Astigmatismo

Jacobs DS, Afshari NA, Bishop RJ, et al. Refractive errors preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P1-60.Texto completo  Resumo

Read SA, Collins MJ, Carney LG. A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis. Clin Exp Optom. 2007 Jan;90(1):5-19. Resumo

Gwiazda J, Grice K, Held R, et al. Astigmatism and the development of myopia in children. Vision Res. 2000;40(8):1019-26. Resumo

Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Texto completo  Resumo

Jacobs DS, Lee JK, Shen TT, et al. Refractive surgery preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P61-135.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Jacobs DS, Afshari NA, Bishop RJ, et al. Refractive errors preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P1-60.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Hashemi H, Fotouhi A, Yekta A, et al. Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2018 Mar;30(1):3-22.Texto completo  Resumo

3. Zhang J, Wu Y, Sharma B, et al. Epidemiology and burden of astigmatism: a systematic literature review. Optom Vis Sci. 2023 Mar 1;100(3):218-31.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Vitale S, Ellwein L, Cotch MF, et al. Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999-2004. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Aug;126(8):1111-9.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Howland HC, Sayles N. Photokeratometric and photorefractive measurements of astigmatism in infants and young children. Vision Res. 1985;25(1):73-81. Resumo

6. Friling R, Weinberger D, Kremer I, et al. Keratometry measurements in preterm and full term newborn infants. Br J Ophthalmol 2004 Jan;88(1):8-10.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Atkinson J, Braddick O, French J. Infant astigmatism: its disappearance with age. Vision Res. 1980;20(11):891-3. Resumo

8. Gwiazda J, Scheinman M, Mohindra I, et al. Astigmatism in children: changes in axis and amount from birth to six years. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984 Jan;25(1):88-92.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Satterfield DS. Prevalence and variation of astigmatism in a military population. J Am Optom Assoc. 1989 Jan;60(1):14-8. Resumo

10. Huang J, Maguire MG, Ciner E, et al. Risk factors for astigmatism in the Vision in Preschoolers Study. Optom Vis Sci. 2014 May;91(5):514-21.Texto completo  Resumo

11. McKean-Cowdin R, Varma R, Cotter SA, et al. Risk factors for astigmatism in preschool children: the multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease and Baltimore pediatric eye disease studies. Ophthalmology. 2011 Oct;118(10):1974-81.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Tong L, Saw SM, Lin Y, et al. Incidence and progression of astigmatism in Singaporean children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Nov;45(11):3914-8.Texto completo  Resumo

13. Fan DS, Rao SK, Cheung EY, et al. Astigmatism in Chinese preschool children: prevalence, change, and effect on refractive development. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Jul;88(7):938-41.Texto completo  Resumo

14. Thorn F, Cruz AA, Machado AJ, et al. Refractive status of indigenous people in the northwestern Amazon region of Brazil. Optom Vis Sci. 2005 Apr;82(4):267-72. Resumo

15. Ferraz FH, Corrente JE, Opromolla P, et al. Refractive errors in a Brazilian population: age and sex distribution. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2015 Jan;35(1):19-27. Resumo

16. Schellini SA, Durkin SR, Hoyama E, et al. Prevalence of refractive errors in a Brazilian population: the Botucatu eye study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009 Mar-Apr;16(2):90-7. Resumo

17. Wixson RJ. Refraction pedigrees. 2. The cornea. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom. 1965 Oct;42(10):615-8. Resumo

18. Teikari JM, O'Donnell JJ. Astigmatism in 72 twin pairs. Cornea. 1989 Dec;8(4):263-6. Resumo

19. Da Cunha RP, Moreira JB. Ocular findings in Down's syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Aug;122(2):236-44. Resumo

20. Wang FM, Millman AL, Sidoti PA, et al. Ocular findings in Treacher Collins syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990 Sep 15;110(3):280-6. Resumo

21. Read SA, Collins MJ, Carney LG. The influence of eyelid morphology on normal corneal shape. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Jan;48(1):112-9.Texto completo  Resumo

22. Nardi M, Rizzo S, Pellegrini G, et al. Effects of strabismus surgery on corneal topography. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1997 Jul-Aug;34(4):244-6. Resumo

23. Nathan J, Kiely PM, Crewther SG, et al. Astigmatism occurring in association with pediatric eye disease. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1986 Jul;63(7):497-504. Resumo

24. Read SA, Collins MJ, Carney LG. A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis. Clin Exp Optom. 2007 Jan;90(1):5-19. Resumo

25. Grjibovski AM, Magnus P, Midelfart A, et al. Epidemiology and heritability of astigmatism in Norwegian twins: an analysis of self-reported data. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2006 Aug;13(4):245-52. Resumo

26. Gwiazda J, Grice K, Held R, et al. Astigmatism and the development of myopia in children. Vision Res. 2000;40(8):1019-26. Resumo

27. Meek KM, Newton RH. Organization of collagen fibrils in the corneal stroma in relation to mechanical properties and surgical practice. J Refract Surg. 1999 Nov-Dec;15(6):695-9. Resumo

28. Sheoran K, Arya SK, Bansal RK, et al. Surgically induced astigmatism and posterior corneal curvature changes following phacoemulsification. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022 Feb;70(2):406-12.Texto completo  Resumo

29. Copeland JC: Streak retinoscopy. In: Sloane AE, ed. Manual of refraction, 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Little, Brown; 1979.

30. ​American Academy of Ophthalmology. Frequency of ocular examinations - 2015. Mar 2015 [internet publication].Texto completo

31. Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Gwiazda J, Mohindra I, Brill S, et al. The development of visual acuity in infant astigmats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985 Dec;26(12):1717-23.Texto completo  Resumo

33. Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Section on Ophthalmology; American Association of Certified Orthoptists; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Academy of Ophthalmology. Eye examination in infants, children and young adults by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2003 Apr;111(4 Pt 1):902-7. Resumo

34. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation PPP 2020. Nov 2020 [internet publication].​Texto completo

35. Fledelius HC. Ophthalmic changes from age of 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. I. Refraction. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1980 Dec;58(6):889-98. Resumo

36. Lawless M, Coster DJ, Phillips AJ, et al. Keratoconus: diagnosis and management. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1989 Feb;17(1):33-60. Resumo

37. Seitz B, Langenbucher A, Szentmary N, et al. Corneal curvature after penetrating keratoplasty before and after suture removal: a comparison between keratoconus and Fuchs' dystrophy. Ophthalmologica. 2006;220(5):302-6. Resumo

38. Solomon A, Siganos CS, Frucht-Pery J. Corneal dynamics after single interrupted suture removal following penetrating keratoplasty. J Refract Surg. 1999 Jul-Aug;15(4):475-80. Resumo

39. Sano M, Hiraoka T, Ueno Y, et al. Influence of posterior corneal astigmatism on postoperative refractive astigmatism in pseudophakic eyes after cataract surgery. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;16(1):212.Texto completo  Resumo

40. Corbett MC, Rosen ES, O'Brart DPS. Corneal topography: principles and applications. London, UK: BMJ Books; 1999.

41. Naseri A, McLeod SD, Lietman T. Evaluating the human optical system: corneal topography and wavefront analysis. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2001 Jun;14(2):269-73. Resumo

42. Jacobs DS, Lee JK, Shen TT, et al. Refractive surgery preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P61-135.Texto completo  Resumo

43. Rubin ML. Optics for clinicians. Gainesville, FL: Triad Publishing Company; 1977:136.

44. Tasman W, Jaeger EA. Duane's ophthalmology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW); 2007.

45. US Preventive Services Task Force. Vision in children ages 6 months to 5 years: screening. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

46. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Vision screening for infants and children - 2022​. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

47. US Preventive Services Task Force. Impaired visual acuity in older adults: screening. May 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

48. Gov.UK (UK National Screening Committee). ​Child screening programme: vision defects. Aug 2019 [inteernet publication].Texto completo

49. Public Health England. Guidance: child vision screening​. Apr 2019 [Internet publication].Texto completo

50. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Referral of persons with possible eye diseases or injury - 2014​. Apr 2014 [internet publication].Texto completo

51. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Eye screening for children. Mar 2021[internet publication].​Texto completo

52. Blum HL, Peters HB, Bettman JW. Vision screening for elementary schools: the Orinda Study. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 1959.

53. Gwiazda J, Thorn F, Bauer J, et al. Emmetropization and the progression of manifest refraction in children followed from infancy to puberty. Clin Vis Sci. 1993;8:337.

54. Williams RA, Fender DH. The synchrony of binocular saccadic eye movements. Vision Res. 1977 Feb;17(2):303-6. Resumo

55. Fulton AB. Screening preschool children to detect visual and ocular disorders. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992 Nov;110(11):1553-4. Resumo

56. Huang D, Schallhorn SC, Sugar A, et al. Phakic intraocular lens implantation for the correction of myopia: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2009 Nov;116(11):2244-58. Resumo

57. Kahuam-López N, Navas A, Castillo-Salgado C, et al. Laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with a mechanical microkeratome compared to LASIK with a femtosecond laser for LASIK in adults with myopia or myopic astigmatism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 7;(4):CD012946.Texto completo  Resumo

58. Li S-M, Kang M-T, Wang N-L, et al. Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Dec 18;(12):CD012687.Texto completo  Resumo

59. Hofling-Lima AL, Branco BC, Romano AC, et al. Corneal infections after implantation of intracorneal ring segments. Cornea. 2004 Aug;23(6):547-9. Resumo

60. Wollensak G. Crosslinking treatment of progressive keratoconus: new hope. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006 Aug;17(4):356-60. Resumo

61. Ng SM, Ren M, Lindsley KB, et al. Transepithelial versus epithelium-off corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 23;3(3):CD013512.Texto completo  Resumo

62. Cennamo G, Intravaja A, Boccuzzi D, et al. Treatment of keratoconus by topography-guided customized photorefractive keratectomy: two-year follow-up study. J Refract Surg. 2008 Feb;24(2):145-9. Resumo

63. Kremer I, Shochot Y, Kaplan A, et al. Three year results of photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy for mild and atypical keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998 Dec;24(12):1581-8. Resumo

64. Alpins N, Stamatelatos G. Customized photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy using combined topographic and refractive data for myopia and astigmatism in eyes with forme fruste and mild keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007 Apr;33(4):591-602. Resumo

65. Núñez MX, Henriquez MA, Escaf LJ, et al. Consensus on the management of astigmatism in cataract surgery. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019 Feb 11;13:311-24.Texto completo  Resumo

66. Bansal AK. Photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy for correction of astigmatism after keratoplasty. J Refract Surg. 1999 Mar-Apr;15(2 Suppl):S243-5. Resumo

67. Rajan MS, O'Brart DP, Patel P, et al. Topography-guided customized laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy for the treatment of postkeratoplasty astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006 Jun;32(6):949-57. Resumo

68. Maheshwari S. Pterygium-induced corneal refractive changes. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2007 Sep-Oct;55(5):383-6.Texto completo  Resumo

69. Cosar CB, Rapuano CJ, Cohen EJ, et al. Chalazion as a cause of decreased vision after LASIK. Cornea. 2001 Nov;20(8):890-2. Resumo

70. Robb RM. Refractive errors associated with hemangiomas of the eyelids and orbit in infancy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1977 Jan;83(1):52-8. Resumo

71. Artola A, Ayala MJ, Claramonte P, et al. Photorefractive keratectomy for residual myopia after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999 Nov;25(11):1456-60. Resumo

72. Norouzi H, Rahmati-Kamel M. Laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of induced astigmatism from cataract surgery. J Refract Surg. 2003 Jul-Aug;19(4):416-24. Resumo

73. Akura J, Matsuura K, Hatta S, et al. A new concept for the correction of astigmatism: full-arc, depth-dependent astigmatic keratotomy. Ophthalmology. 2000 Jan;107(1):95-104. Resumo

74. Patel AS, Markovitz BJ, DelMonte DW, et al. Astigmatism correction at the time of cataract surgery. Oct 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

75. Holland E, Lane S, Horn JD, et al. The AcrySof Toric intraocular lens in subjects with cataracts and corneal astigmatism: a randomized, subject-masked, parallel-group, 1-year study. Ophthalmology. 2010 Nov;117(11):2104-11. Resumo

76. Mingo-Botín D, Muñoz-Negrete FJ, Won Kim HR, et al. Comparison of toric intraocular lenses and peripheral corneal relaxing incisions to treat astigmatism during cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010 Oct;36(10):1700-8. Resumo

77. Tuft SJ, Moodaley LC, Gregory WM, et al. Prognostic factors for the progression of keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 1994 Mar;101(3):439-47. Resumo

78. Mitchell DE, Freeman RD, Millodot M, et al. Meridional amblyopia: evidence for modification of the human visual system by early visual experience. Vision Res. 1973 Mar;13(3):535-58. Resumo

79. Donahue SP, Arthur B, Neely DE, et al. Guidelines for automated preschool vision screening: a 10-year, evidence-based update. J AAPOS. 2013 Feb;17(1):4-8. Resumo

80. Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision rehabilitation preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.Texto completo  Resumo