations: American Indian/Alaska Native, Chinese, Filipino, and Asian Indian. Pediatrics. 2008 Jul;122(1):e217-22. Resumo

13. Wu AC, Tantisira K, Li L, et al; Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. Predictors of symptoms are different from predictors of severe exacerbations from asthma in children. Chest. 2011 Jul;140(1):100-7.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Reddel HK, Taylor DR, Bateman ED, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Jul 1;180(1):59-99.Texto completo  Resumo

15. O'Byrne PM, Pedersen S, Lamm CJ, et al. Severe exacerbations and decline in lung function in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Jan 1;179(1):19-24.Texto completo  Resumo

16. Nair P. Early interventions with inhaled corticosteroids in asthma: benefits and risks. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2011 Jan;17(1):12-5. Resumo

17. Koppelman GH, Los H, Postma DS. Genetic and environment in asthma: the answer of twin studies. Eur Respir J. 1999 Jan;13(1):2-4.Texto completo  Resumo

18. Kneyber MC, Steyerberg EW, de Groot R, et al. Long-term effects of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infants and young children: a quantitative review. Acta Paediatr. 2000 Jun;89(6):654-60. Resumo

19. Jartti T, Gern GE. Rhinovirus-associated wheeze during infancy and asthma development. Curr Respir Med Rev. 2011 Jun 1;7(3):160-6. Resumo

20. Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, et al; The Group Health Medical Associates. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. N Engl J Med. 1995 Jan 19;332(3):133-8.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Sears MR, Greene JM, Willan AR, et al. A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 9;349(15):1414-22.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Thacher JD, Gehring U, Gruzieva O, et al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and early childhood and development of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis - a MeDALL project. Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Apr 12;126(4):047005.Texto completo  Resumo

23. Feng H, Xun P, Pike K, et al. In utero exposure to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of childhood asthma, wheeze, and respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis of birth cohort studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 May;139(5):1508-17. Resumo

24. van de Loo KF, van Gelder MM, Roukema J, et al. Prenatal maternal psychological stress and childhood asthma and wheezing: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2016 Jan;47(1):133-46.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Hehua Z, Qing C, Shanyan G, et al. The impact of prenatal exposure to air pollution on childhood wheezing and asthma: A systematic review. Environ Res. 2017 Nov;159:519-30. Resumo

26. McKenzie C, Tan J, Macia L, et al. The nutrition-gut microbiome-physiology axis and allergic diseases. Immunol Rev. 2017 Jul;278(1):277-95.Texto completo  Resumo

27. Payne DN, Rogers AV, Adelroth E, et al. Early thickening of the reticular basement membrane in children with difficult asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Jan 1;167(1):78-82.Texto completo  Resumo

28. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Food allergy in under 19s: assessment and diagnosis. Feb 2011 [internet publication].Texto completo

29. Lowe AJ, Carlin JB, Bennett CM, et al. Do boys do the atopic march while girls dawdle? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 May;121(5):1190-5. Resumo

30. Illi S, von Mutius E, Lau S, et al. Perennial allergen sensitisation early in life and chronic asthma in children: a birth cohort study. Lancet. 2006 Aug 26;368(9537):763-70. Resumo

31. Oswald H, Phelan PD, Lanigan A, et al. Childhood asthma and lung function in mid-adult life. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1997 Jan;23(1):14-20. Resumo

32. Peat JK, Tovey E, Gray EJ, et al. Asthma severity and morbidity in a population sample of Sydney schoolchildren: part II importance of house dust mite allergens. Aust N Z J Med. 1994 Jun;24(3):270-6. Resumo

33. von Mutius E, Nicolai T. Familial aggregation of asthma in a South Bavarian population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Apr;153(4 Pt 1):1266-72. Resumo

34. Wold LE, Tarran R, Crotty Alexander LE, et al. Cardiopulmonary consequences of vaping in adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Res. 2022 Jul 22;131(3):e70-e82.Texto completo  Resumo

35. Di Cicco M, Sepich M, Beni A, et al. How E-cigarettes and vaping can affect asthma in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Apr 1;22(2):86-94. Resumo

36. Achakulwisut P, Brauer M, Hystad P, et al. Global, national, and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO2 pollution: estimates from global datasets. Lancet Planet Health. 2019 Apr;3(4):e166-78.Texto completo  Resumo

37. Garcia E, Berhane KT, Islam T, et al. Association of changes in air quality with incident asthma in children in California, 1993-2014. JAMA. 2019 May 21;321(19):1906-15.Texto completo  Resumo

38. Renzetti G, Silvestre G, D'Amario C, et al. Less air pollution leads to rapid reduction of airway inflammation and improved airway function in asthmatic children. Pediatrics. 2009 Mar;123(3):1051-8. Resumo

39. Burns J, Boogaard H, Polus S, et al. Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 May 20;(5):CD010919.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Papoutsakis C, Priftis KN, Drakouli M, et al. Childhood overweight/obesity and asthma: is there a link? A systematic review of recent epidemiologic evidence. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Jan;113(1):77-105. Resumo

41. Moreira A, Bonini M, Garcia-Larsen V, et al. Weight loss interventions in asthma: EAACI evidence-based clinical practice guideline (part I). Allergy. 2013 Apr;68(4):425-39. Resumo

42. Azizpour Y, Delpisheh A, Montazeri Z, et al. Effect of childhood BMI on asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. BMC Pediatr. 2018 Apr 26;18(1):143.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Shore SA. Obesity and asthma: possible mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 May;121(5):1087-93; quiz 1094-5.Texto completo  Resumo

44. King GG, Brown NJ, Diba C, et al. The effects of body weight on airway calibre. Eur Respir J. 2005 May;25(5):896-901.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Lai T, Wu M, Liu J, et al. Acid-suppressive drug use during pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2018 Feb;141(2):e20170889.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Paoletti G, Melone G, Ferri S, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: when, how, and why. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Feb 1;21(1):52-8. Resumo

47. Cantarutti A, Barbiellini Amidei C, Valsecchi C, et al. Association of treated and untreated gastroesophageal reflux disease in the first year of life with the subsequent development of asthma. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 13;18(18):9633.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Rogers L. Role of sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux in severe asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016 Aug;36(3):461-71. Resumo

49. Kopsaftis Z, Yap HS, Tin KS, et al. Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in adults and children with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 17;(5):CD001496.Texto completo  Resumo

50. Wang R, Mihaicuta S, Tiotiu A, et al. Asthma and obstructive sleep apnoea in adults and children - an up-to-date review. Sleep Med Rev. 2022 Feb;61:101564. Resumo

51. Prasad B, Nyenhuis SM, Imayama I, et al. Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea overlap: what has the evidence taught us? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Jun 1;201(11):1345-57.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Arshad SH, Bateman B, Sadeghnejad A, et al. Prevention of allergic disease during childhood by allergen avoidance: the Isle of Wight prevention study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Feb;119(2):307-13. Resumo

53. Chan-Yeung M, Ferguson A, Watson W, et al. The Canadian Childhood Asthma Primary Prevention Study: outcomes at 7 years of age. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Jul;116(1):49-55. Resumo

54. Marks G, Toelle B, Ng K, et al. Eight year outcomes of HDM avoidance and diet fatty acid interventions in a high risk birth cohort: the childhood asthma prevention study. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress, Berlin, 2008: 2083.

55. Marks GB, Mihrshahi S, Kemp AS, et al. Prevention of asthma during the first 5 years of life: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Jul;118(1):53-61. Resumo

56. Kramer MS, Matush L, Vanilovich I, et al. Effect of prolonged and exclusive breast feeding on risk of allergy and asthma: cluster randomised trial. BMJ. 2007 Oct 20;335(7624):815.Texto completo  Resumo

57. D'Vaz N, Meldrum SJ, Dunstan JA, et al. Postnatal fish oil supplementation in high-risk infants to prevent allergy: randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2012 Oct;130(4):674-82. Resumo

58. Azad MB, Coneys JG, Kozyrskyj AL, et al. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of asthma and wheeze: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013 Dec 4;347:f6471.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Elazab N, Mendy A, Gasana J, et al. Probiotic administration in early life, atopy, and asthma: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pediatrics. 2013 Sep;132(3):e666-76. Resumo

60. British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma. A national clinical guideline. Jul 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

61. Osborn DA, Sinn JK, Jones LJ. Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 19;(10):CD003664.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Papamichael MM, Itsiopoulos C, Susanto NH, et al. Does adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern reduce asthma symptoms in children? A systematic review of observational studies. Public Health Nutr. 2017 Oct;20(15):2722-34.Texto completo  Resumo

63. Papamichael MM, Shrestha SK, Itsiopoulos C, et al. The role of fish intake on asthma in children: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018 Jun;29(4):350-60. Resumo

64. Nurmatov U, Devereux G, Sheikh A. Nutrients and foods for the primary prevention of asthma and allergy: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Mar;127(3):724-33.e1-30. Resumo

65. Brustad N, Eliasen AU, Stokholm J, et al. High-dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and asthma in offspring at the age of 6 years. JAMA. 2019 Mar 12;321(10):1003-5.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Fiocchi A, Pawankar R, et al. World Allergy Organization-McMaster University Guidelines for Allergic Disease Prevention (GLAD-P): Vitamin D. World Allergy Organ J. 2016 May 17;9:17.Texto completo  Resumo

67. Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW. Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics. 2008 Jan;121(1):183-91.Texto completo  Resumo

68. Muche-Borowski C, Kopp M, Reese I, et al. Allergy prevention. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009 Sep;106(39):625-31.Texto completo  Resumo

69. Maas T, Kaper J, Sheikh A, et al. Mono and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):CD006480. Resumo

70. Gehring U, De Jongste JC, Kerkhof M, et al. The 8-year follow-up of the PIAMA intervention study assessing the effect of mite-impermeable mattress covers. Allergy. 2012 Feb;67(2):248-56. Resumo

71. Schindler T, Sinn JK, Osborn DA. Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Oct 28;10:CD010112.Texto completo  Resumo

72. Klemens CM, Berman DR, Mozurkewich EL. The effect of perinatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory markers and allergic diseases: a systematic review. BJOG. 2011 Jul;118(8):916-25. Resumo

73. Arnoldussen DL, Linehan M, Sheikh A. BCG vaccination and allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jan;127(1):246-53. Resumo

74. Murray CS, Woodcock A, Langley SJ, et al. Secondary prevention of asthma by the use of Inhaled Fluticasone propionate in Wheezy INfants (IFWIN): double-blind, randomised, controlled study. Lancet. 2006 Aug 26;368(9537):754-62. Resumo

75. Guilbert TW, Morgan WJ, Zeiger RS, et al. Long-term inhaled corticosteroids in preschool children at high risk for asthma. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 11;354(19):1985-97.Texto completo  Resumo

76. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. Mar 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

77. Castro-Rodríguez JA, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, et al. A clinical index to define risk of asthma in young children with recurrent wheezing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Oct;162(4 Pt 1):1403-6.Texto completo  Resumo

78. Guilbert TW, Morgan WJ, Zeiger RS, et al. Atopic characteristics of children with recurrent wheezing at high risk for the development of childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Dec;114(6):1282-7. Resumo

79. Chang TS, Lemanske RF Jr, Guilbert TW, et al. Evaluation of the modified asthma predictive index in high-risk preschool children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2013 Mar;1(2):152-6.Texto completo  Resumo

80. Cane RS, Ranganathan SC, McKenzie SA. What do parents of wheezy children understand by "wheeze"? Arch Dis Child. 2000 Apr;82(4):327-32.Texto completo  Resumo

81. Gaillard EA, Kuehni CE, Turner S, et al. European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children aged 5-16 years. Eur Respir J. 2021 Oct;58(5):2004173.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. 2012 Dec;40(6):1324-43.Texto completo  Resumo

83. Stanojevic S, Wade A, Stocks J, et al. Reference ranges for spirometry across all ages: a new approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Feb 1;177(3):253-60.Texto completo  Resumo

84. Kessler KR. Relationship between the use of asthma action plans and asthma exacerbations in children with asthma: a systematic review. J Asthma Allergy Educators. 2011 Dec 3;2(1):11-21.

85. British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma. July 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

86. Zimmerman B, Silverman FS, Tarlo SM, et al. Induced sputum: comparison of postinfectious cough with allergic asthma in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Mar;105(3):495-9. Resumo

87. Lex C, Ferreira F, Zacharasiewicz A, et al. Airway eosinophilia in children with severe asthma: predictive values of noninvasive tests. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Dec 15;174(12):1286-91. Resumo

88. Chang AB, Clark R, Sloots TP, et al. A 5- versus 3-day course of oral corticosteroids for children with asthma exacerbations who are not hospitalised: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 1996 Jun;23(3):199-203. Resumo

89. Aljebab F, Choonara I, Conroy S. Systematic review of the toxicity of short-course oral corticosteroids in children. Arch Dis Child. 2016 Apr;101(4):365-70. Resumo

90. Chang AB, Glomb WB. Guidelines for evaluating chronic cough in pediatrics: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1 Suppl):260S-283S.Texto completo  Resumo

91. Dweik RA, Boggs PB, Erzurum SC, et al. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Sep 1;184(5):602-15.Texto completo  Resumo

92. Singer F, Luchsinger I, Inci D, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide in symptomatic children at preschool age predicts later asthma. Allergy. 2013 Apr;68(4):531-8. Resumo

93. Caudri D, Wijga AH, Hoekstra MO, et al. Prediction of asthma in symptomatic preschool children using exhaled nitric oxide, Rint and specific IgE. Thorax. 2010 Sep;65(9):801-7.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Lougheed MD, Lemiere C, Ducharme FM, et al. Canadian Thoracic Society 2012 guideline update: diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers, children and adults. Can Respir J. 2012 Mar-Apr;19(2):127-64. Erratum in: Can Respir J. 2013 May-Jun;20(3):185.Texto completo  Resumo

95. Expert Panel Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) administered and coordinated National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee (NAEPPCC), Cloutier MM, Baptist AP, et al. 2020 focused updates to the asthma management guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Dec;146(6):1217-70.Texto completo  Resumo

96. Scott M, Raza A, Karmaus W, et al. Influence of atopy and asthma on exhaled nitric oxide in an unselected birth cohort study. Thorax. 2010 Mar;65(3):258-62.Texto completo  Resumo

97. Jackson DJ, Virnig CM, Gangnon RE, et al. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements are most closely associated with allergic sensitization in school-age children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Nov;124(5):949-53.Texto completo  Resumo

98. Petsky HL, Cates CJ, Lasserson TJ, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis: tailoring asthma treatment on eosinophilic markers (exhaled nitric oxide or sputum eosinophils). Thorax. 2012 Mar;67(3):199-208. Resumo

99. Gomersal T, Harnan S, Essat M, et al. A systematic review of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in the routine management of childhood asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016 Mar;51(3):316-28. Resumo

100. Fielding S, Pijnenburg M, de Jongste JC, et al. Change in FEV1 and Feno measurements as predictors of future asthma outcomes in children. Chest. 2019 Feb;155(2):331-41.Texto completo  Resumo

101. Nuijsink MH. Long-term asthma treatment guided by airway hyperresponsiveness in children: A randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J. 2007 Sep;30(3):457-66. Resumo

102. Fielding S, Pijnenburg M, de Jongste J, et al. What is a clinically meaningful change in exhaled nitric oxide for children with asthma? Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020 Mar;55(3):599-606. Resumo

103. Galant SP, Komarow HD, Shin HW, et al. The case for impulse oscillometry in the management of asthma in children and adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017 Jun;118(6):664-71. Resumo

104. Adams NP, Bestall JC, Lasserson TJ, Fluticasone versus placebo for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8;(4):CD003135. Resumo

105. Ducharme FM, Dell SD, Radhakrishnan D, et al. Diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers: A Canadian Thoracic Society and Canadian Paediatric Society position paper. Can Respir J. 2015 May-Jun;22(3):135-43.Texto completo  Resumo

106. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, et al. ATS/ERS Task Force. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005 Aug;26(2):319-38.Texto completo  Resumo

107. Godfrey S, Springer C, Bar-Yishay E, et al. Cut-off points defining normal and asthmatic bronchial reactivity to exercise and inhalation challenges in children and young adults. Eur Respir J. 1999 Sep;14(3):659-68.Texto completo  Resumo

108. Turner SW, Chang AB, Yang IA. Clinical utility of exhaled nitric oxide fraction in the management of asthma and COPD. Breathe (Sheff). 2019 Dec;15(4):306-16.Texto completo  Resumo

109. Baumer JH. SIGN guideline on bronchiolitis in infants. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2007 Oct;92(5):ep149-51. Resumo

110. Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, et al. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014 Nov;134(5):e1474-502.Texto completo  Resumo

111. Schultz A, Devadason SG, Savenije OE, et al. The transient value of classifying preschool wheeze into episodic viral wheeze and multiple trigger wheeze. Acta Paediatr. 2010 Jan;99(1):56-60. Resumo

112. Brand PL, Baraldi E, Bisgaard H, et al. Definition, assessment and treatment of wheezing disorders in preschool children: an evidence-based approach. Eur Respir J. 2008 Oct;32(4):1096-110.Texto completo  Resumo

113. Farrell PM, Rosenstein BJ, White TB, et al. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Guidelines for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in newborns through older adults: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation consensus report. J Pediatr. 2008 Aug;153(2):S4-S14.Texto completo  Resumo

114. Lucas JS, Barbato A, Collins SA, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur Respir J. 2017 Jan 4;49(1):1601090.Texto completo  Resumo

115. Shapiro AJ, Davis SD, Polineni D, et al. Diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Jun 15;197(12):e24-39.Texto completo  Resumo

116. Kantar A, Chang AB, Shields MD, et al. ERS statement on protracted bacterial bronchitis in children. Eur Respir J. 2017 Aug 24;50(2):1602139.Texto completo  Resumo

117. Chang AB, Oppenheimer JJ, Weinberger MM, et al. Management of children with chronic wet cough and protracted bacterial bronchitis: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2017 Apr;151(4):884-90.Texto completo  Resumo

118. Saito J, Harris WT, Gelfond J, et al. Physiologic, bronchoscopic, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid findings in young children with recurrent wheeze and cough. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006 Aug;41(8):709-19. Resumo

119. Strunk RC, Sternberg AL, Szefler SJ, et al. Long-term budesonide or nedocromil treatment, once discontinued, does not alter the course of mild to moderate asthma in children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 2009 May;154(5):682-7.Texto completo  Resumo

120. Lemanske RF Jr, Mauger DT, Sorkness CA, et al. Step-up therapy for children with uncontrolled asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 18;362(11):975-85.Texto completo  Resumo

121. Calpin C, Macarthur C, Stephens D, et al. Effectiveness of prophylactic inhaled steroids in childhood asthma: a systemic review of the literature. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Mar 18;362(11):975-85. Resumo

122. Adams NP, Bestall JC, Jones P, et al. Fluticasone at different doses for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8;2008(4):CD003534.Texto completo  Resumo

123. Abdullah AK, Khan S. Evidence-based selection of inhaled corticosteroid for treatment of chronic asthma. J Asthma. 2007 Jan-Feb;44(1):1-12. Resumo

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