Criptorquidia

Virtanen HE, Toppari J. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. Hum Reprod Update. 2008 Jan-Feb;14(1):49-58.Texto completo  Resumo

Hutson JM, Clarke MC. Current management of the undescended testicle. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007 Feb;16(1):64-70. Resumo

Kolon TF, Herndon CD, Baker LA, et al. Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):337-45.Texto completo  Resumo

European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

Kollin C, Stukenborg JB, Nurmio M, et al. Boys with undescended testes: endocrine, volumetric and morphometric studies on testicular function before and after orchidopexy at nine months or three years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec;97(12):4588-95. Resumo

Braga LH, Lorenzo AJ, Romao RLP. Canadian Urological Association-Pediatric Urologists of Canada (CUA-PUC) guideline for the diagnosis, management, and followup of cryptorchidism. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jul;11(7):E251-60.Texto completo  Resumo

1. Ritzén EM, Bergh A, Bjerknes R, et al. Nordic consensus on treatment of undescended testes. Acta Paediatr. 2007 May;96(5):638-43.Texto completo  Resumo

2. Nah SA, Yeo CS, How GY, et al. Undescended testis: 513 patients' characteristics, age at orchidopexy and patterns of referral. Arch Dis Child. 2014 May;99(5):401-6. Resumo

3. Virtanen HE, Toppari J. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of cryptorchidism. Hum Reprod Update. 2008 Jan-Feb;14(1):49-58.Texto completo  Resumo

4. Sijstermans K, Hack WW, Meijer RW, et al. The frequency of undescended testis from birth to adulthood: a review. Int J Androl. 2008 Feb;31(1):1-11.Texto completo  Resumo

5. Brucker-Davis F, Pointis G, Chevallier D, et al. Update on cryptorchidism: endocrine, environmental and therapeutic aspects. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003 Jun;26(6):575-87. Resumo

6. Kuiri-Hänninen T, Koskenniemi J, Dunkel L, et al. Postnatal testicular activity in healthy boys and boys with cryptorchidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:489.Texto completo  Resumo

7. Scorer CG. The descent of the testis. Arch Dis Child. 1964 Dec;39:605-9.Texto completo  Resumo

8. John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group. Cryptorchidism: a prospective study of 7500 consecutive male births, 1984-8. Arch Dis Child. 1992 Jul;67(7):892-9.Texto completo  Resumo

9. Abdullah NA, Pearce MS, Parker L, et al. Birth prevalence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in northern England, 1993-2000. Arch Dis Child. 2007 Jul;92(7):576-9. Resumo

10. Vidaeff AC, Sever LE. In utero exposure to environmental estrogens and male reproductive health: a systematic review of biological and epidemiologic evidence. Reprod Toxicol. 2005 May-Jun;20(1):5-20. Resumo

11. Ivell R, Hartung S. The molecular basis of cryptorchidism. Mol Hum Reprod. 2003 Apr;9(4):175-81.Texto completo  Resumo

12. Verkauskas G, Malcius D, Eidukaite A, et al. Prospective study of histological and endocrine parameters of gonadal function in boys with cryptorchidism. J Pediatr Urol. 2016 Aug;12(4):238.e1-6. Resumo

13. Hutson JM, Lopez-Marambio FA. The possible role of AMH in shortening the gubernacular cord in testicular descent: a reappraisal of the evidence. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Oct;52(10):1656-60. Resumo

14. Damgaard IN, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J, et al. Persistent pesticides in human breast milk and cryptorchidism. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul;114(7):1133-8.Texto completo  Resumo

15. Fratrić I, Varga J, Vukmirović S, et al. Cryptorchidism and pesticides: Is there a connection? J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Jul;52(7):1166-8. Resumo

16. Goodyer CG, Poon S, Aleksa K, et al. A case-control study of maternal polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and cryptorchidism in Canadian populations. Environ Health Perspect. 2017 May 26;125(5):057004.Texto completo  Resumo

17. Sathyanarayana S, Grady R, Barrett ES, et al. First trimester phthalate exposure and male newborn genital anomalies. Environ Res. 2016 Nov;151:777-82. Resumo

18. Le Moal J, Goria S, Guillet A, et al. Time and spatial trends of operated cryptorchidism in France and environmental hypotheses: a nationwide study from 2002 to 2014. Hum Reprod. 2021 Apr 20;36(5):1383-94.Texto completo  Resumo

19. Estors Sastre B, Campillo Artero C, González Ruiz Y, et al. Occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and other parental risk factors in hypospadias and cryptorchidism development: a case-control study. J Pediatr Urol. 2019 Oct;15(5):520.e1-520.e8. Resumo

20. Mongraw-Chaffin ML, Cohn BA, Cohen RD, et al. Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, and caffeine consumption during pregnancy in relation to a son's risk of persistent cryptorchidism: a prospective study in the Child Health and Development Studies cohort, 1959-1967. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Feb 1;167(3):257-61.Texto completo  Resumo

21. Jensen MS, Rebordosa C, Thulstrup AM, et al. Maternal use of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism. Epidemiology. 2010 Nov;21(6):779-85. Resumo

22. Philippat C, Giorgis-Allemand L, Chevrier C, et al. Analgesics during pregnancy and undescended testis. Epidemiology. 2011 Sep;22(5):747-9. Resumo

23. Hackshaw A, Rodeck C, Boniface S. Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls. Hum Reprod Update. 2011 Sep-Oct;17(5):589-604.Texto completo  Resumo

24. Damgaard IN, Jensen TK, Petersen JH, et al. Cryptorchidism and maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Feb;115(2):272-7.Texto completo  Resumo

25. Carragher AM, McLean RD. Familial bilateral cryptorchidism. Br J Clin Pract. 1990 Dec;44(12):688-9. Resumo

26. Elert A, Jahn K, Heidenreich A, et al. The familial undescended testis [in German]. Klin Padiatr. 2003 Jan-Feb;215(1):40-5. Resumo

27. Ferlin A, Bogatcheva NV, Gianesello L, et al. Insulin-like factor 3 gene mutations in testicular dysgenesis syndrome: clinical and functional characterization. Mol Hum Reprod. 2006 Jun;12(6):401-6.Texto completo  Resumo

28. Feng S, Cortessis V, Hwang A, et al. Mutation analysis of INSL3 and GREAT/LGR8 genes in familial cryptorchidism. Urology. 2004 Nov;64(5):1032-6. Resumo

29. Wang Y, Wei Y, Tang X, et al. Association between androgen receptor polymorphic CAG and GGC repeat lengths and cryptorchidism: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. J Pediatr Urol. 2018 Jun 7;14(5):432.e1-9. Resumo

30. Wang Q, Ge X, Wang HX, et al. Association of androgen receptor gene CAG and GGN repeat polymorphism with cryptorchidism: a meta-analysis. Andrologia. 2017 Oct 18;50(3):e12909. Resumo

31. Ahmed SF, Achermann J, Alderson J, et al. Society for Endocrinology UK Guidance on the initial evaluation of a suspected difference or disorder of sex development (Revised 2021). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2021 Dec;95(6):818-40.Texto completo  Resumo

32. Moreno-Garcia M, Miranda EB. Chromosomal anomalies in cryptorchidism and hypospadias. J Urol. 2002 Nov;168(5):2170-2; discussion 2172. Resumo

33. Lie G, Hutson JM. The role of cremaster muscle in testicular descent in humans and animal models. Pediatr Surg Int. 2011 Dec;27(12):1255-65. Resumo

34. Arena S, Favaloro A, La Face A, et al. Altered integrins expression of patients affected by cryptorchidism. Urol Int. 2018 Aug 8;101(2):219-23. Resumo

35. Favorito LA, Anderson KM, Costa SF, et al. Structural study of the cremaster muscle in patients with retractile testis. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Apr 28;53(4):780-3. Resumo

36. Hutson JM, Hasthorpe S. Abnormalities of testicular descent. Cell Tissue Res. 2005 Oct;322(1):155-8. Resumo

37. Barthold JS, Pugarelli J, MacDonald ML, et al. Polygenic inheritance of cryptorchidism susceptibility in the LE/orl rat. Mol Hum Reprod. 2016 Jan;22(1):18-34. Resumo

38. Barthold JS, Wang Y, Kolon TF, et al. Pathway analysis supports association of nonsyndromic cryptorchidism with genetic loci linked to cytoskeleton-dependent functions. Hum Reprod. 2015 Oct;30(10):2439-51. Resumo

39. Baker LA, Silver RI, Docimo SG. Cryptorchidism. In: Gearhart JP, Rink RC, Mouriquand PE, eds. Pediatric urology. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2001:738-53.

40. Hutson JM, Clarke MC. Current management of the undescended testicle. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007 Feb;16(1):64-70. Resumo

41. Pierik FH, Burdorf A, Deddens JA, et al. Maternal and paternal risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias: a case-control study in newborn boys. Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Nov;112(15):1570-6. Resumo

42. Akre O, Lipworth L, Cnattingius S, et al. Risk factor patterns for cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Epidemiology. 1999 Jul;10(4):364-9. Resumo

43. Preiksa RT, Zilaitiene B, Matulevicius V, et al. Higher than expected prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in Lithuania: a study of 1204 boys at birth and 1 year follow-up. Human Reprod. 2005 Jul;20(7):1928-32.Texto completo  Resumo

44. Chen J, Wu S, Wen S, et al. The mechanism of environmental endocrine disruptors (DEHP) induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of cryptorchidism. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 2;10(6):e0126403.Texto completo  Resumo

45. Koskenniemi JJ, Virtanen HE, Kiviranta H, et al. Association between levels of persistent organic pollutants in adipose tissue and cryptorchidism in early childhood: a case-control study. Environ Health. 2015 Sep 24;14:78.Texto completo  Resumo

46. Hart RJ, Frederiksen H, Doherty DA, et al. The possible impact of antenatal exposure to ubiquitous phthalates upon male reproductive function at 20 years of age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Jun 4;9:288.Texto completo  Resumo

47. Anand-Ivell R, Cohen A, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, et al. Amniotic fluid INSL3 measured during the critical time window in human pregnancy relates to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and phthalate load: a large case-control study. Front Physiol. 2018 Apr 24;9:406.Texto completo  Resumo

48. Fernández MF, Arrebola JP, Jiménez-Díaz I, et al. Bisphenol A and other phenols in human placenta from children with cryptorchidism or hypospadias. Reprod Toxicol. 2016 Jan;59:89-95. Resumo

49. Murase K, Murase J, Machidori K, et al. Nationwide increase in cryptorchidism after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Urology. 2018 May 8;118:65-70. Resumo

50. Gurney J, Richiardi L, McGlynn KA, et al. Analgesia use during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2017 May 1;32(5):1118-29. Resumo

51. Zhang L, Wang XH, Zheng XM, et al. Maternal gestational smoking, diabetes, alcohol drinking, pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 23;10(3):e0119006.Texto completo  Resumo

52. Lane C, Boxall J, MacLellan D, et al. A population-based study of prevalence trends and geospatial analysis of hypospadias and cryptorchidism compared with non-endocrine mediated congenital anomalies. J Pediatr Urol. 2017 Jun;13(3):284.e1-7. Resumo

53. Virtanen HE, Tapanainen AE, Kaleva MM, et al. Mild gestational diabetes as a risk factor for congenital cryptorchidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec;91(12):4862-5.Texto completo  Resumo

54. Hughes K, Horwood JF, Clements C, et al. Complications of inguinal herniotomy are comparable in term and premature infants. Hernia. 2016 Aug;20(4):565-9. Resumo

55. Kolon TF, Herndon CD, Baker LA, et al. Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):337-45.Texto completo  Resumo

56. Cho A, Thomas J, Perera R, et al. Undescended testis. BMJ. 2019 Mar 25;364:l926. Resumo

57. European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2022 [internet publication].Texto completo

58. Tasian GE, Copp HL. Diagnostic performance of ultrasound in nonpalpable cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):119-28. Resumo

59. Teo AQ, Khan AR, Williams MP, et al. Is surgical exploration necessary in bilateral anorchia? J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Feb;9(1):e78-81.Texto completo  Resumo

60. Brauner R, Neve M, Allali S, et al. Clinical, biological and genetic analysis of anorchia in 26 boys. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23292.Texto completo  Resumo

61. Wei Y, Wang Y, Tang X, et al. Efficacy and safety of human chorionic gonadotropin for treatment of cryptorchidism: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Apr 14;54(8):900-6. Resumo

62. Davenport M, Brain C, Vandenberg C, et al. The use of the hCG stimulation test in the endocrine evaluation of cryptorchidism. Br J Urol. 1995 Dec;76(6):790-4. Resumo

63. Kollin C, Hesser U, Ritzén EM, et al. Testicular growth from birth to two years of age, and the effect of orchidopexy at age nine months: a randomized, controlled study. Acta Paediatr. 2016 Jun;101(6):2570-7. Resumo

64. Sadov S, Koskenniemi JJ, Virtanen HE, et al. Testicular growth during puberty in boys with and without a history of congenital cryptorchidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jun;101(6):2570-7. Resumo

65. Shadpour P, Kashi AH, Arvin A. Scrotal testis size in unilateral non-palpable cryptorchidism, what it can and cannot tell: study of a Middle Eastern population. J Pediatr Urol. 2017 Jun;13(3):268.e1-6. Resumo

66. Hodhod A, Capolicchio JP, Jednak R, et al. Testicular hypertrophy as a predictor for contralateral monorchism: retrospective review of prospectively recorded data. J Pediatr Urol. 2016 Feb;12(1):34.e1-5. Resumo

67. Wong NC, Bansal NK, Lorenzo AJ, et al. Misuse of ultrasound for palpable undescended testis by primary care providers: a prospective study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015 Nov-Dec;9(11-12):387-90.Texto completo  Resumo

68. Kanaroglou N, To T, Zhu J, et al. Inappropriate use of ultrasound in management of pediatric cryptorchidism. Pediatrics. 2015 Sep;136(3):479-86. Resumo

69. Krishnaswami S, Fonnesbeck C, Penson D, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for locating nonpalpable undescended testicles: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2013 Jun;131(6):e1908-16.Texto completo  Resumo

70. Nguyen HT, Coakley F, Hricak H. Cryptorchidism: strategies in detection. Eur Radiol. 1999;9(2):336-43. Resumo

71. Eggener SE, Lotan Y, Cheng EG. Magnetic resonance angiography for the nonpalpable testis: a cost and cancer risk analysis. J Urol. 2005 May;173(5):1745-9. Resumo

72. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism.Comparative effectiveness review. Dec 2012 [internet publication].Texto completo

73. Esposito S, Cofini M, Rigante D, et al. Inhibin B in healthy and cryptorchid boys. Ital J Pediatr. 2018 Jul 16;44(1):81.Texto completo  Resumo

74. Public Health England. Newborn and infant physical examination (NIPE) screeningprogramme handbook. Apr 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo

75. Pettersson A, Richiardi L, Nordenskjold A, et al. Age at surgery for undescended testis and risk of testicular cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 3;356(18):1835-41.Texto completo  Resumo

76. Ritzén EM. Undescended testes: a consensus on management. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008 Dec;159(suppl 1):S87-90.Texto completo  Resumo

77. Chan E, Wayne C, Nasr A, et al; FRCSC for Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeon Evidence-Based Resource. Ideal timing of orchiopexy: a systematic review. Pediatr Surg Int. 2014 Jan;30(1):87-97. Resumo

78. Komarowska MD, Hermanowicz A, Debek W. Putting the pieces together: cryptorchidism - do we know everything? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Nov 1;28(11-12):1247-56. Resumo

79. Kollin C, Stukenborg JB, Nurmio M, et al. Boys with undescended testes: endocrine, volumetric and morphometric studies on testicular function before and after orchidopexy at nine months or three years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec;97(12):4588-95. Resumo

80. Thorsson AV, Christiansen P, Ritzén M. Efficacy and safety of hormonal treatment of cryptorchidism: current state of the art. Acta Paediatr. 2007 May;96(5):628-30. Resumo

81. Penson D, Krishnaswami S, Jules A, et al. Effectiveness of hormonal and surgical therapies for cryptorchidism: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2013 Jun;131(6):e1897-907.Texto completo  Resumo

82. Li T, Gao L, Chen P, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies assessing the efficacy of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone therapy for children with cryptorchidism. Int Urol Nephrol. 2016 May;48(5):635-44. Resumo

83. Wei Y, Wu SD, Wang YC, et al. A 22-year retrospective study: educational update and new referral pattern of age at orchidopexy. BJU Int. 2016 Dec;118(6):987-93. Resumo

84. Vikraman J, Donath S, Hutson Ao JM. Undescended testes: diagnosis and timely treatment in Australia (1995-2014). Aust Fam Physician. 2017 Mar;46(3):152-8. Resumo

85. Williams K, Baumann L, Shah A, et al. Age at orchiopexy for undescended testis in the United States. J Pediatr Surg. 2018 Jan;53(1):86-9. Resumo

86. Bergbrant S, Omling E, Björk J, et al. Cryptorchidism in Sweden: a nationwide study of prevalence, operative management, and complications. J Pediatr. 2018 Jan 10;194:197-203.e6. Resumo

87. Braga LH, Lorenzo AJ, Romao RLP. Canadian Urological Association-Pediatric Urologists of Canada (CUA-PUC) guideline for the diagnosis, management, and followup of cryptorchidism. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jul;11(7):E251-60.Texto completo  Resumo

88. Savoie KB, Bachier-Rodriguez M, Schurtz E, et al. Health disparities in the appropriate management of cryptorchidism. J Pediatr. 2017 Jun;185:187-92.e1. Resumo

89. Boehme P, Geis B, Doerner J, et al. Shortcomings in the management of undescended testis: guideline intention vs reality and the underlying causes - insights from the biggest German cohort. BJU Int. 2018 Mar 9;122(4):644-53. Resumo

90. Cancian M, Ellsworth P, Caldamone A. Contralateral metachronous undescended testis: is it predictable? J Pediatr Urol. 2017 Mar 28;13(5):504.e1-5. Resumo

91. Dayanc M, Kibar Y, Irkilata H, et al. Long-term outcome of scrotal incision orchiopexy for undescended testis. Urology. 2007 Oct;70(4):786-8. Resumo

92. Feng S, Yang H, Li X, et al. Single scrotal incision orchiopexy versus the inguinal approach in children with palpable undescended testis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2016 Oct;32(10):989-95. Resumo

93. Na SW, Kim SO, Hwang EC, et al. Single scrotal incision orchiopexy for children with palpable low-lying undescended testis: early outcome of a prospective randomized controlled study. Korean J Urol. 2011 Sep;52(9):637-41.Texto completo  Resumo

94. Ramzan M, Sheikh AH, Qureshi MS, et al. Single incision trans scrotal versus standard inguino-scrotal orchidopexy in children with palpable undescended testis: our experience from April 2007 to April 2010. Pak J Med Sci. 2012 Oct-Dec;28(5):827-9.Texto completo

95. Lopes RI, Naoum NK, Chua ME, et al. Outcome analysis of redo orchiopexy: scrotal vs inguinal. J Urol. 2016 Sep;196(3):869-74. Resumo

96. Docimo SG. The results of surgical therapy for cryptorchidism: a literature review and analysis. J Urol. 1995 Sep;154(3):1148-52. Resumo

97. Taran I, Elder JS. Results of orchiopexy for the undescended testis. World J Urol. 2006 Aug;24(3):231-9. Resumo

98. SAGES Guidelines Committee. Guidelines for diagnostic laparoscopy. 2007 [internet publication].Texto completo

99. Elder JS. Laparoscopy for impalpable testes: significance of the patent processus vaginalis. J Urol. 1994 Aug;152(2 Pt 2):776-8. Resumo

100. Baker LA, Docimo SG, Surer I, et al. A multi-institutional analysis of laparoscopic orchidopexy. BJU Int. 2001 Apr;87(6):484-9. Resumo

101. Sturm R, Kurzrock E, Amend G, et al. Blind ending vessels on diagnostic laparoscopy for nonpalpable testis: is a nubbin present? J Pediatr Urol. 2017 Aug;13(4):392.e1-6. Resumo

102. Kehoe JE, Christman MS. To 'pex or not to 'pex: what to do for the contralateral testis when a nubbin is discovered. Curr Urol Rep. 2017 Feb;18(2):9. Resumo

103. Elyas R, Guerra LA, Pike J, et al. Is staging beneficial for Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy? A systematic review. J Urol. 2010 May;183(5):2012-8. Resumo

104. Guo J, Liang Z, Zhang H, et al. Laparoscopic versus open orchiopexy for non-palpable undescended testes in children: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2011 Sep;27(9):943-52. Resumo

105. Wood HM, Elder JS. Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer: separating fact from fiction. J Urol. 2009 Feb;181(2):452-61. Resumo

106. Koh KB. Beware the undescended testis and abdominal mass. Aust N Z J Surg. 1996 Dec;66(12):851-3. Resumo

107. Ryang SH, Jung JH, Eom M, et al. The incidence and histological characteristics of intratubular germ cell neoplasia in postpubertal cryptorchid testis. Korean J Urol. 2015 Jul;56(7):515-8.Texto completo  Resumo

108. Kang KJ, Kim HS, Oh TH. The clinical experience on orchiectomy in the postpubertal unilateral cryptorchidism. Korean J Urol. 1999 Oct;40(10):1371-6.Texto completo

109. Oh J, Landman J, Evers A, et al. Management of the postpubertal patient with cryptorchidism: an updated analysis. J Urol. 2002 Mar;167(3):1329-33. Resumo

110. Kozminski DJ, Kraft KH, Bloom DA. Orchiopexy without transparenchymal fixation suturing: a 29-year experience. J Urol. 2015 Dec;194(6):1743-7. Resumo

111. Ribeiro CT, De Souza DB, Costa WS, et al. Effects of testicular transfixation on seminiferous tubule morphology and sperm parameters of prepubertal, pubertal, and adult rats. Theriogenology. 2015 Oct 15;84(7):1142-8. Resumo

112. Walsh TJ, Dall'Era MA, Croughan MS, et al. Prepubertal orchiopexy for cryptorchidism may be associated with lower risk of testicular cancer. J Urol. 2007 Oct;178(4 Pt 1):1440-6. Resumo

113. Raman JD, Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is successful for the treatment of nonobstructive azoospermia associated with cryptorchidism. J Urol. 2003 Oct;170(4 Pt 1):1287-90. Resumo

114. Ilic D, Misso ML. Screening for testicular cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Feb 16;(2):CD007853.Texto completo  Resumo

115. Gracia J, Sánchez Zalabardo J, Sánchez García J, et al. Clinical, physical, sperm and hormonal data in 251 adults operated on for cryptorchidism in childhood. BJU Int. 2000 Jun;85(9):1100-3. Resumo

116. Irkilata HC, Dayanc M, Yildirim I, et al. Low sperm recovery from the undescended testis with testicular sperm extraction in postpubertal cryptorchids: preliminary report. Andrologia. 2005 Jun;37(2-3):65-8. Resumo

117. Lee PA, Coughlin MT. Fertility after bilateral cryptorchidism. Evaluation by paternity, hormone, and semen data. Horm Res. 2001;55(1):28-32. Resumo

118. van Brakel J, Dinkelman-Smit M, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SMPF, et al. Sperm DNA damage measured by sperm chromatin structure assay in men with a history of undescended testes. Andrology. 2017 Jul;5(4):838-43. Resumo

119. Hamdi SM, Almont T, Galinier P, et al. Altered secretion of Sertoli cells hormones in 2-year-old prepubertal cryptorchid boys: a cross-sectional study. Andrology. 2017 Jul;5(4):783-9. Resumo

120. Rohayem J, Luberto A, Nieschlag E, et al. Delayed treatment of undescended testes may promote hypogonadism and infertility. Endocrine. 2017 Mar;55(3):914-24. Resumo

121. Durell J, Johal N, Burge D, et al. Testicular atrophy following paediatric primary orchidopexy: a prospective study. J Pediatr Urol. 2016 Aug;12(4):243.e1-4. Resumo

122. Adomaitis R, Vincel B, Eidukaite A, et al. Consequences of bilateral cryptorchidism in adults. Andrologia. 2016 Nov;48(9):933-8. Resumo

123. Thorup J, McLachlan R, Cortes D, et al. What is new in cryptorchidism and hypospadias--a critical review on the testicular dysgenesis hypothesis. J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Oct;45(10):2074-86. Resumo